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Search for "dissolution" in Full Text gives 269 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology. Showing first 200.
Quantitative comparison of wideband low-latency phase-locked loop circuit designs for high-speed frequency modulation atomic force microscopy
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1844–1855, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.176
- imaging of calcite dissolution in water at 0.5 s/frame with true atomic resolution. The high-speed and high-resolution imaging capabilities of the proposed design will enable a wide range of studies to be conducted on various atomic-scale dynamic phenomena at solid–liquid interfaces. Keywords: calcite
- dissolution process; frequency modulation atomic force microscopy; high-speed atomic-resolution imaging; phase-locked loop; Introduction Frequency modulation atomic force microscopy (FM-AFM) is a powerful tool for investigating atomic- and molecular-scale structures of sample surfaces in various environments
- atomistic mechanisms of various interfacial phenomena, including thin-film formation, crystal growth and dissolution, metal corrosion, and catalytic reactions in vacuum and in liquids. This problem could be solved by enhancing the FM-AFM operation speed. The development of high-speed FM-AFM requires
Nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes coated with zinc oxide nanoparticles as sulfur encapsulator for high-performance lithium/sulfur batteries
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1677–1685, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.159
- Li/S batteries [5]. Another popular strategy to reduce polysulfides from dissolution is using metal oxides, such as TiO2 [6], ZnO [7], MnO2 [8], and SiO2 [9], as the additives or coating layer in the S-cathode. This is because metal oxides can provide strong binding sites with S and reduce the
Sulfur-, nitrogen- and platinum-doped titania thin films with high catalytic efficiency under visible-light illumination
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1629–1640, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.155
- more porous samples (surface area for S3 equals 80.2 m2/g) with a narrower band gap relative to REF (band gap for S3 is 3.10 eV). We contribute the band gap narrowing to H2SO4 acting as a source of doped S (confirmed by XPS measurements). Furthermore, both acids also accelerate the dissolution of the
- synthesis from titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) precursor. In the first step of the synthesis, the precursor was dissolved in water, which was previously acidified with different volumes of concentrated hydrochloric (HCl) and 12 M solution of sulfuric acid (H2SO4). After the dissolution, different chemicals
Nanocomposites comprised of homogeneously dispersed magnetic iron-oxide nanoparticles and poly(methyl methacrylate)
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1613–1622, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.153
- dissolution of the Fe cations from the nanocomposite and the nanoparticles was tested with dissolution in the presence of citric acid at pH 1, where further details can be found in Supporting Information File 1. Characterization The particle size, crystallinity and dispersion over the nanocomposites were
- neighboring nanoparticles. Leaching of the Fe cations from the nanocomposites under physiological conditions can limit their use. We tested the dissolution of NPs from the nanocomposite under much harsher conditions (see Supporting Information File 1). For comparison, we performed experiments on samples NP-RA
- , NP-RA-PMMA and NC-3 in a solution of citric acid. Under sufficiently acidic conditions (pH < 6) the citric acid boosts the dissolution of iron oxide due to the chelate effect [32]. The results are presented as the wt % of dissolved Fe relative to the total Fe in the iron oxide nanoparticles. It was
Closed polymer containers based on phenylboronic esters of resorcinarenes
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1594–1601, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.151
- received without any further purification. Resorcinarene RA was synthesized as described in [38]. Synthesis of SRA A mixture of Na2SO3 (3.45 g, 27.4 mmol) and paraldehyde (0.823 g, 27.4 mmol) was heated in 5 mL of water at 80 °C until complete dissolution. Then RA (2 g, 2.74 mmol) in 30 mL ethanol was
Preparation and morphology-dependent wettability of porous alumina membranes
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1423–1436, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.135
- transparent, it is advisable to designate the required surface of the PAM in advance. Further, the detachment of the alumina from the substrate was performed by Al dissolution in a saturated solution of cupric chloride and hydrochloric acid (HCl/CuCl2). Chemical dissolution of the barrier layer at the bottom
Cyclodextrin inhibits zinc corrosion by destabilizing point defect formation in the oxide layer
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 936–944, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.86
- , 7491 Trondheim, Norway 10.3762/bjnano.9.86 Abstract Corrosion inhibitors are added in low concentrations to corrosive solutions for reducing the corrosion rate of a metallic material. Their mechanism of action is typically the blocking of free metal surface by adsorption, thus slowing down dissolution
- dissolution was investigated using a scanning flow cell (SFC), with an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) downstream [17][18], which allows for the detection of dissolved species [19]. The KCl concentration was kept low, as high salt loads are challenging in experiments with ICP-MS online
- analytics. Figure 2 shows a significant decrease in the dissolution current of zinc in 0.01 M KCl, from 54 ± 5 μA·cm−2 in the absence of β-CD to 1.2 ± 0.3 μA·cm−2 in the presence of 0.05 mM β-CD. The zinc dissolution inhibition efficiency is thus ≈97% in 0.01 M KCl, where η > 90%. Consequently, the
Heavy-metal detectors based on modified ferrite nanoparticles
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 762–770, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.69
- dissolution in ethanol were drop-cast on a carbon-covered 400 mesh Cu grid. The XRD apparatus requires the placement of a small amount of powder on a nylon loop coated with high-viscosity synthetic oil. Infrared spectra (IR) were collected in a spectral range between 400 and 4000 cm−1 and were attained by a
Kinetics of solvent supported tubule formation of Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) wax on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) investigated by atomic force microscopy
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 468–481, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.45
- images demonstrating both tubule growth and dissolution after applying a 10 µL droplet of 1 mg/mL wax solution onto HOPG is presented in Figure 4 (Video 2, Supporting Information File 2). The growth pattern follows the same rodlet→ring→tubule growth behavior as that observed for the 0.8 mg/mL wax
- period also the dissolution of some previously formed but obviously unstable structures are observed, for instance within the oval surface region marked in Figure 4a and 4d. The average heights of the rodlets in Figure 4a are ≈30 nm (black arrow) and 60 nm (white arrow) whereas the height of the
- concentration of LWM molecules adsorbed on the surface, and LWMtubul refers to molecules incorporated into growing or completed tubules. At least the second step (but possibly also the first) is reversible, because the dissolution of initially formed rodlets was observed (see Figure 4). The fact, that the
Temperature-tunable lasing from dye-doped chiral microdroplets encapsulated in a thin polymeric film
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 379–383, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.37
- nm for a temperature variation of 18 °C. The tuning proves that, even if the droplets are embedded in a polymeric matrix, the liquid crystalline structure is fluid enough to allow the dissolution of more chiral dopant inside the nematic liquid crystal, increasing the winding of the cholesteric helix
BN/Ag hybrid nanomaterials with petal-like surfaces as catalysts and antibacterial agents
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 250–261, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.27
- antibacterial activity, the wide application of Ag NPs is restricted by their poor dispersion stability and high tendency to agglomeration. This reduces their specific surface areas, dissolution rate and, eventually, antibacterial efficiency. Therefore, it is extremely important to use supports which could not
CdSe nanorod/TiO2 nanoparticle heterojunctions with enhanced solar- and visible-light photocatalytic activity
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2741–2752, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.273
- 30 min at room temperature to ensure complete dissolution of precursors. Next, the solution was transferred to a teflon-lined stainless steel autoclave with 100 mL capacity and heated to 180 °C for 12 h. After cooling to room temperature, the CdSe NRs were recovered by centrifugation (4000 rpm for 15
One-step chemical vapor deposition synthesis and supercapacitor performance of nitrogen-doped porous carbon–carbon nanotube hybrids
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2669–2679, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.267
- SP-300 potentiostat/galvanostat (Bio-Logic Science Instrument, France) in the frequency range of 20 kHz–10 mHz at zero potential with an amplitude of 10 mV. Results and Discussion Material structure The SEM analysis of the samples, obtained after dissolution of the MgO support, evidenced the co
Surfactant-induced enhancement of droplet adhesion in superhydrophobic soybean (Glycine max L.) leaves
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2345–2356, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.234
- -soluble herbicides [31]. Numerical values of HLB range from zero to twenty. For a few species and adjuvants, a dissolution or structural alteration of epicuticular wax has been described [32][33][34]. Here we studied the influence of six surfactants with different HLB values on the epicuticular wax
- surfactants were caused by dissolution of the EWCs as shown in Figure 5. SBO 10 and XP ED 28-14 showed a reduction in density and height of the EWC from approximately 1–1.2 µm to below 0.5 µm (Figure 5A,F) compared to the water-treated leaf surfaces (Figure 1D). The most prominent changes in the EWC structure
- were found within a single leaf and correlated to wax crystal density, whereby a less dense layer of wax crystals led to lower CAs. The fast dissolution of the epicuticular wax (here investigated over a time period of 4 min) correlates with an increase in the droplet adhesion, as shown by the increase
Tailoring the nanoscale morphology of HKUST-1 thin films via codeposition and seeded growth
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2307–2314, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.230
- stable after initial formation when the sample was maintained in the DMSO codeposition solution. However, the film thickness increase observed for the 48 h sample may suggest that film growth reoccurred after dissolution of the initial crystallites. This revealed a dynamic process at the interface that
Vapor-based polymers: from films to nanostructures
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2219–2220, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.221
- character of vapor-based coatings can furthermore be used to create nanostructures. Balkan et al. report the formation of coaxial nanotubes by the consecutive deposition of polyaniline and poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate) on a template with mesoscopic pores [8]. The dissolution of the template results in the
Surface functionalization of 3D-printed plastics via initiated chemical vapor deposition
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1629–1636, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.162
- dissolution of the polymer coating, the lattice coated with P(HEMA-co-EGDA) was soaked in water for three days and then was dried and placed back into the water, whereupon it sank, demonstrating the retention of its hydrophilicity. To study the limitations of the iCVD process for coating macro-scale plastics
Oxidative chemical vapor deposition of polyaniline thin films
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1266–1276, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.128
- was possible. However, the ease of dissolution further supports our earlier conclusion that these conditions led to films that were primarily soluble oligomers. SEM and XPS of as-deposited and washed oCVD PANI films Given that the base case condition (Table 1) seems to have yielded the preferred
AgCl-doped CdSe quantum dots with near-IR photoluminescence
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1156–1166, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.117
- ) before [22], which should be more stable than our new precursor, namely a AgCl solution in trioctylphosphine (TOP). Ag4Cl4(PPh3)4 was added to the reaction mass in solid state without prior dissolution. There were some problems with setting the exact Ag to Cd ratio and with achieving a high concentration
- different mechanisms that could explain this process including dissolution of TPs, melting of TPs, Ostwald ripening and, which seems the most probable, their combinations. Some of these processes would lead to highly defective structures. XRF analysis and EDX/TEM imaging During storage of the samples a
ZnO nanoparticles sensitized by CuInZnxS2+x quantum dots as highly efficient solar light driven photocatalysts
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1080–1093, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.110
- dissolved in an OA/ODE mixture (4.1 mmol/10 mmol, respectively) at 100 °C under nitrogen. The solution was maintained at 80 °C after dissolution of the reagents. After 20 min of CIS core growth, a first portion of Zn2+-OA/ODE mixture (0.5 mL) was injected into the crude core solution maintained at 210 °C
The integration of graphene into microelectronic devices
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1056–1064, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.107
- the type of metal removal. The first approach is based on the removal of the metal layer during the CVD process by evaporation [26] or agglomeration [27]. However, the evaporation process lowers the graphene quality. The other approach is the implementation of a dissolution–precipitation mechanism of
- carbon in nickel at high temperatures and removing the metal after the deposition process. Here carbon is introduced into Ni by deposition of C/Ni sandwich layers or by ion implantation [28] or dissolution of carbon into nickel in a plasma-enhanced CVD process [29]. Upon heating up to about 1000 °C
Needs and challenges for assessing the environmental impacts of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs)
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 989–1014, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.101
- consideration of various issues that include, but are not limited to the: behavior of ENMs in various media (e.g., dissolution, agglomeration/aggregation, adsorption); persistence (techniques to predict aspects of degradation of certain ENMs; transportation/distribution; predicted environmental concentrations
- with an aspect ratio less than 3:1, a length greater than 5 μm, a diameter less than 3 μm, and an aqueous dissolution rate (suggesting biopersistence) greater than 100 mg/L or a pulmonary half-life upon intratracheal instillation greater than or equal to 40 days. Passive ENMs are those materials
- particle size, surface area, composition, crystallinity, and surface chemistry); system-dependent properties (e.g., dissolution rate in biological simulation fluid (BSF), release of toxic ions, size in relevant media and dispersibility); biopersistence (e.g., property of the ENM to persist in a cell
Liquid permeation and chemical stability of anodic alumina membranes
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 561–570, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.60
- penetrant solution and increases in basic media. According to 27Al NMR and thermogravimetry results, the degradation of the membranes is associated with the dissolution of water-soluble [Al13O4(OH)24(H2O)12]7+ polyhydroxocomplexes and their further redeposition in the form of [Al(OH)4]−, resulting in
- channels blocking. This process intensifies in basic pH due to the high positive charge of the anodic alumina surface. An approach for improving anodic aluminum oxide stability towards dissolution in water by carbon CVD coating of the membrane walls is suggested. Keywords: anodic alumina; carbon-modified
- deionized water was used in experiments, we suggested that the degradation of the membrane occurred by dissolution of the anodic aluminum oxide and its further redeposition on the pore walls. For a detailed determination of the anodic alumina degradation mechanism, chemical dissolution and buffered solution
Copper atomic-scale transistors
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 530–538, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.57
- the stabilizing procedure, the gate electrode is disconnected from the ground and electrically suspended in the electrolyte in order to prevent copper dissolution from the gate during the following training procedure. The third step is the training and switching procedure, which is similar to the one
- the drain is virtually grounded via an operation amplifier. A bias voltage (Ubias) is applied on the source electrode. Electrochemical deposition/dissolution is realized by changing the potential on the counter electrode. At the beginning of the experiment the electrochemical potential is set to 350
- microscope objective was contacted with a drop of copper electrolyte (CuSO4 (4 mM) + H2SO4 (0.1 M)), and a copper wire serving as a counter electrode was partially immersed in the electrolyte. Electrochemical deposition/dissolution processes on the microelectrodes were observed in situ with a confocal
Role of oxygen in wetting of copper nanoparticles on silicon surfaces at elevated temperature
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 425–433, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.45
- galvanic displacement reaction proceeds easily. This dissolution of Si in water from the surface as SiF62− increases the Si surface roughness during the deposition. In several studies, copper oxide on different substrates have been grown by the direct thermal oxidation of Cu. Pure copper oxide has been
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