Electrospun one-dimensional nanostructures: a new horizon for gas sensing materials

• Muhammad Imran,
• Nunzio Motta and
• Mahnaz Shafiei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2128–2170, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.202

Synthesis of a MnO₂/Fe₃O₄/diatomite nanocomposite as an efficient heterogeneous Fenton-like catalyst for methylene blue degradation

• Zishun Li,
• Xuekun Tang,
• Kun Liu,
• Jing Huang,
• Yueyang Xu,
• Qian Peng and
• Minlin Ao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1940–1950, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.185

• energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectrum and elemental mappings for O, Si, Fe and Mn elements, respectively. It can be found that all the elements are evenly distributed on the diatomite, and the calculated atomic fractions of Fe and Mn are 3.63% and 10.96%, respectively. All these results confirm the

• organic pollutants. XRD patterns of the purified diatomite and the prepared diatomite-supported composites. FTIR spectra of the purified diatomite and prepared diatomite-supported composites. The SEM images of diatomite (a), Fe3O4/diatomite (b, d), MnO2/Fe3O4/diatomite (c and e), EDX spectrum (f) and

A differential Hall effect measurement method with sub-nanometre resolution for active dopant concentration profiling in ultrathin doped Si_1−xGe_x and Si layers

• Richard Daubriac,
• Emmanuel Scheid,
• Hiba Rizk,
• Richard Monflier,
• Sylvain Joblot,
• Rémi Beneyton,
• Pablo Acosta Alba,
• Sébastien Kerdilès and
• Filadelfo Cristiano

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1926–1939, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.184

• the top Si/BOX interfaces in correspondence of the maximum slope of the oxygen signal. The position of the SiO2/Si interfaces determined in this way (1.2 nm and 1.6 nm below the surface for the DSA- and RTA-annealed wafers, respectively) are in perfect agreement with those found by STEM-EDX

Synthesis of carbon nanowalls from a single-source metal-organic precursor

• André Giese,
• Sebastian Schipporeit,
• Volker Buck and
• Nicolas Wöhrl

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1895–1905, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.181

• found nanocrystalline Al3C4 clusters by TEM measurements in our CNWs that were measured to be of 30 nm in size [23]. In addition to the AES measurements, EDX measurements were carried out on the CNWs to identify additional trace elements in the carbon structures (Figure 11). Besides the already measured

• diffusion into account [18]. The surface diffusion depends on the particle energies and the substrate material. In addition, defects in the grown structures are discussed as additional nucleation sites at higher particle energies resulting in the highest density of CNWs on our substrates. AES and EDX

• triangles: data points taken from [34]. Heights of CNWs as a function of process parameters and substrate material. a) SEM image of the curled CNWs and corresponding b) carbon and c) aluminium mappings, as measured by Auger electron spectroscopy. EDX spectrum of CNWs on stainless steel (Fe, Cr). Besides

Synthesis of rare-earth metal and rare-earth metal-fluoride nanoparticles in ionic liquids and propylene carbonate

• Marvin Siebels,
• Lukas Mai,
• Laura Schmolke,
• Kai Schütte,
• Juri Barthel,
• Junpei Yue,
• Jörg Thomas,
• Bernd M. Smarsly,
• Anjana Devi,
• Roland A. Fischer and
• Christoph Janiak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1881–1894, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.180

• diameters of (1.5 ± 0.5) to (5 ± 1) nm. The characterization was completed by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Keywords: ionic liquids; metal amidinates; rare-earth metal-fluoride nanoparticles; rare-earth metal nanoparticles; soft wet-chemical synthesis; Introduction Rare-earth (RE) elements

• -NPs (Figure 2) were assigned by selected area electron diffraction (SAED). The characterization was completed by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX, in combination with TEM) for the qualitative element composition. EDX spectroscopy (Figure 3 and Figures S5b, S6c, Supporting Information File 1

• crystallinity of the RE-NPs was confirmed by SAED and gave the expected reflections for elemental Gd and Er (Figure 7 and Figure S7b, Supporting Information File 1). Due to the very small size of the Gd and Er particles a meaningful PXRD pattern could not be obtained. Characterization by EDX (Figure 7 and

SO₂ gas adsorption on carbon nanomaterials: a comparative study

• Deepu J. Babu,
• Divya Puthusseri,
• Frank G. Kühl,
• Sherif Okeil,
• Michael Bruns,
• Manfred Hampe and
• Jörg J. Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1782–1792, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.169

• present as characterized by TG, TEM, XPS and EDX (the remaining material being carbon materials such as fullerene fragments and graphite particles). SWNTs and MWNTs were obtained from NanoLab, Inc. MA, USA. According to the manufacturer, MWNTs have a purity of >95%, with an outer diameter of 15 ± 5 nm

Uniform cobalt nanoparticles embedded in hexagonal mesoporous nanoplates as a magnetically separable, recyclable adsorbent

• Can Zhao,
• Yuexiao Song,
• Tianyu Xiang,
• Wenxiu Qu,
• Shuo Lou,
• Xiaohong Yin and
• Feng Xin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1770–1781, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.168

• were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM, ZEISS, Germany) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM, JEM-2100F, Japan). Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis was recorded via an EDX spectrometer attached to the SEM. The functional groups on the surface of the samples were measured by FTIR

• LDH and LDH@PDA-2.5 composite; SEM images of NPL samples prepared at different DA concentrations and carbonization temperatures; EDX spectrum, elemental analysis from EDX data, AFM image and HAADF-STEM images of the NPLs-2.5-800 sample; textural and magnetic properties of the as-prepared samples

Nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes coated with zinc oxide nanoparticles as sulfur encapsulator for high-performance lithium/sulfur batteries

• Yan Zhao,
• Zhengjun Liu,
• Liancheng Sun,
• Yongguang Zhang,
• Yuting Feng,
• Xin Wang,
• Indira Kurmanbayeva and
• Zhumabay Bakenov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1677–1685, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.159

• 10 nm (Figure 3c), which is consistent with the results of our previous research [13]. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) also confirms the presence and even distribution of C, Zn, O and N in ZnO@NCNT (Figure 3d–g). The crystal lattice fringes with a d-spacing of 0.26 and 0.25 nm were

• (Figure 4). These images show that, although there are some large ZnO particles, the NCNT walls are coated by fine ZnO particles. Moreover, the EDX mapping confirms the successful loading and homogeneous distribution of S in the composite (Figure 4f). As can be seen from Figure 4g, the S/ZnO@NCNT

• a battery testing system (Neware, Shenzhen) in the potential range of 1–3 V vs Li/Li+. XRD patterns of S, ZnO@NCNT and S/ZnO@NCNT composite. TGA curve of the S/ZnO@NCNT composite. (a) HRTEM image; (b) SAED patterns; (c) TEM image; (d–g) EDX mapping images of the ZnO@NCNT composite. (a) SEM image; (b

Friction force microscopy of tribochemistry and interfacial ageing for the SiO_x/Si/Au system

• Christiane Petzold,
• Marcus Koch and
• Roland Bennewitz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1647–1658, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.157

• (lattice spacing of 2.4 Å in the Au layer and 1.9 Å in the Si bulk are indicated in Figure 7c,d). The Au coating consisted of crystal grains of different orientation. Tip wear proceeded through the Au coating and the SiOx layer (Figure 7a). Low amounts of Cr were detected by EDX analysis, especially in the

• similar results for silicon in UHV, probably without significant oxidation. Precise determination of the chemical composition in nanometer-sized regions of the tip apex lamella by EDX or from scattering results in TEM remains a challenge, in particular as the sample is exposed to air during preparation

Correlative electrochemical strain and scanning electron microscopy for local characterization of the solid state electrolyte Li_1.3Al_0.3Ti_1.7(PO₄)₃

• Nino Schön,
• Deniz Cihan Gunduz,
• Shicheng Yu,
• Hermann Tempel,
• Roland Schierholz and
• Florian Hausen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1564–1572, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.148

• work, we employ multiple microscopy techniques to gain local chemical and structural information paired with local insights into the Li-ion conductivity based on electrochemical strain microscopy (ESM). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) have been applied

• combine the strengths of two microscopy techniques: SEM in combination with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and ESM as an AFM-based technique. Both techniques are consecutively employed at identical regions of interest on LATP samples. Hence, chemical information, as detected by EDX, and

• . The largest grains are about 20 µm2 in size while the typical grain size is on the order of 1 µm2. As the surface was polished, the observed contrast in color cannot be related to topographical effects, but rather indicates the existence of a secondary phase. This finding becomes evident in EDX

Ag₂WO₄ nanorods decorated with AgI nanoparticles: Novel and efficient visible-light-driven photocatalysts for the degradation of water pollutants

• Shijie Li,
• Shiwei Hu,
• Wei Jiang,
• Yanping Liu,
• Yu Liu,
• Yingtang Zhou,
• Liuye Mo and
• Jianshe Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1308–1316, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.123

• Abstract To develop efficient and stable visible-light-driven (VLD) photocatalysts for pollutant degradation, we synthesized novel heterojunction photocatalysts comprised of AgI nanoparticle-decorated Ag2WO4 nanorods via a facile method. Various characterization techniques, including XRD, SEM, TEM, EDX

• Ag2WO4 can be distinguished, which is in accordance with the previous reports [40]. In addition, the composition of 0.3AgI/Ag2WO4 was further identified by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). As shown in Figure 3, 0.3AgI/Ag2WO4 is composed of Ag, I, W and O elements. The results further confirm

• scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM, Hitachi S–4800) and a high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM, JEOL JEM–2010F). Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy coupled with SEM was employed to identify the chemical composition of the sample. UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectra (UV–vis DRS

A novel copper precursor for electron beam induced deposition

• Caspar Haverkamp,
• George Sarau,
• Mikhail N. Polyakov,
• Ivo Utke,
• Marcos V. Puydinger dos Santos,
• Silke Christiansen and
• Katja Höflich

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1220–1227, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.113

• in our case the deposition rate was precursor-limited. In Figure 1c the spectra energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) on the pristine precursor, on the deposits, and on pure copper for reference are shown. The determination of the composition of the precursor was challenging since the precursor

• atom %:70 atom %. The EDX measured copper content was 7% above the stoichiometry value, likely due to the simultaneously decomposition under electron beam impact. For EDX on a deposit, the pad thickness was chosen such that the spectrum shows no signal from the silicon substrate, therefore the complete

• nm, resembling well the structure of the 2D deposit. The average EDX signal from nanopillars gives a composition of 26 atom % Cu, 13 atom % O and 61 atom % C. Hence, the retrieved mean value for the refractive index may serve as a meaningful estimation to simulate the optical properties of an array

Magnetic characterization of cobalt nanowires and square nanorings fabricated by focused electron beam induced deposition

• Federico Venturi,
• Gian Carlo Gazzadi,
• Amir H. Tavabi,
• Alberto Rota,
• Rafal E. Dunin-Borkowski and
• Stefano Frabboni

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1040–1049, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.97

• secondary electron generation by the primary beam interacting with the Si substrate, which is thicker and denser than the C substrate. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) provided measured compositions that depended on the substrate and deposition energy. A spectrum recorded from the bare substrate

• value of 4.3 rad. The measurements confirm that deposition at 5 keV results in a stronger magnetic signal than deposition at 15 keV. This difference results in part from the 5–10% higher relative content of Co for the 5 keV depositions, which was revealed using EDX analysis and is consistent with

Single-crystalline FeCo nanoparticle-filled carbon nanotubes: synthesis, structural characterization and magnetic properties

• Rasha Ghunaim,
• Maik Scholz,
• Christine Damm,
• Bernd Rellinghaus,
• Rüdiger Klingeler,
• Bernd Büchner,
• Michael Mertig and
• Silke Hampel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1024–1034, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.95

• fills the CNTs. Characterization All samples were routinely investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with a Nova 200 NanoSEM from FEI Company operated at 15 kV and combined with energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analyzer (AMETEK). The SEM samples were prepared by placing a thin film of the sample

• equipped with an EDX analyzer (AMETEK, Oxford). The TEM samples were prepared by adding a few drops of the sample suspension in acetone on a copper grid with a carbon coating on one side. The crystal structure of the magnetic nanoparticles inside the CNT was identified using an X’Pert Pro MPD PW3040/60 X

• aspect ratio values. The expected stoichiometry of 1:1 for the binary alloys was confirmed by EDX measurements, in which the EDX analyzer was attached to both the SEM and TEM. In SEM-EDX, the stoichiometry was obtained by measuring the relative ratio of the individual elements over an analyzed area of

Enzymatically promoted release of organic molecules linked to magnetic nanoparticles

• Chiara Lambruschini,
• Silvia Villa,
• Luca Banfi,
• Fabio Canepa,
• Fabio Morana,
• Annalisa Relini,
• Paola Riani,
• Renata Riva and
• Fulvio Silvetti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 986–999, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.92

• , an FE-SEM image of NP@APTES nanoparticles is presented. The diameter distribution histogram, evaluated over 200 NPs, is also given. EDX analysis confirms the presence of the expected elements in the nanostructures, namely iron, silicon, and oxygen. The Cu and C peaks are related to the lacey carbon

• ) EDX spectrum of NP@APTES. C) FE-SEM image of NP@silica@APTES. D) The diameter distribution of NP@APTES from ≈200 NPs. E) The diameter distribution of NP@silica@APTES from ≈200 NPs. Thermogravimetric analysis profiles for precursor NP@APTES nanoparticles and for conjugate 9 (A) and 13 (B). A

Towards the third dimension in direct electron beam writing of silver

• Katja Höflich,
• Jakub Mateusz Jurczyk,
• Katarzyna Madajska,
• Maximilian Götz,
• Luisa Berger,
• Carlos Guerra-Nuñez,
• Caspar Haverkamp,
• Iwona Szymanska and
• Ivo Utke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 842–849, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.78

• whole deposition series. High-resolution scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) was performed using a Hitachi S 4800 equipped with an EDAX silicon drift detector (SSD). EDX data acquisition was performed for acceleration voltages of 8 and 12 kV using a

• STRATAGem thin film analysis. This allowed for the quantification of the atomic composition inside the deposit excluding the signal contribution from the substrate. Since carbon deposition due to residual background gases always occurs during EDX signal acquisition, this carbon content was determined using

• precursor flux is slightly lower. The square deposits show the earlier observed surface roughness for both of the precursors. The corresponding EDX quantification points to an even higher silver content in case of the AgO2F5Prop precursor, while the small amount of oxygen is comparable. The determined

Heavy-metal detectors based on modified ferrite nanoparticles

• Urszula Klekotka,
• Ewelina Wińska,
• Elżbieta Zambrzycka-Szelewa,
• Dariusz Satuła and
• Beata Kalska-Szostko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 762–770, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.69

• (AAS) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) as comparative techniques. The performed study shows that SA linker appears to be the most effective in the adsorption of heavy metals. Moreover, regarding the influence of the composition of the inorganic core on the detection ability, the most effective ferrite

• ions from liquids, aqueous model solutions were prepared. The solutions and particles were analyzed by IR spectroscopy, EDX and AAS measurements after the tests. For this purpose, approx. 8 mg of surface-modified nanoparticles were added to a 0.1 M aqueous solution of Pb2+, Cu2+ and Cd2+. This mixture

• . Therefore, ferrite nanoparticles were added to the aqueous heavy-metal solutions and stirred. The liquids were separated from the solid particles, which were dried at room temperature. Powdered samples after the adsorption experiment were examined by EDX and the results are given in Figure 7. It can be seen

Cyclodextrin-assisted synthesis of tailored mesoporous silica nanoparticles

• Fuat Topuz and
• Tamer Uyar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 693–703, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.64

• HP groups. These molecules do not aggregate like β-CD, which might affect the particle formation, and eventually lead to the particles in different shapes and pore structures. For detailed analysis of the faceted particles, TEM, STEM and EDX analyses were performed. Figure 3f shows the TEM images of

• shape. EDX analysis of particles demonstrated the presence of carbon in addition to oxygen and silicone, suggesting physical attachment of CDs. FTIR was used to confirm adsorbed CDs on silica particles (Figure S1b, Supporting Information File 1). The peaks at 2860 and 2930 cm−1 are associated with the C

• . 100 particles from SEM images using ImageJ software (NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA). Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) was used to determine the elemental composition of the MSN samples at 30 kV and 4.5 mA. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM, FEI Tecnai G2F30) analysis was performed on the

Optimisation of purification techniques for the preparation of large-volume aqueous solar nanoparticle inks for organic photovoltaics

• Furqan Almyahi,
• Thomas R. Andersen,
• Nathan A. Cooling,
• Natalie P. Holmes,
• Matthew J. Griffith,
• Krishna Feron,
• Xiaojing Zhou,
• Warwick J. Belcher and
• Paul C. Dastoor

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 649–659, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.60

• ultrafiltration, the ASNP films with dilution factors of 1.6 × 104, 9.8 × 106 and 6.1 × 109 all show aggregates on their surfaces (Figure 4A–C). These aggregates were analysed by energy dispersion X-ray spectroscopy (EDX, Supporting Information File 1, Figure S4). It is evident that the aggregates on the surfaces

• accelerating voltage of 2 kV and magnification ranges of 10,000–100,000×), with concurrent energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) measurements. For SEM, NP films were coated on conductive silicon substrates by spin coating, where 2.5 µL of NP ink was diluted in 12.5 µL of water and spun at 3000 rpm speed

Sensing behavior of flower-shaped MoS₂ nanoflakes: case study with methanol and xylene

• Maryam Barzegar,
• Masoud Berahman and
• Azam Iraji zad

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 608–615, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.57

• for several times and then dried under vacuum at 45 °C overnight. Characterization X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns were obtained with an X-ray diffractometer (Shimadzu XRD-6000, Cu Kα radiation) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectra and sample morphology were characterized by field-emission

• higher magnification in Figure 2b. As shown in the micrographs, flower-like particles are grown from few stacking nanoflakes with almost 20 nm thickness. To further investigate the quality of these growth structures, EDX data were obtained. Figure 3 shows an S to Mo atomic ratio of about 1.87, indicating

• coincides well with the experimental results of this study. The X-ray diffraction pattern of flower-shaped MoS2 nanoflakes synthesized by the hydrothermal method. FE-SEM micrographs of flower-shaped MoS2 nanoflakes synthesized via the hydrothermal method. EDX analysis of MoS2 nanoflake powder as prepared by

Electron interactions with the heteronuclear carbonyl precursor H₂FeRu₃(CO)₁₃ and comparison with HFeCo₃(CO)₁₂: from fundamental gas phase and surface science studies to focused electron beam induced deposition

• Ragesh Kumar T P,
• Paul Weirich,
• Lukas Hrachowina,
• Marc Hanefeld,
• Ragnar Bjornsson,
• Helgi Rafn Hrodmarsson,
• Sven Barth,
• D. Howard Fairbrother,
• Michael Huth and
• Oddur Ingólfsson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 555–579, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.53

Synthesis and characterization of electrospun molybdenum dioxide–carbon nanofibers as sulfur matrix additives for rechargeable lithium–sulfur battery applications

• Ruiyuan Zhuang,
• Shanshan Yao,
• Maoxiang Jing,
• Xiangqian Shen,
• Jun Xiang,
• Tianbao Li,
• Kesong Xiao and
• Shibiao Qin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 262–270, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.28

• –CNFs was performed by TEM. Figure 3g shows a typical TEM photograph of the nanostructures, displaying MoO2 nanoparticles decorated with carbon nanofibers. The elemental EDX of MoO2–CNFs depicted in Figure 3h indicates the presence of elemental Mo, O, C and Cu. The Cu signal comes from the Cu grid. The

• examined with energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy and elemental mapping attached to the HRTEM operating at 200 kV. The adsorption ability was determined by preparing a Li2S6 solution through the addition of Li2S to sulfur at the molar ratio of 1:5 in tetrahydrofuran (THF) under stirring. The

• PAN/PMA fabric. SEM images of (b) as-prepared PAN/PMA composite fibers, (c-–f) fibers calcined at 550 °C, 650 °C, 750 °C and 850 °C. (g) TEM image of MoO2–CNF calcined at 850 °C. (h) EDX elemental line analysis and (i) HRTEM image of MoO2–CNFs. SEM image of (a) pure sulfur, (b) MoO2–CNF/sulfur

BN/Ag hybrid nanomaterials with petal-like surfaces as catalysts and antibacterial agents

• Konstantin L. Firestein,
• Denis V. Leybo,
• Alexander E. Steinman,
• Andrey M. Kovalskii,
• Andrei T. Matveev,
• Anton M. Manakhov,
• Irina V. Sukhorukova,
• Pavel V. Slukin,
• Nadezda K. Fursova,
• Sergey G. Ignatov,
• Dmitri V. Golberg and
• Dmitry V. Shtansky

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 250–261, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.27

• vapours, and (ii) ultraviolet (UV) decomposition of AgNO3 in a suspension of BN NPs. The hybrid microstructures were studied by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), high-angular dark field scanning TEM imaging paired with energy dispersion X-ray (EDX) mapping, X-ray photoelectron

• . HADF-STEM and spatially-resolved EDX mapping (Figure 2) demonstrate that the surface of BN NPs is densely populated with Ag NPs. Thorough structural characterization of individual Ag NPs revealed their fine structure. The HRTEM images of individual Ag NPs are depicted in Figure 2c and 2f. The particles

• NH surfaces can be simply estimated from TEM images using a secant method. Our estimates show that the surface area for Ag NPs per g of silver increases from 2.7 × 105 cm2/g for UV BN/Ag HNMs to 4.3 × 105 cm2/g for CVD BN/Ag HNMs. Elemental composition of BN/Ag HNMs was determined by EDX analysis and

Gas-assisted silver deposition with a focused electron beam

• Luisa Berger,
• Katarzyna Madajska,
• Iwona B. Szymanska,
• Katja Höflich,
• Mikhail N. Polyakov,
• Jakub Jurczyk,
• Carlos Guerra-Nuñez and
• Ivo Utke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 224–232, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.24

• diameter was chosen. For precise positioning, the GIS was fixed inside the chamber on a three-axis stage. The GIS was positioned at 200 µm lateral distance to the deposit and approximately 2 mm above the substrate. High resolution scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX

• the k-ratios of each element were determined. The atomic composition of the deposit was calculated with the SAMx STRATAGem thin-film analysis software. Although this software corrects the EDX for the thin film geometry it does not take into account the porosity (open granularity) of the film. However

• performed with the CASINO v3.3 software. All graphical data was further processed with Origin® 2015. A JEOL JEM2200fs with a JEOL EX-24065JGT EDX detector was used for transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Selected area electron diffraction (SAED) pattern indexing was performed using the CSpot software

Bombyx mori silk/titania/gold hybrid materials for photocatalytic water splitting: combining renewable raw materials with clean fuels

• Stefanie Krüger,
• Michael Schwarze,
• Otto Baumann,
• Christina Günter,
• Michael Bruns,
• Christian Kübel,
• Dorothée Vinga Szabó,
• Rafael Meinusch,
• Verónica de Zea Bermudez and
• Andreas Taubert

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 187–204, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.21

• were done on a Tecnai F20 ST (FEI, Eindhoven, The Netherlands) field emission TEM equipped with an Orius SC600 CCD-camera and a S-UTW EDX detector (EDAX, Mahwah, NJ, USA) operated at 200 kV. For EDXS the instrument was in scanning transmission mode and the α-tilt of the samples was set to 20°. Scanning

• observed in the HRTEM images (white circles). FFT analysis of the HRTEM image shows a series of reflections that can be assigned to Au and different TiO2 modifications (brookite and anatase), which are also identified by XRD (Table S2, Supporting Information File 1). Rutile cannot be detected. The EDX

• brookite are present in the sample. The corresponding EDX spectra prove the presence of Au and Ti. Figure 4 shows representative XRD patterns of the hybrid materials. All patterns are essentially identical and exhibit a series of broad reflections that can be assigned to anatase (ICDD 98-015-4602). Only