Glucose-derived carbon materials with tailored properties as electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction

• Rafael Gomes Morais,
• Natalia Rey-Raap,
• José Luís Figueiredo and
• Manuel Fernando Ribeiro Pereira

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1089–1102, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.109

• which heteroatoms can be incorporated, and so materials with a lower degree of functionalization are obtained. Further understanding of the functionalities of the carbon materials was achieved by analyzing their surface composition by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The XPS spectra in the C 1s

• treatment. This effect is less obvious in the spectra of the activated sample, as its higher chemical stability results in a lower degree of functionalization and, therefore, a lower formation of the triazine aromatic ring. The high-resolution N 1s spectra of doped samples was deconvoluted into three

• melamine and to incorporate nitrogen atoms into the carbon structure. Additionally, a carbonized sample was prepared under a N2 flow of 150 cm3 min−1 at 700 °C for 2 h, to isolate the effect of functionalization with respect to the surface area. This sample also underwent the same two doping methods as the

Direct growth of few-layer graphene on AlN-based resonators for high-sensitivity gravimetric biosensors

• Jimena Olivares,
• Teona Mirea,
• Lorena Gordillo-Dagallier,
• Bruno Marco,
• José Miguel Escolano,
• Marta Clement and
• Enrique Iborra

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 975–984, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.98

• -based solidly mounted resonators (SMR) using a low-temperature chemical vapour deposition (CVD) process assisted by Ni catalysts, and its effective bio-functionalization with antibodies. The SMRs are manufactured on top of fully insulating AlN/SiO2 acoustic mirrors able to withstand the temperatures

• graphene integration. Raman spectra reveal that the as-grown graphene is composed of less than five weakly coupled layers with a low density of defects. Two functionalization protocols of the graphene are proposed. The first one, based on a covalent binding approach, starts with a low-damage O2 plasma

• functionalization protocol is based on the non-covalent bonding of streptavidin on hydrophobic graphene surfaces. The two protocols end with the effective bonding of biotinylated anti-IgG antibodies to the streptavidin, which leaves the surface of the devices ready for possible IgG detection. Keywords: biomolecule

Structural and optical properties of penicillamine-protected gold nanocluster fractions separated by sequential size-selective fractionation

• Xiupei Yang,
• Zhengli Yang,
• Fenglin Tang,
• Jing Xu,
• Maoxue Zhang and
• Martin M. F. Choi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 955–966, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.96

• nanomaterials, thereby providing opportunities for selective applications. Although many methods of AuNC synthesis with different surface functionalization have been developed [6], the products generally have a wide range of sizes (e.g., 2 to 12 nm) [7], and with some impurities [7][8]. Although the dispersion

The systemic effect of PEG-nGO-induced oxidative stress in vivo in a rodent model

• Qura Tul Ain,
• Samina Hyder Haq,
• Abeer Alshammari,
• Moudhi Abdullah Al-Mutlaq and
• Muhammad Naeem Anjum

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 901–911, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.91

• PEG has gained considerable attention and interest due to its unique physiochemical properties [46]. The functionalization of GO with PEG has been reported to improve the stability in aqueous solution and the biocompatibility, making it an ideal drug-delivery vehicle [47][48]. Rapid progress has been

Comparing a porphyrin- and a coumarin-based dye adsorbed on NiO(001)

• Sara Freund,
• Antoine Hinaut,
• Nathalie Marinakis,
• Edwin C. Constable,
• Ernst Meyer,
• Catherine E. Housecroft and
• Thilo Glatzel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 874–881, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.88

• semiconductor TiO2 has become one of the most extensively studied metal oxides, especially in the context of scanning probe microscopy (SPM) [1]. The working principle of an n-type DSSC, which is shown in Figure 1a, relies on the functionalization of TiO2 surfaces with dye molecules enabling the absorption of

• -bandgap p-type semiconductors, such as NiO, and their functionalization with sensitizers, have been less extensively studied by using SPM [12][13][14][15]. NiO was the first reported p-type wide-bandgap semiconductor [16], and can be used for the fabrication of p-type DSSCs with photoactive cathodes, a

Tungsten disulfide-based nanocomposites for photothermal therapy

• Tzuriel Levin,
• Hagit Sade,
• Rina Ben-Shabbat Binyamini,
• Maayan Pour,
• Iftach Nachman and
• Jean-Paul Lellouche

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 811–822, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.81

• . Functionalization of the nanotubes with CAN-mag nanoparticles resulted in a magnetic nanocomposite. When tested in vitro with two types of cancer cells, the functionalized nanotubes showed a better PTT activity compared to non-functionalized nanotubes, as well as reduced aggregation and the ability to add a second

• ; surface functionalization; WS2 nanotubes; Introduction In 1992, Prof. Reshef Tenne reported the synthesis of cylindrical and polyhedral nanostructures of tungsten disulfide (WS2) [1]. These nanostructures are composed of triple-layer units, where a hexagonal layer of tungsten atoms is sandwiched between

• , thereby offering the possibility of bonding of additional biologically active agents. The properties of the CAN-mag also enabled magnetism-based targeting. In order to maximize the benefit from TMDC nanostructures in different applications, their surface functionalization is important. The relative

Polydopamine-coated Au nanorods for targeted fluorescent cell imaging and photothermal therapy

• Boris N. Khlebtsov,
• Andrey M. Burov,
• Timofey E. Pylaev and
• Nikolai G. Khlebtsov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 794–803, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.79

• fluids because of a cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) bilayer on the AuNR surface, which is a necessary agent in the synthesis method [16]. The coating of the nanoparticles with polymeric or inorganic shells and further functionalization with target molecules can help to overcome this drawback

• -PDA based nanocomposites that combine fluorescent imaging modality with folate targeting and PPT ability have not been reported in the literature. Herein, we present PDA-coated NIR-absorbing AuNRs and used the potential of the PDA layer for folate surface functionalization and rhodamine 123 (R123

• silica shells. However, PDA coating makes the functionalization with any amine-containing ligand very simple and robust. It is sufficient to incubate PDA-coated nanorods with a desired functionalization component (for example, with folate and R123). Furthermore, the biocompatibility of the PDA biopolymer

Commercial polycarbonate track-etched membranes as substrates for low-cost optical sensors

• Paula Martínez-Pérez and
• Jaime García-Rupérez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 677–683, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.67

• ]. Additionally, by proper functionalization, label-free and specific detection can be achieved [2][3][4]. Optical sensors whose working principle is based on the detection of changes in the refractive index (RI) are the most widely used ones. Among them, those that base the sensing process on the interaction of

Ultrathin hydrophobic films based on the metal organic framework UiO-66-COOH(Zr)

• Miguel A. Andrés,
• Clemence Sicard,
• Christian Serre,
• Olivier Roubeau and
• Ignacio Gascón

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 654–665, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.65

• [24] and spray methods [25]. Compared to other methodologies that allow the deposition of MOF thin films, the Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) technique presents some advantages. Previous functionalization of the surface is not necessary and the film obtained can be as thin as one monolayer of MOF particles

• important characteristic in many practical applications. Aguado et al. [37] obtained hydrophobic SIM-2 by post-synthetic functionalization of SIM-1 films deposited onto anodic alumina disks (MOF layer thickness ≈20 µm). Grzybowski et al. [45] obtained freestanding, porphyrin-based MOF films approximately

A carrier velocity model for electrical detection of gas molecules

• Ali Hosseingholi Pourasl,
• Sharifah Hafizah Syed Ariffin,
• Mohammad Taghi Ahmadi,
• Razali Ismail and
• Niayesh Gharaei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 644–653, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.64

• adsorption or desorption of molecules [3][4]. Thus, many studies have been conducted regarding the synthesis, characterization and implementation of GNRs for the detection of gas molecules and biomolecular species. The importance of the GNR-based electrodes, surface functionalization techniques, and

Topochemical engineering of composite hybrid fibers using layered double hydroxides and abietic acid

• Liji Sobhana,
• Lokesh Kesavan,
• Jan Gustafsson and
• Pedro Fardim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 589–605, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.60

• solution. The newly formed wet hybrid fiber handsheets were pressed twice at a force of 400 ± 10 kPa between couch blotters for increased drying. Further, these handsheets were conditioned at 23 °C temperature in a room with 50% of relative humidity for 2 days. Functionalization of LDH grafted cellulose

• fibrillation increases the specific surface area of the fibers and the number of sites for functionalization/grafting/adsorption. In addition, external fibrillation increases inter-fiber bonding which might lead to an increase in tensile strength of the fiber networks. Small separate pieces beaten out from

• BKPR, UBKPR) either maintains or reduces the existing tensile strength (Table S1, Supporting Information File 1). Hence, the refined fibers do not need any chemical treatment to increase the tensile strength, while the unrefined fibers need chemical functionalization. In the case of fibers directly

Hydrophilicity and carbon chain length effects on the gas sensing properties of chemoresistive, self-assembled monolayer carbon nanotube sensors

• Juan Casanova-Cháfer,
• Carla Bittencourt and
• Eduard Llobet

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 565–577, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.58

• using single-walled carbon nanotubes instead of MWCNTs and by further optimizing the chain length, head functional groups and the amount of the carbon nanotube sidewall functionalization. Also, the time needed for recovering the baseline should be improved as well. A few well-known options to diminish

• . Experimental Functionalization of carbon nanotubes Multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) functionalized with carboxylic acid (COOH) were purchased from Nanocyl S.A. (Belgium). These nanotubes were produced by a catalytic chemical vapor deposition (c-CVD method) and purified to greater than 95%. The average

Polymorphic self-assembly of pyrazine-based tectons at the solution–solid interface

• Achintya Jana,
• Puneet Mishra and
• Neeladri Das

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 494–499, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.50

• -assemble on any given substrate. Some of the avenues explored to ensure immobilization of the desired molecules involve functionalization of the molecule by long alkyl chains acting as anchors [13] or utilization of a molecular template [14], but they have limitations such as difficulty in the synthesis of

Sub-wavelength waveguide properties of 1D and surface-functionalized SnO₂ nanostructures of various morphologies

• Venkataramana Bonu,
• Binaya Kumar Sahu,
• Arindam Das,
• Sankarakumar Amirthapandian,
• Sandip Dhara and
• Harish C. Barshilia

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 379–388, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.37

• measurements and a band diagram is proposed. Keywords: functionalization; nanowires; photoluminescence; SnO2; sub-wavelength waveguide; Introduction The development and understanding of one-dimensional (1D) nanowire (NW) sub-wavelength waveguides is a crucial step towards on-chip routing of optical signals

• direction [6]. In Figure 6c, the wire was excited in the middle and then the emitted light had travelled towards both sides. When a NB functionalized with octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS) was excited in the middle, it showed blue light emission at both ends (Figure 6d). Due to functionalization using OTS, the

• usual yellow-red luminescence (owing to bridging oxygen vacancies; OB) of the SnO2 is significantly suppressed and the luminescence appearing around the blue spectrum (owing to in-plane O vacancies; OP) becomes strong [13]. Interestingly, with surface functionalization, luminescence tuning is

Effects of post-lithography cleaning on the yield and performance of CVD graphene-based devices

• Eduardo Nery Duarte de Araujo,
• Thiago Alonso Stephan Lacerda de Sousa,
• Luciano de Moura Guimarães and
• Flavio Plentz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 349–355, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.34

• electrical properties to surface phenomena and the existence of several routes for its surface functionalization, grant this 2D material plenty of application possibilities [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. Among the several synthesis methods of high-quality graphene, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) stands out as

Nitrous oxide as an effective AFM tip functionalization: a comparative study

• Taras Chutora,
• Bruno de la Torre,
• Pingo Mutombo,
• Jack Hellerstedt,
• Jaromír Kopeček,
• Pavel Jelínek and
• Martin Švec

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 315–321, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.30

• apexes. Keywords: atomic force microscopy; Au(111); carbon monoxide; functionalization; high resolution; nitrous oxide; submolecular resolution; Introduction Frequency-modulated atomic force microscopy (AFM) has become the tool of choice for the characterization of molecules on the atomic scale

• . Functionalization of a metallic tip apex with a single carbon monoxide molecule (CO) was the key to achieve submolecular resolution for the first time, on a pentacene molecule [1]. This milestone initiated a vigorous development of the technique that now serves a variety of purposes. For example, it can identify

• tip functionalization and describe their unique properties. Here we present a process in which N2O was deposited on a Au(111) substrate and characterized. Subsequently we functionalized the Au tip with N2O and benchmarked its capabilities by imaging a FePc molecule and performing force–distance

Nanoporous water oxidation electrodes with a low loading of laser-deposited Ru/C exhibit enhanced corrosion stability

• Sandra Haschke,
• Dmitrii Pankin,
• Vladimir Mikhailovskii,
• Maïssa K. S. Barr,
• Adriana Both-Engel,
• Alina Manshina and
• Julien Bachmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 157–167, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.15

• successful deposition method to the functionalization of highly ordered nanostructured anodic alumina templates [35][36][37][38][39] (Note: as our system is based on pores of diameter >50 nm, it is macroporous according to the IUPAC definition; we will use the more general wording “nanoporous” and

Wet chemistry route for the decoration of carbon nanotubes with iron oxide nanoparticles for gas sensing

• Hussam M. Elnabawy,
• Juan Casanova-Chafer,
• Badawi Anis,
• Mostafa Fedawy,
• Mattia Scardamaglia,
• Carla Bittencourt,
• Ahmed S. G. Khalil,
• Eduard Llobet and
• Xavier Vilanova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 105–118, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.10

• sensors can be intrinsically low-power devices make them very attractive for their integration in ubiquitous, unattended mobile sensing nodes running on small batteries or on energy harvested from their environment [4]. Among the wide range of functionalization strategies that can be envisaged for

• study of the gas sensing properties of the different hybrid nanomaterials was conducted in an effort to determine the optimal functionalization parameters to maximize sensor response. The selectivity of the resulting layer for potential interfering gases such as CO and benzene has also been investigated

• that the functionalization of the CNTs (with COOH) is still present after the decoration process. The fact that the nanoparticles consisted of Fe2O3 was further confirmed by XRD characterization. For this purpose, pure iron oxide nanoparticles were prepared following the procedure described above

Colloidal chemistry with patchy silica nanoparticles

• Pierre-Etienne Rouet,
• Cyril Chomette,
• Laurent Adumeau,
• Etienne Duguet and
• Serge Ravaine

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2989–2998, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.278

• , i.e., well-calibrated silica nanospheres or core–shell nanoparticles, were obtained according to a seeded-growth protocol [22] and a method using methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-thiol as a coupling agent [23], respectively. Their surface functionalization with carboxylic acid groups was performed by a

• by the citrate-reduction method reported by Turkevich [29]. SiO2 coating was carried out after surface functionalization of the gold nanoparticles by using a PEG-SH (Mw = 5000) aqueous solution in a similar manner as described in [23]. The surface modification allowed for the replacement of the

Nanostructure-induced performance degradation of WO₃·nH₂O for energy conversion and storage devices

• Zhenyin Hai,
• Mohammad Karbalaei Akbari,
• Zihan Wei,
• Danfeng Cui,
• Chenyang Xue,
• Hongyan Xu,
• Philippe M. Heynderickx,
• Francis Verpoort and
• Serge Zhuiykov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2845–2854, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.265

• energy-related field is rapidly developing, the limits of 2D TMOs began to come clear and ways of chemical functionalization were developed to make them more suitable for practical applications [16][17][18]. However, comparably less attention has been paid to the comprehensive investigation of the

Graphene-enhanced metal oxide gas sensors at room temperature: a review

• Dongjin Sun,
• Yifan Luo,
• Marc Debliquy and
• Chao Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2832–2844, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.264

• micromorphology of hybrids. An important way to enhance the selectivity of composite sensors is mixing or doping with other phases (noble metals or conducting polymers). Similarly, the recovery time can be reduced by surface functionalization of graphene/metal-oxide hybrids with specific functional molecules such

Controlling surface morphology and sensitivity of granular and porous silver films for surface-enhanced Raman scattering, SERS

• Sherif Okeil and
• Jörg J. Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2813–2831, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.263

• the atmosphere before the measurement. Although XPS and Auger measurements could not detect nitrogen functionalization on the metal surface, these techniques do reveal that nitrogen plasma treated silver films differ slightly from the as-sputtered films and from the hydrogen plasma treated films. This

Magnetic and luminescent coordination networks based on imidazolium salts and lanthanides for sensitive ratiometric thermometry

• Pierre Farger,
• Cédric Leuvrey,
• Mathieu Gallart,
• Pierre Gilliot,
• Guillaume Rogez,
• João Rocha,
• Duarte Ananias,
• Pierre Rabu and
• Emilie Delahaye

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2775–2787, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.259

• charged imidazolium dicarboxylate salts [31][32][33][34]. Contrarily to the classical imidazolium salts or ionic liquids used in ionothermal syntheses [35][36][37][38][39][40], the functionalization of imidazolium moieties with coordinating functions reduces the influence of the imidazolium salt on the

Comparative biological effects of spherical noble metal nanoparticles (Rh, Pd, Ag, Pt, Au) with 4–8 nm diameter

• Alexander Rostek,
• Marina Breisch,
• Kevin Pappert,
• Kateryna Loza,
• Marc Heggen,
• Manfred Köller,
• Christina Sengstock and
• Matthias Epple

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2763–2774, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.258

• functionalization were all the same. Size and morphology of the nanoparticles were determined by dynamic light scattering (DLS), analytical disc centrifugation (differential centrifugal sedimentation, DCS), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). Cell-biological experiments were performed to

• metal are prepared and analysed. Furthermore, their surface functionalization, charge, and shape are usually different, so that a biological effect cannot be readily elucidated [45][46][47]. Thus, the nanoparticles cannot be compared with respect to their biological action [11][12][13][48][49][50][51

• , Pd, Ag, Pt and Au that are of the same size and have the same surface functionalization (PVP) to compare their biological effect on a well-established system, i.e., on human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC). Materials and Methods Chemicals Poly(N-vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP K 30, Povidon 30; Fluka, M

Accurate control of the covalent functionalization of single-walled carbon nanotubes for the electro-enzymatically controlled oxidation of biomolecules

• Naoual Allali,
• Veronika Urbanova,
• Mathieu Etienne,
• Xavier Devaux,
• Martine Mallet,
• Brigitte Vigolo,
• Jean-Joseph Adjizian,
• Chris P. Ewels,
• Sven Oberg,
• Alexander V. Soldatov,
• Edward McRae,
• Yves Fort,
• Manuel Dossot and
• Victor Mamane

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2750–2762, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.257

• surface of the CNTs. This system can be applied to biosensing, as exemplified for glucose detection. The well-controlled and well-characterized functionalization of essentially clean SWCNTs enabled us to establish the maximum level of impurity content, below which the f-SWCNT intrinsic electrochemical

• activity is not jeopardized. Keywords: biosensing; carbon nanotubes; covalent functionalization; electrocatalysis; ferrocene; Introduction Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been recognized as interesting candidates for developing electrochemical sensors for almost two decades [1][2][3]. They have been used to

• quantify the covalent functionalization of the CNTs. If one wants to control the chemistry made on the tubes at each step, it is absolutely mandatory to start from a very clean sample. Purified HiPco® SWCNTs are now commercially available at reasonable prices and constitute such a clean sample. In our