A Ni(OH)₂ nanopetals network for high-performance supercapacitors synthesized by immersing Ni nanofoam in water

• Donghui Zheng,
• Man Li,
• Yongyan Li,
• Chunling Qin,
• Yichao Wang and
• Zhifeng Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 281–293, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.27

• during the dissolution and recrystallization process. The dissolved nickel atoms may continuously attach and bond to the surface of larger nanopetals, and form flower-like structures in order to achieve a minimum total free energy. Chemical characteristics of the composite surface In order to clarify the

• explained through a preferential oxidation of Ti and Zr during the alloy fabrication and the subsequent oxidation exposed to the air. After immersion in 0.05 M HF for 4 h, the signals for Ti and Zr become very weak due to the dissolution of Ti and Zr. It is clarified that the surface film of as-spun alloy

Nanoporous water oxidation electrodes with a low loading of laser-deposited Ru/C exhibit enhanced corrosion stability

• Sandra Haschke,
• Dmitrii Pankin,
• Vladimir Mikhailovskii,
• Maïssa K. S. Barr,
• Adriana Both-Engel,
• Alina Manshina and
• Julien Bachmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 157–167, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.15

• limited by its significant dissolution (corrosion) at high anodic potential over the whole pH range (Figure 2) [10][11][12]. One strategy to address this limitation has involved mixing metallic Ru (or its oxides) with other solids (such as Ir [13][14][15][16][17][18], Ta [19], or Pt [20], TiO2 [21], Ni

• line). Regions of predominant thermodynamic stability and dissolution of the solid in water oxidation conditions are color-coded in green and red, respectively. Photographs and schematic drawings of laser-induced chemical liquid deposition geometry on planar (a,b) and nanostructured samples (c,d) from

Characterization and influence of hydroxyapatite nanopowders on living cells

• Przemyslaw Oberbek,
• Tomasz Bolek,
• Adrian Chlanda,
• Seishiro Hirano,
• Sylwia Kusnieruk,
• Julia Rogowska-Tylman,
• Ganna Nechyporenko,
• Viktor Zinchenko,
• Wojciech Swieszkowski and
• Tomasz Puzyn

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 3079–3094, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.286

• interaction of HAp nanoobjects with cells when they are in the interior of the cells instead of being outside in close proximity. The growth stimulation in cells is probably related to a boost of PO43− that are a product of HAp dissolution. Phosphate groups can be used for ATP synthesis in mitochondria [63

Hydrogen-induced plasticity in nanoporous palladium

• Markus Gößler,
• Eva-Maria Steyskal,
• Markus Stütz,
• Norbert Enzinger and
• Roland Würschum

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 3013–3024, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.280

• ][2][3], resistance [4][5][6], magnetic moment [5][7], optical transmission [8] and selective chemical transport [9] have been reported in recent years, apart from the mechanical properties described below. Dealloying, a selective dissolution process, has become an established technique to produce

• refers to the small offset accumulated after an oxide half-cycle, which can be attributed to weak anodic palladium (oxide) dissolution [29]. The length changes upon voltammetric cycling are in agreement with recent results for dealloyed nanoporous palladium from different base alloys [17][18]. The highly

• electrochemical cell, using the same counter and reference electrodes as described for the in situ setup. As chemical dissolution processes can hardly be discerned from mechanical yielding on the basis of strain curves obtained in a dilatometer, dissolution processes should be minimised using an adequate

Colloidal chemistry with patchy silica nanoparticles

• Pierre-Etienne Rouet,
• Cyril Chomette,
• Laurent Adumeau,
• Etienne Duguet and
• Serge Ravaine

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2989–2998, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.278

• bonding geometry. We have previously reported that the selective growth of the silica core of binary PS/silica CMs and the subsequent dissolution of the polymeric satellites [19] leads to silica particles with a precise number of dimples. The PS chains which are chemically grafted onto the silica surface

• remain at the bottom of the dimples after the dissolution stage and can be specifically chemically modified providing both enthalpic and entropic characteristics to the patches [20][21]. Here we report the use of these patchy silica nanoparticles with two or four dimples as sp- and sp3-like colloidal

• of a central silica core and two or four PS nodules were prepared by the seeded-growth emulsion polymerization of styrene, according to an already published procedure [24]. The regrowth of the silica cores of the multipods, the subsequent dissolution of the PS nodules to create dimpled particles and

The nanoscaled metal-organic framework ICR-2 as a carrier of porphyrins for photodynamic therapy

• Jan Hynek,
• Sebastian Jurík,
• Martina Koncošová,
• Jaroslav Zelenka,
• Ivana Křížová,
• Tomáš Ruml,
• Kaplan Kirakci,
• Ivo Jakubec,
• František Kovanda,
• Kamil Lang and
• Jan Demel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2960–2967, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.275

• in PBS it resulted in amorphisation of the ICR-2 nanoparticles, and in the case of nanoICR-2/porphyrin in partial dissolution of the porphyrin. In order to ascertain the effects of the MOF structure on the porphyrin units, UV–vis absorption and fluorescence spectra were measured and compared with the

Site-controlled formation of single Si nanocrystals in a buried SiO₂ matrix using ion beam mixing

• Xiaomo Xu,
• Thomas Prüfer,
• Daniel Wolf,
• Hans-Jürgen Engelmann,
• Lothar Bischoff,
• René Hübner,
• Karl-Heinz Heinig,
• Wolfhard Möller,
• Stefan Facsko,
• Johannes von Borany and
• Gregor Hlawacek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2883–2892, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.267

• Figure 3a,d one can see that the NCs formed under these conditions are not well defined and are subject to a rather large size distribution (not shown in this diagram). We conclude that for these cases either insufficient mixing or the onset of NC dissolution, respectively, leads to the observed broad NC

• dissolution ((d) 10000 MCs) of the individual Si NC. The top silicon layer is not shown for clarity. Detection of a single Si NC in SiO2. (a) Si plasmon-loss filtered TEM image. A single Si NC (white) in the center of the buried oxide layer (blue) vertically aligned with the sputter crater of the Ne

Nanostructure-induced performance degradation of WO₃·nH₂O for energy conversion and storage devices

• Zhenyin Hai,
• Mohammad Karbalaei Akbari,
• Zihan Wei,
• Danfeng Cui,
• Chenyang Xue,
• Hongyan Xu,
• Philippe M. Heynderickx,
• Francis Verpoort and
• Serge Zhuiykov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2845–2854, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.265

• continuous stirring. After complete dissolution of the Na2WO4·2H2O powder, 0.416 mL of hydrochloric acid (HCl, 36–38 wt %) solution was added dropwise while stirring for 15 min at room temperature. Subsequently, 0.2241 g of oxalic acid (C2H2O4) was added to the solution and the solution was then diluted with

Comparative biological effects of spherical noble metal nanoparticles (Rh, Pd, Ag, Pt, Au) with 4–8 nm diameter

• Alexander Rostek,
• Marina Breisch,
• Kevin Pappert,
• Kateryna Loza,
• Marc Heggen,
• Manfred Köller,
• Christina Sengstock and
• Matthias Epple

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2763–2774, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.258

• = 40,000 g mol−1), sodium borohydride (Sigma-Aldrich, ≥96%, p.a.) trisodium citrate (Acros, anhydrous 98%), tannic acid (Fluka, p.a.), and D-glucose (Baker, p.a.) were all used as obtained. Aqueous solutions of H2PtCl6 or HAuCl4 (prepared by dissolution of platinum or gold in aqua regia), RhCl3, NaPdCl4

• the toxicity of silver nanoparticles is due to the oxidative release of silver ions [38][39][40][43][67][94][95][96][97][98][99][100], we can tentatively assume that such a dissolution does not occur for the more noble metals, and that the nanoparticles themselves are not cytotoxic. Due to the more

Impact of the anodization time on the photocatalytic activity of TiO₂ nanotubes

• Jesús A. Díaz-Real,
• Geyla C. Dubed-Bandomo,
• Juan Galindo-de-la-Rosa,
• Luis G. Arriaga,
• Janet Ledesma-García and
• Nicolas Alonso-Vante

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2628–2643, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.244

• interpreted as a function of the exposure time of the TNTs to the F− ions from the electrolyte (Figure S1a, Supporting Information File 1). It has been demonstrated by Albu [20] that a prolonged exposure of the TNTs to a fluorinated electrolyte leads to dissolution at the electrode/electrolyte interface

• electrooxidation process for the degradation of such components. Chlorides are often present in these waste waters [81][82][83][84], and for that reason a dissolution of 0.5 M KCl was chosen as the electrolyte. The electrolyte was not purged with N2 or O2 prior to or during the experiment. Figure 9a depicts the

• pass) of 1 cm. The MB dissolution was recirculated using a peristaltic pump to a standard quartz cuvette where the absorbance at 638 nm was measured in situ. In a typical experiment, a fixed ratio of 12.5:1 (volume/area) was used for all the samples while a potential bias of 1 V/(Ag|AgCl) was applied

ZnO-nanostructure-based electrochemical sensor: Effect of nanostructure morphology on the sensing of heavy metal ions

• Marina Krasovska,
• Vjaceslavs Gerbreders,
• Irena Mihailova,
• Andrejs Ogurcovs,
• Eriks Sledevskis,
• Andrejs Gerbreders and
• Pavels Sarajevs

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2421–2431, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.227

• selective dissolution of metastable ZnO planes with decreasing growth solution temperature, achieving a considerable Zn-ion deficiency during the hydrothermal process [19][20][21][22]. The synthesis of the ZnO nanotubes was performed in a growth solution with the same chemical composition as for synthesis

Phosphorus monolayer doping (MLD) of silicon on insulator (SOI) substrates

• Noel Kennedy,
• Ray Duffy,
• Luke Eaton,
• Dan O’Connell,
• Scott Monaghan,
• Shane Garvey,
• James Connolly,
• Chris Hatem,
• Justin D. Holmes and
• Brenda Long

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2106–2113, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.199

• to draw holes to the surface and enable the dissolution of the semiconductor into the electrolyte. Applying this voltage near the insulator layer becomes problematic and prevents etching and analysis in this region. Hall effect measurements were instead used, which required careful handling during

Fabrication of photothermally active poly(vinyl alcohol) films with gold nanostars for antibacterial applications

• Mykola Borzenkov,
• Maria Moros,
• Claudia Tortiglione,
• Serena Bertoldi,
• Nicola Contessi,
• Silvia Faré,
• Angelo Taglietti,
• Agnese D’Agostino,
• Piersandro Pallavicini,
• Maddalena Collini and
• Giuseppe Chirico

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2040–2048, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.193

• with 0.05 M NaOH. Preparation of PVA films containing gold nanostars The films were prepared according to the following protocol: an aqueous solution of PVA (9% w/w) was stored one hour in an oven (≈100 °C) until complete dissolution of PVA, and then PEG-200 (0.11 g) was added and the mixture was

Quantitative comparison of wideband low-latency phase-locked loop circuit designs for high-speed frequency modulation atomic force microscopy

• Kazuki Miyata and
• Takeshi Fukuma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1844–1855, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.176

• imaging of calcite dissolution in water at 0.5 s/frame with true atomic resolution. The high-speed and high-resolution imaging capabilities of the proposed design will enable a wide range of studies to be conducted on various atomic-scale dynamic phenomena at solid–liquid interfaces. Keywords: calcite

• dissolution process; frequency modulation atomic force microscopy; high-speed atomic-resolution imaging; phase-locked loop; Introduction Frequency modulation atomic force microscopy (FM-AFM) is a powerful tool for investigating atomic- and molecular-scale structures of sample surfaces in various environments

• atomistic mechanisms of various interfacial phenomena, including thin-film formation, crystal growth and dissolution, metal corrosion, and catalytic reactions in vacuum and in liquids. This problem could be solved by enhancing the FM-AFM operation speed. The development of high-speed FM-AFM requires

Nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes coated with zinc oxide nanoparticles as sulfur encapsulator for high-performance lithium/sulfur batteries

• Yan Zhao,
• Zhengjun Liu,
• Liancheng Sun,
• Yongguang Zhang,
• Yuting Feng,
• Xin Wang,
• Indira Kurmanbayeva and
• Zhumabay Bakenov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1677–1685, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.159

• Li/S batteries [5]. Another popular strategy to reduce polysulfides from dissolution is using metal oxides, such as TiO2 [6], ZnO [7], MnO2 [8], and SiO2 [9], as the additives or coating layer in the S-cathode. This is because metal oxides can provide strong binding sites with S and reduce the

Sulfur-, nitrogen- and platinum-doped titania thin films with high catalytic efficiency under visible-light illumination

• Boštjan Žener,
• Lev Matoh,
• Giorgio Carraro,
• Bojan Miljević and
• Romana Cerc Korošec

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1629–1640, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.155

• more porous samples (surface area for S3 equals 80.2 m2/g) with a narrower band gap relative to REF (band gap for S3 is 3.10 eV). We contribute the band gap narrowing to H2SO4 acting as a source of doped S (confirmed by XPS measurements). Furthermore, both acids also accelerate the dissolution of the

• synthesis from titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) precursor. In the first step of the synthesis, the precursor was dissolved in water, which was previously acidified with different volumes of concentrated hydrochloric (HCl) and 12 M solution of sulfuric acid (H2SO4). After the dissolution, different chemicals

Nanocomposites comprised of homogeneously dispersed magnetic iron-oxide nanoparticles and poly(methyl methacrylate)

• Sašo Gyergyek,
• David Pahovnik,
• Ema Žagar,
• Alenka Mertelj,
• Rok Kostanjšek,
• Miloš Beković,
• Marko Jagodič,
• Heinrich Hofmann and
• Darko Makovec

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1613–1622, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.153

• dissolution of the Fe cations from the nanocomposite and the nanoparticles was tested with dissolution in the presence of citric acid at pH 1, where further details can be found in Supporting Information File 1. Characterization The particle size, crystallinity and dispersion over the nanocomposites were

• neighboring nanoparticles. Leaching of the Fe cations from the nanocomposites under physiological conditions can limit their use. We tested the dissolution of NPs from the nanocomposite under much harsher conditions (see Supporting Information File 1). For comparison, we performed experiments on samples NP-RA

• , NP-RA-PMMA and NC-3 in a solution of citric acid. Under sufficiently acidic conditions (pH < 6) the citric acid boosts the dissolution of iron oxide due to the chelate effect [32]. The results are presented as the wt % of dissolved Fe relative to the total Fe in the iron oxide nanoparticles. It was

Closed polymer containers based on phenylboronic esters of resorcinarenes

• Tatiana Yu. Sergeeva,
• Rezeda K. Mukhitova,
• Irek R. Nizameev,
• Marsil K. Kadirov,
• Polina D. Klypina,
• Albina Y. Ziganshina and
• Alexander I. Konovalov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1594–1601, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.151

• received without any further purification. Resorcinarene RA was synthesized as described in [38]. Synthesis of SRA A mixture of Na2SO3 (3.45 g, 27.4 mmol) and paraldehyde (0.823 g, 27.4 mmol) was heated in 5 mL of water at 80 °C until complete dissolution. Then RA (2 g, 2.74 mmol) in 30 mL ethanol was

Preparation and morphology-dependent wettability of porous alumina membranes

• Dmitry L. Shimanovich,
• Alla I. Vorobjova,
• Daria I. Tishkevich,
• Alex V. Trukhanov,
• Maxim V. Zdorovets and
• Artem L. Kozlovskiy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1423–1436, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.135

• transparent, it is advisable to designate the required surface of the PAM in advance. Further, the detachment of the alumina from the substrate was performed by Al dissolution in a saturated solution of cupric chloride and hydrochloric acid (HCl/CuCl2). Chemical dissolution of the barrier layer at the bottom

Cyclodextrin inhibits zinc corrosion by destabilizing point defect formation in the oxide layer

• Abdulrahman Altin,
• Maciej Krzywiecki,
• Adnan Sarfraz,
• Cigdem Toparli,
• Claudius Laska,
• Philipp Kerger,
• Aleksandar Zeradjanin,
• Karl J. J. Mayrhofer,
• Michael Rohwerder and
• Andreas Erbe

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 936–944, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.86

• , 7491 Trondheim, Norway 10.3762/bjnano.9.86 Abstract Corrosion inhibitors are added in low concentrations to corrosive solutions for reducing the corrosion rate of a metallic material. Their mechanism of action is typically the blocking of free metal surface by adsorption, thus slowing down dissolution

• dissolution was investigated using a scanning flow cell (SFC), with an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) downstream [17][18], which allows for the detection of dissolved species [19]. The KCl concentration was kept low, as high salt loads are challenging in experiments with ICP-MS online

• analytics. Figure 2 shows a significant decrease in the dissolution current of zinc in 0.01 M KCl, from 54 ± 5 μA·cm−2 in the absence of β-CD to 1.2 ± 0.3 μA·cm−2 in the presence of 0.05 mM β-CD. The zinc dissolution inhibition efficiency is thus ≈97% in 0.01 M KCl, where η > 90%. Consequently, the

Heavy-metal detectors based on modified ferrite nanoparticles

• Urszula Klekotka,
• Ewelina Wińska,
• Elżbieta Zambrzycka-Szelewa,
• Dariusz Satuła and
• Beata Kalska-Szostko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 762–770, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.69

• dissolution in ethanol were drop-cast on a carbon-covered 400 mesh Cu grid. The XRD apparatus requires the placement of a small amount of powder on a nylon loop coated with high-viscosity synthetic oil. Infrared spectra (IR) were collected in a spectral range between 400 and 4000 cm−1 and were attained by a

Kinetics of solvent supported tubule formation of Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) wax on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) investigated by atomic force microscopy

• Sujit Kumar Dora,
• Kerstin Koch,
• Wilhelm Barthlott and
• Klaus Wandelt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 468–481, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.45

• images demonstrating both tubule growth and dissolution after applying a 10 µL droplet of 1 mg/mL wax solution onto HOPG is presented in Figure 4 (Video 2, Supporting Information File 2). The growth pattern follows the same rodlet→ring→tubule growth behavior as that observed for the 0.8 mg/mL wax

• period also the dissolution of some previously formed but obviously unstable structures are observed, for instance within the oval surface region marked in Figure 4a and 4d. The average heights of the rodlets in Figure 4a are ≈30 nm (black arrow) and 60 nm (white arrow) whereas the height of the

• concentration of LWM molecules adsorbed on the surface, and LWMtubul refers to molecules incorporated into growing or completed tubules. At least the second step (but possibly also the first) is reversible, because the dissolution of initially formed rodlets was observed (see Figure 4). The fact, that the

Temperature-tunable lasing from dye-doped chiral microdroplets encapsulated in a thin polymeric film

• Gia Petriashvili,
• Mauro Daniel Luigi Bruno,
• Maria Penelope De Santo and
• Riccardo Barberi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 379–383, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.37

• nm for a temperature variation of 18 °C. The tuning proves that, even if the droplets are embedded in a polymeric matrix, the liquid crystalline structure is fluid enough to allow the dissolution of more chiral dopant inside the nematic liquid crystal, increasing the winding of the cholesteric helix

BN/Ag hybrid nanomaterials with petal-like surfaces as catalysts and antibacterial agents

• Konstantin L. Firestein,
• Denis V. Leybo,
• Alexander E. Steinman,
• Andrey M. Kovalskii,
• Andrei T. Matveev,
• Anton M. Manakhov,
• Irina V. Sukhorukova,
• Pavel V. Slukin,
• Nadezda K. Fursova,
• Sergey G. Ignatov,
• Dmitri V. Golberg and
• Dmitry V. Shtansky

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 250–261, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.27

• antibacterial activity, the wide application of Ag NPs is restricted by their poor dispersion stability and high tendency to agglomeration. This reduces their specific surface areas, dissolution rate and, eventually, antibacterial efficiency. Therefore, it is extremely important to use supports which could not

CdSe nanorod/TiO₂ nanoparticle heterojunctions with enhanced solar- and visible-light photocatalytic activity

• Fakher Laatar,
• Hatem Moussa,
• Halima Alem,
• Lavinia Balan,
• Emilien Girot,
• Ghouti Medjahdi,
• Hatem Ezzaouia and
• Raphaël Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2741–2752, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.273

• 30 min at room temperature to ensure complete dissolution of precursors. Next, the solution was transferred to a teflon-lined stainless steel autoclave with 100 mL capacity and heated to 180 °C for 12 h. After cooling to room temperature, the CdSe NRs were recovered by centrifugation (4000 rpm for 15