A novel polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane-modified layered double hydroxide: preparation, characterization and properties

• Xianwei Zhang,
• Zhongzhu Ma,
• Hong Fan,
• Carla Bittencourt,
• Jintao Wan and
• Philippe Dubois

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 3053–3068, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.284

• , these peaks in the brucite-like lattice show a small shift toward higher binding energies, probably arising from the interferences of OCPS intercalators. A similar phenomenon has been reported before in the case of carbon black nanoparticles modified Ni–Fe LDH [31]. XRD The XRD patterns of NLDH and OLDH

Colloidal chemistry with patchy silica nanoparticles

• Pierre-Etienne Rouet,
• Cyril Chomette,
• Laurent Adumeau,
• Etienne Duguet and
• Serge Ravaine

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2989–2998, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.278

• calculated based on a minimum of 500 nanoparticles per batch using the following equation: where and are the number-average and the weight-average diameter, respectively, and ni is the number of particles of diameter Di. Synthesis of the Au@SiO2 nanoparticles Gold nanoparticles of 14 ± 2 nm were prepared

Investigation of CVD graphene as-grown on Cu foil using simultaneous scanning tunneling/atomic force microscopy

• Majid Fazeli Jadidi,
• Umut Kamber,
• Oğuzhan Gürlü and
• H. Özgür Özer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2953–2959, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.274

• two main groups, i.e., “strongly bonded” and “weakly bonded”. Graphene–Ni, graphene–Co and graphene–Rh are classified as strongly bonded and others such as graphene–Cu, graphene–Au and graphene–Ir are classified as weakly bonded. Moreover, graphene–metal interaction can result in a lattice-matched

Site-controlled formation of single Si nanocrystals in a buried SiO₂ matrix using ion beam mixing

• Xiaomo Xu,
• Thomas Prüfer,
• Daniel Wolf,
• Hans-Jürgen Engelmann,
• Lothar Bischoff,
• René Hübner,
• Karl-Heinz Heinig,
• Wolfhard Möller,
• Stefan Facsko,
• Johannes von Borany and
• Gregor Hlawacek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2883–2892, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.267

• predefined number Ni of incident ions, being related to the cross section according to where n(x) denotes the local atomic density. Thus, the mixing efficiency results as where xi and xf denote the initial and final depths, respectively, of each recoil generated within Δx. In Figure 4a the so obtained depth

Graphene-enhanced metal oxide gas sensors at room temperature: a review

• Dongjin Sun,
• Yifan Luo,
• Marc Debliquy and
• Chao Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2832–2844, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.264

• on the substrate with Ni/Cu IDEs to fabricate the CuO–rGO sensor. The CuO–rGO sensor showed a three-times higher sensitivity to CO and faster response/recovery time than the rGO sensor, while the pure CuO sensor showed no response to CO at room temperature. The p–p junctions constituted between p

• sensor sensitivity to the Ni–O–C bonds formed at the interfaces of NiO nanoparticles and graphene sheets. The NO2 molecules capture electrons from the surface of NiO nanoparticles when the sensor is exposed to NO2. More and more electrons are transferred from graphene to NiO by Ni–O–C bonds because of

Oriented zinc oxide nanorods: A novel saturable absorber for lasers in the near-infrared

• Pavel Loiko,
• Tanujjal Bora,
• Josep Maria Serres,
• Haohai Yu,
• Magdalena Aguiló,
• Francesc Díaz,
• Uwe Griebner,
• Valentin Petrov,
• Xavier Mateos and
• Joydeep Dutta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2730–2740, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.255

• , where M = Co, Mn, Ni or Cu). The energy levels of the intrinsic defects are located between the valence and conduction bands and have different ionization energies ranging from ≈0.05 to 2.8 eV [10]. Various emissions (fluorescence) in the visible (green, yellow and red) originating from the defects in

Enhanced antineoplastic/therapeutic efficacy using 5-fluorouracil-loaded calcium phosphate nanoparticles

• Shanid Mohiyuddin,
• Saba Naqvi and
• Gopinath Packirisamy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2499–2515, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.233

• diffractometer using Ni-filtered Cu Kα radiation with a typical scan speed of 0.05 °/min in the range of 2θ = 5–90°. Transmission electron microscopy The surface and internal morphology as well as the size of CaP@5-FU NPs were visualised by TEM. A small drop of the aqueous dispersed CaP@5-FU NPs with the

Nanocellulose: Recent advances and its prospects in environmental remediation

• Katrina Pui Yee Shak,
• Yean Ling Pang and
• Shee Keat Mah

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2479–2498, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.232

• functional groups usually induce a high adsorption rate at low pH while a decrease in the adsorption uptake capacity is observed in medium with pH above 8. The aminopropyltriethoxysilane modified MFC’s affinity for different metal ions follows the order of Cd(II) > Cu(II) > Ni(II) [90]. The modified

Hydrothermal-derived carbon as a stabilizing matrix for improved cycling performance of silicon-based anodes for lithium-ion full cells

• Mirco Ruttert,
• Florian Holtstiege,
• Jessica Hüsker,
• Markus Börner,
• Martin Winter and
• Tobias Placke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2381–2395, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.223

• electronic conductivity. Besides carbon-based matrices, intermetallic, silicide phases consisting of Si and different metals, such as Mg [42][43], Fe [40], Cr [44] or Ni [39][45] are the most prominent representatives of this approach. There is a vast amount of publications focusing on carbon/silicon

Magnetism and magnetoresistance of single Ni–Cu alloy nanowires

• Andreea Costas,
• Camelia Florica,
• Elena Matei,
• Maria Eugenia Toimil-Molares,
• Ionel Stavarache,
• Andrei Kuncser,
• Victor Kuncser and
• Ionut Enculescu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2345–2355, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.219

• University of Bucharest, Faculty of Physics, PO Box MG-11, 077125, Magurele-Bucharest, Romania 10.3762/bjnano.9.219 Abstract Arrays of magnetic Ni–Cu alloy nanowires with different compositions were prepared by a template-replication technique using electrochemical deposition into polycarbonate nanoporous

• measurements made on single Ni–Cu alloy nanowires of different compositions have been reported and discussed in detail. A direct methodology for transforming the magnetoresistance data into the corresponding magnetic hysteresis loops was proposed, opening new possibilities for an easy magnetic investigation of

• single magnetic nanowires in the peculiar cases of Stoner–Wohlfarth-like magnetization reversal mechanisms. The magnetic parameters of single Ni–Cu nanowires of different Ni content have been estimated and discussed by the interpretation of the as derived magnetic hysteresis loops via micromagnetic

Intrinsic ultrasmall nanoscale silicon turns n-/p-type with SiO₂/Si₃N₄-coating

• Dirk König,
• Daniel Hiller,
• Noël Wilck,
• Birger Berghoff,
• Merlin Müller,
• Sangeeta Thakur,
• Giovanni Di Santo,
• Luca Petaccia,
• Joachim Mayer,
• Sean Smith and
• Joachim Knoch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2255–2264, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.210

• . Ni source/drain contacts are considered to yield effective Schottky-barriers of −0.05 eV for hole-injection into the Si-NWire valence band. Figure 8c shows drain-current versus gate-voltage characteristics of device I and II for an underlap of lcon = 5 nm. The SiO2 gate insulator yields a built-in

• ) in particular at the gate-channel/gate-underlap interface and at the Ni–contact–Si interfaces, both depending on lcon (see Supporting Information File 1). Without the energy shift caused by Si3N4-coatings in source/drain, we obtain substantially higher Schottky-barriers for device II, resulting in

• mismatch of Ni to the valence band of the SiO2-coated Si-NWire would lead to a further massive deterioration of the on-state performance of device II. (c) Transfer characteristics of device type I (black) and II (red) for VDS = 0.5 V, contact length lcon = 5 nm; the graph contains remaining parameters. The

Electrospun one-dimensional nanostructures: a new horizon for gas sensing materials

• Muhammad Imran,
• Nunzio Motta and
• Mahnaz Shafiei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2128–2170, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.202

• /NTs have been doped by alkaline earth (Ae) metals [86], lanthanides (Yb, Sr, Ce) [4][8][177], rare earth metals (Pr) [7], transition metals (Fe, Y, Ni) [5][178][179], copper [180], Pd [172] and Al [181]. In addition, NPs have been doped with Pt [153], Ag [157], Ca2+/Au [146][153][154] and LaOCl [182

• than 3 s, respectively [186]. Ni-doped SnO2 NFs are converted from solid to hollow NFs by tuning the heating rate. When the heating rate is as low as 2 °C/min, SnO2 NFs with solid cores are formed. Increasing the heating rate to 5 °C/min, a fraction of SnO2 NFs with hollow cores was formed. When the

• heating rate is as high as 10 °C/min, most of the SnO2 NFs are hollow. Ni-doped SnO2 NFs show diameters in the range 120 nm to 200 nm. The maximum response to acetone for these NFs is at 340 °C. By increasing the doping concentration of Ni in the range 0–10 atom %, response values are increased from 11.8

Metal-free catalysis based on nitrogen-doped carbon nanomaterials: a photoelectron spectroscopy point of view

• Mattia Scardamaglia and
• Carla Bittencourt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2015–2031, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.191

• candidates are the less expensive transition metals (Co, Ni, Fe, Mo) and their alloys [5]. However, these metals suffer from inherent corrosion and susceptibility to oxidation which limit their use in acidic electrolytic environments. The most common poisoning agent is CO, which inhibits the dissociative

• catalyst (Figure 9b). Different groups calculated by using DFT the energy barriers for oxygen molecule adsorption and dissociation on pristine and N-doped graphene depending on the nitrogen configuration [21][60][110][111][112]. Ni and co-workers [111], in particular, found that the energy barrier

• electron. The inset shows the ARPES intensity of an N-graphene/Au/Ni(111) system at the K-point of the Brillouin zone, measured after nitrogen conversion in the ΓK direction at a temperature of 40 K. Reprinted with permission from [99], copyright 2014 American Chemical Society. N 1s core level spectra for

Recent highlights in nanoscale and mesoscale friction

• Andrea Vanossi,
• Dirk Dietzel,
• Andre Schirmeisen,
• Ernst Meyer,
• Rémy Pawlak,
• Thilo Glatzel,
• Marcin Kisiel,
• Shigeki Kawai and
• Nicola Manini

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1995–2014, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.190

• , nitrogen, and air [78]. In addition, the shear strength and the interface adhesion energy for graphene on Si/SiO2 was proven to always exceed those of the graphene/Ni(111) interface [78]. The weakly lattice-mismatched graphite/hBN interface is also predicted to be promising for ultra-low-friction

Defect formation in multiwalled carbon nanotubes under low-energy He and Ne ion irradiation

• Santhana Eswara,
• Jean-Nicolas Audinot,
• Brahime El Adib,
• Maël Guennou,
• Tom Wirtz and
• Patrick Philipp

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1951–1963, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.186

• carbon-based materials. It has been used to study the influence of the twist angle in combination with defects of bi-layered graphene on the Raman peaks [25], to correlate ion irradiation to the number of defects and the change in elastic modulus [7], the comparison of C+ and Ni+ ion irradiation for

• pristine samples similar to ours were observed by Lehtinen et al. for so-called bamboo MWCNTs [21], and by Ni et al. [22] and Nichols et al. [51] for CVD-grown MWCNTs. Compared to other data in literature the peak related to the D band is more intense than the one for the G band [1]. This indicates that

• than for He+, so that the damaged areas can be partially sputtered away, both from top and bottom sides of the sample. An increase in the ID/IG ratio followed by a decrease at higher fluences has also been observed for 140 keV He+ irradiation by Aitkaliyeva et al. [20] and for 60 MeV Ni+ and 120 MeV Au

Nonlinear effect of carrier drift on the performance of an n-type ZnO nanowire nanogenerator by coupling piezoelectric effect and semiconduction

• Yuxing Liang,
• Shuaiqi Fan,
• Xuedong Chen and
• Yuantai Hu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1917–1925, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.183

• equilibrium, the Fermi energy level Σf must be consistent in the cross section with the carrier concentration satisfying where ni is the intrinsic carrier concentration of ZnO; Σi(x1, x2) stands for the intrinsic energy level that can be affected by the electric potential field; kB is the Boltzmann constant

Synthesis of rare-earth metal and rare-earth metal-fluoride nanoparticles in ionic liquids and propylene carbonate

• Marvin Siebels,
• Lukas Mai,
• Laura Schmolke,
• Kai Schütte,
• Juri Barthel,
• Junpei Yue,
• Jörg Thomas,
• Bernd M. Smarsly,
• Anjana Devi,
• Roland A. Fischer and
• Christoph Janiak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1881–1894, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.180

• study the catalytic properties of the obtained intermetallic M/RE-NPs in extension of our previous work on Ni/Ga nanophases derived from organometallic precursors by co-thermolysis in ILs and PC [59]. Experimental All synthesis experiments were carried out with Schlenk techniques under nitrogen or argon

Electrical characterization of single nanometer-wide Si fins in dense arrays

• Steven Folkersma,
• Janusz Bogdanowicz,
• Andreas Schulze,
• Paola Favia,
• Dirch H. Petersen,
• Ole Hansen,
• Henrik H. Henrichsen,
• Peter F. Nielsen,
• Lior Shiv and
• Wilfried Vandervorst

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1863–1867, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.178

• control the electrical contact between the metallic (Ni-coated) μ4pp electrodes and the semiconducting (Si) fins. Next, we show that, by carefully controlling this process, the electrical contact can be confined to one single fin such that the resistance of individual fins in dense arrays can be measured

• electrodes comprise four Ni-coated Si cantilevers with a spacing of 8 µm and a contact size dcontact ≈ 300 nm [6][9][10]. In a μ4pp measurement, the electrodes are landed on the sample surface after which a current Iin is injected into the investigated sample via two of the electrodes while the induced

• voltage drop V is measured between the other two electrodes. Initially, however, the native oxides present both on the semiconducting material and the Ni-coated electrodes act as highly resistive barriers and therefore prevent any electrical contact [11]. To establish the electrical contact, the μ4pp

Increasing the performance of a superconducting spin valve using a Heusler alloy

• Andrey A. Kamashev,
• Aidar A. Validov,
• Joachim Schumann,
• Vladislav Kataev,
• Bernd Büchner,
• Yakov V. Fominov and
• Ilgiz A. Garifullin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1764–1769, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.167

• . It is well known [30][31] that in dilute alloys, e.g., in PdNi alloys with 10% of Ni, ξh is of the order of 5 nm, which is an order of magnitude larger compared to pure ferromagnetic elements such as Fe, Ni, or Co. As our present experimental results demonstrate, the use of a Heusler alloy for the

• this respect it would be very interesting to explore theoretically and experimentally the option of optimization of the F1 layer in the SSV AFM/F1/N1/F2/N2/S heterostructure. Recently, Singh et al. [32] reported a huge SSV effect for a S/F1/N/F2 structure made of amorphous MoGe, Ni, Cu and CrO2 as S

Cryochemical synthesis of ultrasmall, highly crystalline, nanostructured metal oxides and salts

• Elena A. Trusova and
• Nikolai S. Trutnev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1755–1763, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.166

• indicated in the formation of a 2D interface layer which included Ni–O–Si bonds on the surface of the mesoporous silicate. It was found that the composite system prepared by cryotreatment of the emulsion showed a higher hydro-desulfurization catalytic activity by several orders of magnitude as compared to

• soft conditions for the formation of Ce-, Fe- and Ni-oxide nanocrystallites, and its special feature is the use of cryogenic processing (liquid N2, −196 °C ) of metal-containing water–organic sols. In addition, we have patented a device for the production of cryochemical crystalline substances from

• using a hydraulic jet injector with a swirler, directing the spray torch into the liquid nitrogen environment (−196 °C), where cryogranulation took place. In the next step, the granules were exposed to freeze-drying and calcination, resulting in the production of metal oxide nanopowders (Ce, Fe or Ni

Nanoscale electrochemical response of lithium-ion cathodes: a combined study using C-AFM and SIMS

• Jonathan Op de Beeck,
• Nouha Labyedh,
• Alfonso Sepúlveda,
• Valentina Spampinato,
• Alexis Franquet,
• Thierry Conard,
• Philippe M. Vereecken,
• Wilfried Vandervorst and
• Umberto Celano

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1623–1628, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.154

•  1a. The three samples mentioned above are all deposited on a metallic current collector (Ni or Pt) on top of a silicon wafer. Spatially resolved electrical properties are observed with nanometer resolution by scanning a biased conductive AFM tip across the top surface. Unless specified otherwise, we

• apply always the bias to the sample (i.e., the metallic Ni/Pt layer) while the C-AFM tip is grounded. By measuring the current (using the tip as a nanoscale electrode) and the tip deflection as a function of the AFM tip position, two-dimensional maps of the local conductivity and the topography can be

Cr(VI) remediation from aqueous environment through modified-TiO₂-mediated photocatalytic reduction

• Rashmi Acharya,
• Brundabana Naik and
• Kulamani Parida

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1448–1470, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.137

• addition to this, the introduction of NiO resulted in good contact between NiO and TiO2, and as a consequence, the Ti 3d and Ni 3d sates are overlapped to form a modified conduction band. This caused band gap reduction resulting in a red shift of the absorption. Hence, the coupling of NiO with TiO2 not

• only retards the recombination of photogenerated electrons and holes, but also extends the absorption edge towards the visible region. Moreover, an increase in the Ni content hinders aggregation of TiO2 because an appreciable amount of NiO restricts the growth of TiO2 particles. The inhibition in

Tailoring polarization and magnetization of absorbing terahertz metamaterials using a cut-wire sandwich structure

• Hadi Teguh Yudistira,
• Shuo Liu,
• Tie Jun Cui and
• Han Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1437–1447, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.136

• , refractive index, wave number in free space, substrate thickness and impedance, respectively. In the matching air impedance condition (i.e., z = 1 + i0), the reflectance would be zero and Equation 1 is expressed as where nr and ni are the real and imaginary parts of the refractive index, respectively

• proposed absorber [36][40]. The refractive index and impedance were obtained using Equation 5 and Equation 6 [40] as where X = (1 / 2S212)(1 – S112 + S212). The metamaterial was considered a passive medium; hence, the sign in Equation 5 and Equation 6 was determined according to zr ≥ 0 and ni ≥ 0, where zr

Atomistic modeling of tribological properties of Pd and Al nanoparticles on a graphene surface

• Alexei Khomenko,
• Miroslav Zakharov,
• Denis Boyko and
• Bo N. J. Persson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1239–1246, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.115

• wear at the atomic level [2][8][10][12][15][16][17][18][19]. Preliminarily MD studies were carried out for the formation and friction of Ag, Ni, Au, Cu nanoparticles on graphene [10][11]. This paper extends the study to Al and Pd nanoparticles [17]. Besides, in previous papers the temperature

• a function of time [6][10][11][13][18][19][24][25][26]. Previously we studied friction of Ag, Ni, Au and Cu nanoparticles on graphene [10][11]. In the present paper, we chose Al and Pd nanoparticles because the software we use allows to explore only metals with a face-centered cubic lattice. Besides

• area of Ni nanoparticles changes from 0.2 nN to 0.45 nN and from 0.1 nN to 0.2 nN for Ag, with contact area A from 20 nm2 to 60 nm2 for Ni and from 30 nm2 to 80 nm2 for Ag. The shear stress depending on the contact area of Ag nanoparticles varies from 40 MPa to 90 MPa and from 50 MPa to 140 MPa for Ni

Understanding the performance and mechanism of Mg-containing oxides as support catalysts in the thermal dry reforming of methane

• Nor Fazila Khairudin,
• Mohd Farid Fahmi Sukri,
• Mehrnoush Khavarian and
• Abdul Rahman Mohamed

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1162–1183, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.108

• (synthetic gas) production and co-utilization of methane and carbon dioxide, which are the main greenhouse gases. Magnesium is commonly applied in a Ni-based catalyst in DRM to improve catalyst performance and inhibit carbon deposition. The aim of this review is to gain better insight into recent

• developments on the use of Mg as a support or promoter for DRM catalysts. Its high basicity and high thermal stability make Mg suitable for introduction into the highly endothermic reaction of DRM. The introduction of Mg as a support or promoter for Ni-based catalysts allows for good metal dispersion on the

• , and Ir, exhibit high activity and resistance toward carbon formation [19][20][21]. However, these noble metals are associated with high cost and low availability, so non-noble metals, such as Ni [18][22][23][24], Fe [25][26][27][28], and Co [29][30] are most often used. Among the non-noble metals, Ni