Site-controlled formation of single Si nanocrystals in a buried SiO₂ matrix using ion beam mixing

• Xiaomo Xu,
• Thomas Prüfer,
• Daniel Wolf,
• Hans-Jürgen Engelmann,
• Lothar Bischoff,
• René Hübner,
• Karl-Heinz Heinig,
• Wolfhard Möller,
• Stefan Facsko,
• Johannes von Borany and
• Gregor Hlawacek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2883–2892, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.267

• Figure 3a,d one can see that the NCs formed under these conditions are not well defined and are subject to a rather large size distribution (not shown in this diagram). We conclude that for these cases either insufficient mixing or the onset of NC dissolution, respectively, leads to the observed broad NC

• dissolution ((d) 10000 MCs) of the individual Si NC. The top silicon layer is not shown for clarity. Detection of a single Si NC in SiO2. (a) Si plasmon-loss filtered TEM image. A single Si NC (white) in the center of the buried oxide layer (blue) vertically aligned with the sputter crater of the Ne

Nanostructure-induced performance degradation of WO₃·nH₂O for energy conversion and storage devices

• Zhenyin Hai,
• Mohammad Karbalaei Akbari,
• Zihan Wei,
• Danfeng Cui,
• Chenyang Xue,
• Hongyan Xu,
• Philippe M. Heynderickx,
• Francis Verpoort and
• Serge Zhuiykov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2845–2854, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.265

• continuous stirring. After complete dissolution of the Na2WO4·2H2O powder, 0.416 mL of hydrochloric acid (HCl, 36–38 wt %) solution was added dropwise while stirring for 15 min at room temperature. Subsequently, 0.2241 g of oxalic acid (C2H2O4) was added to the solution and the solution was then diluted with

Comparative biological effects of spherical noble metal nanoparticles (Rh, Pd, Ag, Pt, Au) with 4–8 nm diameter

• Alexander Rostek,
• Marina Breisch,
• Kevin Pappert,
• Kateryna Loza,
• Marc Heggen,
• Manfred Köller,
• Christina Sengstock and
• Matthias Epple

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2763–2774, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.258

• = 40,000 g mol−1), sodium borohydride (Sigma-Aldrich, ≥96%, p.a.) trisodium citrate (Acros, anhydrous 98%), tannic acid (Fluka, p.a.), and D-glucose (Baker, p.a.) were all used as obtained. Aqueous solutions of H2PtCl6 or HAuCl4 (prepared by dissolution of platinum or gold in aqua regia), RhCl3, NaPdCl4

• the toxicity of silver nanoparticles is due to the oxidative release of silver ions [38][39][40][43][67][94][95][96][97][98][99][100], we can tentatively assume that such a dissolution does not occur for the more noble metals, and that the nanoparticles themselves are not cytotoxic. Due to the more

Impact of the anodization time on the photocatalytic activity of TiO₂ nanotubes

• Jesús A. Díaz-Real,
• Geyla C. Dubed-Bandomo,
• Juan Galindo-de-la-Rosa,
• Luis G. Arriaga,
• Janet Ledesma-García and
• Nicolas Alonso-Vante

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2628–2643, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.244

• interpreted as a function of the exposure time of the TNTs to the F− ions from the electrolyte (Figure S1a, Supporting Information File 1). It has been demonstrated by Albu [20] that a prolonged exposure of the TNTs to a fluorinated electrolyte leads to dissolution at the electrode/electrolyte interface

• electrooxidation process for the degradation of such components. Chlorides are often present in these waste waters [81][82][83][84], and for that reason a dissolution of 0.5 M KCl was chosen as the electrolyte. The electrolyte was not purged with N2 or O2 prior to or during the experiment. Figure 9a depicts the

• pass) of 1 cm. The MB dissolution was recirculated using a peristaltic pump to a standard quartz cuvette where the absorbance at 638 nm was measured in situ. In a typical experiment, a fixed ratio of 12.5:1 (volume/area) was used for all the samples while a potential bias of 1 V/(Ag|AgCl) was applied

ZnO-nanostructure-based electrochemical sensor: Effect of nanostructure morphology on the sensing of heavy metal ions

• Marina Krasovska,
• Vjaceslavs Gerbreders,
• Irena Mihailova,
• Andrejs Ogurcovs,
• Eriks Sledevskis,
• Andrejs Gerbreders and
• Pavels Sarajevs

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2421–2431, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.227

• selective dissolution of metastable ZnO planes with decreasing growth solution temperature, achieving a considerable Zn-ion deficiency during the hydrothermal process [19][20][21][22]. The synthesis of the ZnO nanotubes was performed in a growth solution with the same chemical composition as for synthesis

Phosphorus monolayer doping (MLD) of silicon on insulator (SOI) substrates

• Noel Kennedy,
• Ray Duffy,
• Luke Eaton,
• Dan O’Connell,
• Scott Monaghan,
• Shane Garvey,
• James Connolly,
• Chris Hatem,
• Justin D. Holmes and
• Brenda Long

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2106–2113, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.199

• to draw holes to the surface and enable the dissolution of the semiconductor into the electrolyte. Applying this voltage near the insulator layer becomes problematic and prevents etching and analysis in this region. Hall effect measurements were instead used, which required careful handling during

Fabrication of photothermally active poly(vinyl alcohol) films with gold nanostars for antibacterial applications

• Mykola Borzenkov,
• Maria Moros,
• Claudia Tortiglione,
• Serena Bertoldi,
• Nicola Contessi,
• Silvia Faré,
• Angelo Taglietti,
• Agnese D’Agostino,
• Piersandro Pallavicini,
• Maddalena Collini and
• Giuseppe Chirico

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2040–2048, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.193

• with 0.05 M NaOH. Preparation of PVA films containing gold nanostars The films were prepared according to the following protocol: an aqueous solution of PVA (9% w/w) was stored one hour in an oven (≈100 °C) until complete dissolution of PVA, and then PEG-200 (0.11 g) was added and the mixture was

Quantitative comparison of wideband low-latency phase-locked loop circuit designs for high-speed frequency modulation atomic force microscopy

• Kazuki Miyata and
• Takeshi Fukuma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1844–1855, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.176

• imaging of calcite dissolution in water at 0.5 s/frame with true atomic resolution. The high-speed and high-resolution imaging capabilities of the proposed design will enable a wide range of studies to be conducted on various atomic-scale dynamic phenomena at solid–liquid interfaces. Keywords: calcite

• dissolution process; frequency modulation atomic force microscopy; high-speed atomic-resolution imaging; phase-locked loop; Introduction Frequency modulation atomic force microscopy (FM-AFM) is a powerful tool for investigating atomic- and molecular-scale structures of sample surfaces in various environments

• atomistic mechanisms of various interfacial phenomena, including thin-film formation, crystal growth and dissolution, metal corrosion, and catalytic reactions in vacuum and in liquids. This problem could be solved by enhancing the FM-AFM operation speed. The development of high-speed FM-AFM requires

Nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes coated with zinc oxide nanoparticles as sulfur encapsulator for high-performance lithium/sulfur batteries

• Yan Zhao,
• Zhengjun Liu,
• Liancheng Sun,
• Yongguang Zhang,
• Yuting Feng,
• Xin Wang,
• Indira Kurmanbayeva and
• Zhumabay Bakenov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1677–1685, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.159

• Li/S batteries [5]. Another popular strategy to reduce polysulfides from dissolution is using metal oxides, such as TiO2 [6], ZnO [7], MnO2 [8], and SiO2 [9], as the additives or coating layer in the S-cathode. This is because metal oxides can provide strong binding sites with S and reduce the

Sulfur-, nitrogen- and platinum-doped titania thin films with high catalytic efficiency under visible-light illumination

• Boštjan Žener,
• Lev Matoh,
• Giorgio Carraro,
• Bojan Miljević and
• Romana Cerc Korošec

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1629–1640, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.155

• more porous samples (surface area for S3 equals 80.2 m2/g) with a narrower band gap relative to REF (band gap for S3 is 3.10 eV). We contribute the band gap narrowing to H2SO4 acting as a source of doped S (confirmed by XPS measurements). Furthermore, both acids also accelerate the dissolution of the

• synthesis from titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) precursor. In the first step of the synthesis, the precursor was dissolved in water, which was previously acidified with different volumes of concentrated hydrochloric (HCl) and 12 M solution of sulfuric acid (H2SO4). After the dissolution, different chemicals

Nanocomposites comprised of homogeneously dispersed magnetic iron-oxide nanoparticles and poly(methyl methacrylate)

• Sašo Gyergyek,
• David Pahovnik,
• Ema Žagar,
• Alenka Mertelj,
• Rok Kostanjšek,
• Miloš Beković,
• Marko Jagodič,
• Heinrich Hofmann and
• Darko Makovec

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1613–1622, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.153

• dissolution of the Fe cations from the nanocomposite and the nanoparticles was tested with dissolution in the presence of citric acid at pH 1, where further details can be found in Supporting Information File 1. Characterization The particle size, crystallinity and dispersion over the nanocomposites were

• neighboring nanoparticles. Leaching of the Fe cations from the nanocomposites under physiological conditions can limit their use. We tested the dissolution of NPs from the nanocomposite under much harsher conditions (see Supporting Information File 1). For comparison, we performed experiments on samples NP-RA

• , NP-RA-PMMA and NC-3 in a solution of citric acid. Under sufficiently acidic conditions (pH < 6) the citric acid boosts the dissolution of iron oxide due to the chelate effect [32]. The results are presented as the wt % of dissolved Fe relative to the total Fe in the iron oxide nanoparticles. It was

Closed polymer containers based on phenylboronic esters of resorcinarenes

• Tatiana Yu. Sergeeva,
• Rezeda K. Mukhitova,
• Irek R. Nizameev,
• Marsil K. Kadirov,
• Polina D. Klypina,
• Albina Y. Ziganshina and
• Alexander I. Konovalov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1594–1601, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.151

• received without any further purification. Resorcinarene RA was synthesized as described in [38]. Synthesis of SRA A mixture of Na2SO3 (3.45 g, 27.4 mmol) and paraldehyde (0.823 g, 27.4 mmol) was heated in 5 mL of water at 80 °C until complete dissolution. Then RA (2 g, 2.74 mmol) in 30 mL ethanol was

Preparation and morphology-dependent wettability of porous alumina membranes

• Dmitry L. Shimanovich,
• Alla I. Vorobjova,
• Daria I. Tishkevich,
• Alex V. Trukhanov,
• Maxim V. Zdorovets and
• Artem L. Kozlovskiy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1423–1436, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.135

• transparent, it is advisable to designate the required surface of the PAM in advance. Further, the detachment of the alumina from the substrate was performed by Al dissolution in a saturated solution of cupric chloride and hydrochloric acid (HCl/CuCl2). Chemical dissolution of the barrier layer at the bottom

Cyclodextrin inhibits zinc corrosion by destabilizing point defect formation in the oxide layer

• Abdulrahman Altin,
• Maciej Krzywiecki,
• Adnan Sarfraz,
• Cigdem Toparli,
• Claudius Laska,
• Philipp Kerger,
• Aleksandar Zeradjanin,
• Karl J. J. Mayrhofer,
• Michael Rohwerder and
• Andreas Erbe

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 936–944, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.86

• , 7491 Trondheim, Norway 10.3762/bjnano.9.86 Abstract Corrosion inhibitors are added in low concentrations to corrosive solutions for reducing the corrosion rate of a metallic material. Their mechanism of action is typically the blocking of free metal surface by adsorption, thus slowing down dissolution

• dissolution was investigated using a scanning flow cell (SFC), with an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) downstream [17][18], which allows for the detection of dissolved species [19]. The KCl concentration was kept low, as high salt loads are challenging in experiments with ICP-MS online

• analytics. Figure 2 shows a significant decrease in the dissolution current of zinc in 0.01 M KCl, from 54 ± 5 μA·cm−2 in the absence of β-CD to 1.2 ± 0.3 μA·cm−2 in the presence of 0.05 mM β-CD. The zinc dissolution inhibition efficiency is thus ≈97% in 0.01 M KCl, where η > 90%. Consequently, the

Heavy-metal detectors based on modified ferrite nanoparticles

• Urszula Klekotka,
• Ewelina Wińska,
• Elżbieta Zambrzycka-Szelewa,
• Dariusz Satuła and
• Beata Kalska-Szostko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 762–770, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.69

• dissolution in ethanol were drop-cast on a carbon-covered 400 mesh Cu grid. The XRD apparatus requires the placement of a small amount of powder on a nylon loop coated with high-viscosity synthetic oil. Infrared spectra (IR) were collected in a spectral range between 400 and 4000 cm−1 and were attained by a

Kinetics of solvent supported tubule formation of Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) wax on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) investigated by atomic force microscopy

• Sujit Kumar Dora,
• Kerstin Koch,
• Wilhelm Barthlott and
• Klaus Wandelt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 468–481, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.45

• images demonstrating both tubule growth and dissolution after applying a 10 µL droplet of 1 mg/mL wax solution onto HOPG is presented in Figure 4 (Video 2, Supporting Information File 2). The growth pattern follows the same rodlet→ring→tubule growth behavior as that observed for the 0.8 mg/mL wax

• period also the dissolution of some previously formed but obviously unstable structures are observed, for instance within the oval surface region marked in Figure 4a and 4d. The average heights of the rodlets in Figure 4a are ≈30 nm (black arrow) and 60 nm (white arrow) whereas the height of the

• concentration of LWM molecules adsorbed on the surface, and LWMtubul refers to molecules incorporated into growing or completed tubules. At least the second step (but possibly also the first) is reversible, because the dissolution of initially formed rodlets was observed (see Figure 4). The fact, that the

Temperature-tunable lasing from dye-doped chiral microdroplets encapsulated in a thin polymeric film

• Gia Petriashvili,
• Mauro Daniel Luigi Bruno,
• Maria Penelope De Santo and
• Riccardo Barberi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 379–383, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.37

• nm for a temperature variation of 18 °C. The tuning proves that, even if the droplets are embedded in a polymeric matrix, the liquid crystalline structure is fluid enough to allow the dissolution of more chiral dopant inside the nematic liquid crystal, increasing the winding of the cholesteric helix

BN/Ag hybrid nanomaterials with petal-like surfaces as catalysts and antibacterial agents

• Konstantin L. Firestein,
• Denis V. Leybo,
• Alexander E. Steinman,
• Andrey M. Kovalskii,
• Andrei T. Matveev,
• Anton M. Manakhov,
• Irina V. Sukhorukova,
• Pavel V. Slukin,
• Nadezda K. Fursova,
• Sergey G. Ignatov,
• Dmitri V. Golberg and
• Dmitry V. Shtansky

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 250–261, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.27

• antibacterial activity, the wide application of Ag NPs is restricted by their poor dispersion stability and high tendency to agglomeration. This reduces their specific surface areas, dissolution rate and, eventually, antibacterial efficiency. Therefore, it is extremely important to use supports which could not

CdSe nanorod/TiO₂ nanoparticle heterojunctions with enhanced solar- and visible-light photocatalytic activity

• Fakher Laatar,
• Hatem Moussa,
• Halima Alem,
• Lavinia Balan,
• Emilien Girot,
• Ghouti Medjahdi,
• Hatem Ezzaouia and
• Raphaël Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2741–2752, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.273

• 30 min at room temperature to ensure complete dissolution of precursors. Next, the solution was transferred to a teflon-lined stainless steel autoclave with 100 mL capacity and heated to 180 °C for 12 h. After cooling to room temperature, the CdSe NRs were recovered by centrifugation (4000 rpm for 15

One-step chemical vapor deposition synthesis and supercapacitor performance of nitrogen-doped porous carbon–carbon nanotube hybrids

• Egor V. Lobiak,
• Lyubov G. Bulusheva,
• Ekaterina O. Fedorovskaya,
• Yury V. Shubin,
• Pavel E. Plyusnin,
• Pierre Lonchambon,
• Boris V. Senkovskiy,
• Zinfer R. Ismagilov,
• Emmanuel Flahaut and
• Alexander V. Okotrub

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2669–2679, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.267

• SP-300 potentiostat/galvanostat (Bio-Logic Science Instrument, France) in the frequency range of 20 kHz–10 mHz at zero potential with an amplitude of 10 mV. Results and Discussion Material structure The SEM analysis of the samples, obtained after dissolution of the MgO support, evidenced the co

Surfactant-induced enhancement of droplet adhesion in superhydrophobic soybean (Glycine max L.) leaves

• Oliver Hagedorn,
• Ingo Fleute-Schlachter,
• Hans Georg Mainx,
• Viktoria Zeisler-Diehl and
• Kerstin Koch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2345–2356, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.234

• -soluble herbicides [31]. Numerical values of HLB range from zero to twenty. For a few species and adjuvants, a dissolution or structural alteration of epicuticular wax has been described [32][33][34]. Here we studied the influence of six surfactants with different HLB values on the epicuticular wax

• surfactants were caused by dissolution of the EWCs as shown in Figure 5. SBO 10 and XP ED 28-14 showed a reduction in density and height of the EWC from approximately 1–1.2 µm to below 0.5 µm (Figure 5A,F) compared to the water-treated leaf surfaces (Figure 1D). The most prominent changes in the EWC structure

• were found within a single leaf and correlated to wax crystal density, whereby a less dense layer of wax crystals led to lower CAs. The fast dissolution of the epicuticular wax (here investigated over a time period of 4 min) correlates with an increase in the droplet adhesion, as shown by the increase

Tailoring the nanoscale morphology of HKUST-1 thin films via codeposition and seeded growth

• Landon J. Brower,
• Lauren K. Gentry,
• Amanda L. Napier and
• Mary E. Anderson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2307–2314, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.230

• stable after initial formation when the sample was maintained in the DMSO codeposition solution. However, the film thickness increase observed for the 48 h sample may suggest that film growth reoccurred after dissolution of the initial crystallites. This revealed a dynamic process at the interface that

Vapor-based polymers: from films to nanostructures

• Meike Koenig and
• Joerg Lahann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2219–2220, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.221

• character of vapor-based coatings can furthermore be used to create nanostructures. Balkan et al. report the formation of coaxial nanotubes by the consecutive deposition of polyaniline and poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate) on a template with mesoscopic pores [8]. The dissolution of the template results in the

Surface functionalization of 3D-printed plastics via initiated chemical vapor deposition

• Christine Cheng and
• Malancha Gupta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1629–1636, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.162

• dissolution of the polymer coating, the lattice coated with P(HEMA-co-EGDA) was soaked in water for three days and then was dried and placed back into the water, whereupon it sank, demonstrating the retention of its hydrophilicity. To study the limitations of the iCVD process for coating macro-scale plastics

Oxidative chemical vapor deposition of polyaniline thin films

• Yuriy Y. Smolin,
• Masoud Soroush and
• Kenneth K. S. Lau

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1266–1276, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.128

• was possible. However, the ease of dissolution further supports our earlier conclusion that these conditions led to films that were primarily soluble oligomers. SEM and XPS of as-deposited and washed oCVD PANI films Given that the base case condition (Table 1) seems to have yielded the preferred