Search results

Search for "tungsten" in Full Text gives 184 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology.

Luminescent supramolecular hydrogels from a tripeptide and nitrogen-doped carbon nanodots

  • Maria C. Cringoli,
  • Slavko Kralj,
  • Marina Kurbasic,
  • Massimo Urban and
  • Silvia Marchesan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1553–1562, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.157

Graphical Abstract
  • -ozone cleaner (UV-Ozone Procleaner Plus) for 45 mins to make the grid surface more hydrophilic. Then, the six-hour-aged gels were precisely deposited on a TEM grid, dried for 15 min at room temperature, and contrasted by an aqueous tungsten phosphate solution (pH 7.4). The average size or cross-section
PDF
Album
Supp Info
Full Research Paper
Published 01 Aug 2017

Parylene C as a versatile dielectric material for organic field-effect transistors

  • Tomasz Marszalek,
  • Maciej Gazicki-Lipman and
  • Jacek Ulanski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1532–1545, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.155

Graphical Abstract
  • of organic electronics. One of the early applications of Parylene C encapsulation layer in an electronic structure was that of a microelectrode insulator [65]. The Parylene C-covered iridium and tungsten microelectrodes were investigated by means of in vivo and in vitro impedance tests. In vitro
PDF
Album
Review
Published 28 Jul 2017

Metal oxide nanostructures: preparation, characterization and functional applications as chemical sensors

  • Dario Zappa,
  • Angela Bertuna,
  • Elisabetta Comini,
  • Navpreet Kaur,
  • Nicola Poli,
  • Veronica Sberveglieri and
  • Giorgio Sberveglieri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1205–1217, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.122

Graphical Abstract
  • 331 cm−1 is a second-order vibration. Thermal oxidation technique: WO3 Thermal oxidation of metallic tungsten films resulted in a disordered mats of tungsten oxide nanowires, covering all the patterned area of the substrates. Figure 5 reports a SEM picture of the nanowires, at 50k magnification
  • Raman spectrum of WO3 nanowire networks. All identified peaks can be attributed to tungsten trioxide, while there is no sign of alumina (corundum) peaks related to the polycrystalline substrate. This means that tungsten oxide covers the entire substrates. More specifically, the peaks at 707 cm−1 and
  • 797cm−1 are related to the stretching vibration of bridging oxygen in (W–O–W) bonds [7], and they are typical peaks of monoclinic tungsten trioxide. The other two major peaks at 262 cm−1 and 322 cm−1 are due to the bending vibration of (O–W–O) bonds [8]. Hydrothermal technique: Nb2O5 During the
PDF
Album
Full Research Paper
Published 06 Jun 2017

First examples of organosilica-based ionogels: synthesis and electrochemical behavior

  • Andreas Taubert,
  • Ruben Löbbicke,
  • Barbara Kirchner and
  • Fabrice Leroux

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 736–751, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.77

Graphical Abstract
  • deposited on the grid and dried before microscopy. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was done on an FEI Phenom desktop electron microscope operated at 5 kV and on a JEOL JSM-6510 with a tungsten filament operated at 15 kV. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDXS) was done with an Oxford Instrument INCAx
PDF
Album
Full Research Paper
Published 29 Mar 2017

Optimizing qPlus sensor assemblies for simultaneous scanning tunneling and noncontact atomic force microscopy operation based on finite element method analysis

  • Omur E. Dagdeviren and
  • Udo D. Schwarz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 657–666, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.70

Graphical Abstract
  • values used for Young’s modulus E, the density ρ, Poisson’s ratio υ, and the damping coefficient η for all materials considered in the modeling, with values for quartz, epoxy glue, and Macor chosen as in [26] while the ones for gold and tungsten were taken from the material library of the simulation
  • software [27]. Also note that (i) due to the comparatively low internal damping occurring inside Macor, gold, and tungsten, we do not assign a damping coefficient to any of these materials to speed up the calculations, and that (ii) the sensor is oscillating in vacuum; for experimentation in air, we would
  • oscillation behavior are applied at the base of the Macor holder. The difference from this arrangement to the previous one is that we added a tungsten tip that is attached to the free prong using a spherical drop of epoxy glue. To save on computational costs, we represent the tip by a blunt rod of 100 µm
PDF
Album
Full Research Paper
Published 20 Mar 2017

Thickness-modulated tungsten–carbon superconducting nanostructures grown by focused ion beam induced deposition for vortex pinning up to high magnetic fields

  • Ismael García Serrano,
  • Javier Sesé,
  • Isabel Guillamón,
  • Hermann Suderow,
  • Sebastián Vieira,
  • Manuel Ricardo Ibarra and
  • José María De Teresa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1698–1708, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.162

Graphical Abstract
  • Materiales de Aragón (ICMA), CSIC - Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain 10.3762/bjnano.7.162 Abstract We report efficient vortex pinning in thickness-modulated tungsten–carbon-based (W–C) nanostructures grown by focused ion beam induced deposition (FIBID). By using FIBID, W–C superconducting
PDF
Album
Supp Info
Full Research Paper
Published 14 Nov 2016

Sb2S3 grown by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis and its application in a hybrid solar cell

  • Erki Kärber,
  • Atanas Katerski,
  • Ilona Oja Acik,
  • Arvo Mere,
  • Valdek Mikli and
  • Malle Krunks

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1662–1673, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.158

Graphical Abstract
  • were physically isolated by scribing the solar cell. The thickness of the Au layer was around 50 nm. For light soaking of the glass/ITO/TiO2/Sb2S3/P3HT/Au solar cell from the glass side we used a 300 W quartz–tungsten–halogen (QTH) lamp at a distance that resulted in 100 mW·cm−2 irradiance on the solar
  • cells: voltage under open circuit conditions (VOC), current density under short-circuit conditions (JSC), the fill factor (FF) and the conversion efficiency (η) under AM1.5 standard conditions. The standard conditions were simulated by using the illumination of a 300 W quartz–tungsten–halogen (QTH) lamp
PDF
Album
Supp Info
Full Research Paper
Published 10 Nov 2016

Hydrophilic silver nanoparticles with tunable optical properties: application for the detection of heavy metals in water

  • Paolo Prosposito,
  • Federico Mochi,
  • Erica Ciotta,
  • Mauro Casalboni,
  • Fabio De Matteis,
  • Iole Venditti,
  • Laura Fontana,
  • Giovanna Testa and
  • Ilaria Fratoddi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1654–1661, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.157

Graphical Abstract
  • the lateral displacement is ±0.05 Å. Tungsten tips were chemically etched in a solution of NaOH and glycerol. Characterization of AgNP-3MPS nanoparticles in H2O (synthesis a): (a) UV–vis spectrum; (b) DLS measurements: <2RH> = 8 ± 2 nm; (c) ζ-potential measurements: ζ = −34 ± 5 mV. Absorption spectrum
PDF
Album
Full Research Paper
Published 09 Nov 2016

Experimental and simulation-based investigation of He, Ne and Ar irradiation of polymers for ion microscopy

  • Lukasz Rzeznik,
  • Yves Fleming,
  • Tom Wirtz and
  • Patrick Philipp

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1113–1128, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.104

Graphical Abstract
  • induced by the implantation of rare gas atoms. The latter has been observed among other for gallium nitride [28], silicon [29], iron [30] or steel [31], and tungsten [32] under helium irradiation. The evolution of roughness for Ne+ irradiation of PMMA can be better seen in Figure 2a where the value of RMS
PDF
Album
Full Research Paper
Published 02 Aug 2016

Signal enhancement in cantilever magnetometry based on a co-resonantly coupled sensor

  • Julia Körner,
  • Christopher F. Reiche,
  • Thomas Gemming,
  • Bernd Büchner,
  • Gerald Gerlach and
  • Thomas Mühl

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1033–1043, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.96

Graphical Abstract
  • each subsystem we used a tungsten tip to hold the respective other subsystem, therefore detuning the coupled system. Figure 3 shows the sensor and magnified images of the free of the FeCNT end before and after frequency matching. Furthermore, the co-resonant oscillation of the nanotube is depicted
PDF
Album
Full Research Paper
Published 18 Jul 2016

Dielectrophoresis of gold nanoparticles conjugated to DNA origami structures

  • Anja Henning-Knechtel,
  • Matthew Wiens,
  • Mathias Lakatos,
  • Andreas Heerwig,
  • Frieder Ostermaier,
  • Nora Haufe and
  • Michael Mertig

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 948–956, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.87

Graphical Abstract
  • electrically contacted outside the liquid volume with tungsten needles that are connected to a frequency and voltage synthesizer. DEP is influenced by the complex permittivity of the manipulating object () and its surrounding medium (). This parameter is at low and high frequencies a function of the electrical
  • objective and appropriate fluorescence filter sets. A PDMS ring was sealed with silicon oil on the glass substrate in between the electrodes and contact pads. In addition, the microscope was equipped with micromanipulators (Suess MICROTec PH100) that were used to place tungsten needles (SIGNATONE SE-T) on
PDF
Album
Supp Info
Full Research Paper
Published 01 Jul 2016

Modelling of ‘sub-atomic’ contrast resulting from back-bonding on Si(111)-7×7

  • Adam Sweetman,
  • Samuel P. Jarvis and
  • Mohammad A. Rashid

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 937–945, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.85

Graphical Abstract
  • is likely silicon due to prior STM treatment of the tip on the clean Si(111)-7×7 surface (although the tip bulk material is tungsten). In addition, the identity of the passivating end group, which was picked up spontaneously during NC-AFM imaging of the clean surface, is not known. Although CO is a
PDF
Album
Supp Info
Full Research Paper
Published 29 Jun 2016

Microscopic characterization of Fe nanoparticles formed on SrTiO3(001) and SrTiO3(110) surfaces

  • Miyoko Tanaka

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 817–824, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.73

Graphical Abstract
  • . Electrochemically etched tungsten tips were used. STM images are not highly resolved because vibration and sample drift cannot be completely eliminated due to the relatively non-rigid sample holders that need to be compatible to UTSICS and TEM. TEM images and TED patterns were taken with an acceleration voltage of
PDF
Album
Full Research Paper
Published 07 Jun 2016

Synthesis and applications of carbon nanomaterials for energy generation and storage

  • Marco Notarianni,
  • Jinzhang Liu,
  • Kristy Vernon and
  • Nunzio Motta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 149–196, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.17

Graphical Abstract
PDF
Album
Review
Published 01 Feb 2016

Linear and nonlinear optical properties of hybrid metallic–dielectric plasmonic nanoantennas

  • Mario Hentschel,
  • Bernd Metzger,
  • Bastian Knabe,
  • Karsten Buse and
  • Harald Giessen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 111–120, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.13

Graphical Abstract
  • , Utikal et al. [61] buried gold gratings within dielectric waveguides consisting of alumina, indium tin oxide, or tungsten trioxide, respectively, and studied the third harmonic spectra. They found that the overall signal is generated not only by the gold itself, but by the dielectric waveguide as well
PDF
Album
Full Research Paper
Published 26 Jan 2016

Blue and white light emission from zinc oxide nanoforests

  • Nafisa Noor,
  • Luca Lucera,
  • Thomas Capuano,
  • Venkata Manthina,
  • Alexander G. Agrios,
  • Helena Silva and
  • Ali Gokirmak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2463–2469, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.255

Graphical Abstract
  • , University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA 10.3762/bjnano.6.255 Abstract Blue and white light emission is observed when high voltage stress is applied using micrometer-separated tungsten probes across a nanoforest formed of ZnO nanorods. The optical spectrum of the emitted light consistently
  • distribution of the emitted light, with pink–orange regions identifying percolation paths in some cases and high intensity blue and white light with center to edge variations in others, indicate that multiple mechanisms lead to light emission. Under certain conditions, the tungsten probe tips used to make
  • electrical contact with the ZnO structures melt during the excitation, indicating that the local temperature can exceed 3422 °C, which is the melting temperature of tungsten. The distinct and narrow peaks in the optical spectra and the abrupt increase in current at high electric fields suggest that a plasma
PDF
Album
Supp Info
Full Research Paper
Published 23 Dec 2015

Controlled switching of single-molecule junctions by mechanical motion of a phenyl ring

  • Yuya Kitaguchi,
  • Satoru Habuka,
  • Hiroshi Okuyama,
  • Shinichiro Hatta,
  • Tetsuya Aruga,
  • Thomas Frederiksen,
  • Magnus Paulsson and
  • Hiromu Ueba

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2088–2095, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.213

Graphical Abstract
  • dehydrogenation as in the case of phenol. An electrochemically etched tungsten tip was used as an STM probe. The tips were repeatedly and gently touched to the Cu surface to coat them with copper, resulting in Cu-terminated tips for reliable switching [14]. We observed that sharp tips give high-contrast images
PDF
Album
Full Research Paper
Published 30 Oct 2015

Nitrogen-doped graphene films from chemical vapor deposition of pyridine: influence of process parameters on the electrical and optical properties

  • Andrea Capasso,
  • Theodoros Dikonimos,
  • Francesca Sarto,
  • Alessio Tamburrano,
  • Giovanni De Bellis,
  • Maria Sabrina Sarto,
  • Giuliana Faggio,
  • Angela Malara,
  • Giacomo Messina and
  • Nicola Lisi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2028–2038, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.206

Graphical Abstract
  • each sample and then averaged. Optical transmittance Transmittance spectra at normal incidence have been recorded in the 400–1100 nm wavelength range by a fiber optics spectrophotometer (HR4000CG-UV-NIR model by Ocean Optics), equipped with a tungsten halogen source and connected to the sample stage by
PDF
Album
Supp Info
Full Research Paper
Published 14 Oct 2015

Distribution of Pd clusters on ultrathin, epitaxial TiOx films on Pt3Ti(111)

  • Christian Breinlich,
  • Maria Buchholz,
  • Marco Moors,
  • Tobias Pertram,
  • Conrad Becker and
  • Klaus Wandelt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2007–2014, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.204

Graphical Abstract
  • a 0.5 mm tungsten wire and cleaned under ultra-high vacuum (UHV) conditions using voltage pulses of 10 ms duration between −10 and +10 V. The STM data were analysed with the WSxM freeware program [17]. The (111)-oriented Pt3Ti crystal was purchased from MaTeck (Jülich, Germany) and cleaned using
PDF
Album
Full Research Paper
Published 09 Oct 2015

The role of low-energy electrons in focused electron beam induced deposition: four case studies of representative precursors

  • Rachel M. Thorman,
  • Ragesh Kumar T. P.,
  • D. Howard Fairbrother and
  • Oddur Ingólfsson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1904–1926, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.194

Graphical Abstract
  • to previously performed gas phase and surface studies of four organometallic FEBID precursors: trimethyl(methylcyclopentadienyl)platinum(IV) (MeCpPtMe3) [15][20][21], tetrakis(trifluorophosphine)platinum(0) (Pt(PF3)4) [13][14][22][23], cobalt tricarbonyl nitrosyl (Co(CO)3NO) [10][24][25] and tungsten
  • best fit to the cross section for methane desorption from MeCpPtMe3 physisorbed on a gold surface (Z = 79) and the calculated PE energy dependence of the SE yield from tungsten (Z =74). The comparison with tungsten is chosen as its atomic number, which strongly influences the PE energy dependence of
  • . 4.3 Cobalt tricarbonyl nitrosyl; [Co(CO)3NO] and tungsten hexacarbonyl [W(CO)6] Cobalt tricarbonyl nitrosyl [Co(CO)3NO] was initially introduced in CVD as a liquid, easy-to-handle Co source. [76][77][78]. In CVD, Crawford et al. [78] reported an average composition of CoN0.5O0.9 with only traces of
PDF
Album
Review
Published 16 Sep 2015

A simple method for the determination of qPlus sensor spring constants

  • John Melcher,
  • Julian Stirling and
  • Gordon A. Shaw

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1733–1742, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.177

Graphical Abstract
  • is treated as a uniform cantilever the cross-section of which is rectangular with a triangular ridge (see Figure 1). The 50 μm tungsten wire tip is modeled as a rigid, slender rod extending from the center of the distal end of the beam with height H and axial offset B. Numerical values of the
  • . Results are calculated for the 50 μm tungsten wire tip and a hypothetical massless tip. ψ is shown to have strong geometric dependence on H/L in Equation 4, a weak dependence on B/L, and a weak implicit dependence on the mass and rotational inertia of the tip. The governing PDE (Equation 3) can be reduced
  • both a massless tip and a 50 μm tungsten wire tip with H = 400 μm. For the massless tip, the true spring constant is about 3% stiffer than the approximation. The addition of the tip mass actually shifts the true spring constant closer to the approximate value. For a 400 μm tip height, kz is only 1.5
PDF
Album
Full Research Paper
Published 14 Aug 2015

Formation of pure Cu nanocrystals upon post-growth annealing of Cu–C material obtained from focused electron beam induced deposition: comparison of different methods

  • Aleksandra Szkudlarek,
  • Alfredo Rodrigues Vaz,
  • Yucheng Zhang,
  • Andrzej Rudkowski,
  • Czesław Kapusta,
  • Rolf Erni,
  • Stanislav Moshkalev and
  • Ivo Utke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1508–1517, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.156

Graphical Abstract
  • nanocrystals being dispersed inside and on top of the carbonaceous matrix. Experimental FEBID The experiments were performed using a Hitachi 3600 scanning electron microscope (SEM) with a tungsten filament. The precursors were filled into their reservoirs inside a glove box in argon or dry nitrogen atmosphere
PDF
Album
Supp Info
Correction
Full Research Paper
Published 13 Jul 2015

Transformations of PTCDA structures on rutile TiO2 induced by thermal annealing and intermolecular forces

  • Szymon Godlewski,
  • Jakub S. Prauzner-Bechcicki,
  • Thilo Glatzel,
  • Ernst Meyer and
  • Marek Szymoński

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1498–1507, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.155

Graphical Abstract
  • measurements, the sample was cooled to approximately 100 K using a flow cryostat, and the STM imaging was performed in a constant current mode at positive bias voltages (empty state imaging) with etched tungsten tips used as probes. For image processing and STM data analysis, WSxM software was used [42
PDF
Album
Full Research Paper
Published 10 Jul 2015

Enhanced fullerene–Au(111) coupling in (2√3 × 2√3)R30° superstructures with intermolecular interactions

  • Michael Paßens,
  • Rainer Waser and
  • Silvia Karthäuser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1421–1431, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.147

Graphical Abstract
  • commercial Createc STM (Germany) operated in ultra-high vacuum (UHV) with a base pressure of 1 × 10−10 mbar. All STM images were obtained in constant-current mode at 77 K sample temperature using a custom-made electrochemically etched tungsten tips. The dI/dV spectra were recorded through lock-in detection
PDF
Album
Full Research Paper
Published 29 Jun 2015

Nano-contact microscopy of supracrystals

  • Adam Sweetman,
  • Nicolas Goubet,
  • Ioannis Lekkas,
  • Marie Paule Pileni and
  • Philip Moriarty

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1229–1236, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.126

Graphical Abstract
  • etched tungsten wire glued to one tine of the tuning fork were first prepared on clean Si(111)-(7 × 7) samples by standard STM techniques before imaging of the nanocrystal samples. During imaging of the supracrystal surface, spontaneous and regular tip changes were observed, thus it is possible that the
PDF
Album
Supp Info
Full Research Paper
Published 29 May 2015
Other Beilstein-Institut Open Science Activities