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Search for "hierarchical" in Full Text gives 173 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology.

Rigid multipodal platforms for metal surfaces

  • Michal Valášek,
  • Marcin Lindner and
  • Marcel Mayor

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 374–405, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.34

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  • through three anchoring groups. An extended study by Katano et al. investigated by UHV-STM analysis at 4.7 K also confirmed the three-point contacts of 17 on Au(111) surfaces and showed that these tripodal molecules form a highly ordered “two-tiered” hierarchical chiral self-assembly on a gold surface [86
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Published 08 Mar 2016

Synthesis and applications of carbon nanomaterials for energy generation and storage

  • Marco Notarianni,
  • Jinzhang Liu,
  • Kristy Vernon and
  • Nunzio Motta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 149–196, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.17

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Published 01 Feb 2016

Evaluation of gas-sensing properties of ZnO nanostructures electrochemically doped with Au nanophases

  • Elena Dilonardo,
  • Michele Penza,
  • Marco Alvisi,
  • Cinzia Di Franco,
  • Francesco Palmisano,
  • Luisa Torsi and
  • Nicola Cioffi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 22–31, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.3

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  • strategies have been developed to improve the gas-sensing properties of MOS-based gas sensors. These include the synthesis of porous nanoparticles [25][26] the assembly of hierarchical structures [27][28], the use of catalysts and promoters [29][30], multi-sensor array systems [31], the optimization of the
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Published 08 Jan 2016

Fabrication of hybrid graphene oxide/polyelectrolyte capsules by means of layer-by-layer assembly on erythrocyte cell templates

  • Joseba Irigoyen,
  • Nikolaos Politakos,
  • Eleftheria Diamanti,
  • Elena Rojas,
  • Marco Marradi,
  • Raquel Ledezma,
  • Layza Arizmendi,
  • J. Alberto Rodríguez,
  • Ronald F. Ziolo and
  • Sergio E. Moya

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2310–2318, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.237

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  • lead to materials with properties more like G than GO [12][13][14][15]. The derivatization of G to form GO leads to easily dispersible and stable systems containing GO with an overall surface charge while exfoliated, for example, in water [16]. The use of GO sheets in the formation of hierarchical
  • internal volume and form planar films with nanoscale thicknesses. Such films could be used to build additional hierarchical structures or for integration into devices; moreover, by the judicious choice of reagents, the GO may be further reduced to form rGO to alter particularly the electronic, mechanical
  • image of the same area analysed in a). Acknowledgements This work was financially supported by the Marie Curie project “Higraphen, Hierarchical functionalization and assembly of Graphene for multiple device fabrication” (HiGRAPHEN) (Grant ref: 612704). The authors also acknowledge the project MAT2013
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Published 04 Dec 2015

Analysis of soil bacteria susceptibility to manufactured nanoparticles via data visualization

  • Rong Liu,
  • Yuan Ge,
  • Patricia A. Holden and
  • Yoram Cohen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1635–1651, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.166

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  • multi-dimensional scaling (NMDS) of the dataset, along with hierarchical clustering, demonstrated that high doses of ZnO and TiO2 MNPs caused significant compositional changes in soil bacterial communities. The suitability of family level for MNP taxonomic impact assessment was demonstrated by both the
  • different MNPs were projected and explored via two-dimensional (2D) maps constructed by hierarchical clustering [32][38][39] and multidimensional scaling [32][40]. Also, a recently developed distance correlation [41] was employed to quantify the consistency between MNP impacts summarized at a range of
  • the impact of the 15 treatments on soil bacterial communities [18]. The OTUs were further summarized/assigned into a set of hierarchical taxa (i.e., genus (446), family (135), order (53), class (41), and phylum (19); the total number of taxa at each taxonomic level is given in the parentheses) [18
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Published 28 Jul 2015

The eNanoMapper database for nanomaterial safety information

  • Nina Jeliazkova,
  • Charalampos Chomenidis,
  • Philip Doganis,
  • Bengt Fadeel,
  • Roland Grafström,
  • Barry Hardy,
  • Janna Hastings,
  • Markus Hegi,
  • Vedrin Jeliazkov,
  • Nikolay Kochev,
  • Pekka Kohonen,
  • Cristian R. Munteanu,
  • Haralambos Sarimveis,
  • Bart Smeets,
  • Pantelis Sopasakis,
  • Georgia Tsiliki,
  • David Vorgrimmler and
  • Egon Willighagen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1609–1634, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.165

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  • and becomes available in tools such as BioPortal automatically. The hierarchical classification structure of the ontology, together with the use of domain-specific relationships, is envisioned to enable intelligent searching, browsing and clustering tools to be developed in the future, as well as to
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Published 27 Jul 2015

Polymer blend lithography for metal films: large-area patterning with over 1 billion holes/inch2

  • Cheng Huang,
  • Alexander Förste,
  • Stefan Walheim and
  • Thomas Schimmel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1205–1211, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.123

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  • hierarchical micro–nano structures for applications such as cell-adhesion studies [36][37]. Metals like Cr, Au or Cu are good etching resists. Therefore the metal masks could be used to amplify the topographic contrast by anisotropic etching into the substrate with techniques such as reactive ion etching [38
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Published 26 May 2015

Fulleropeptide esters as potential self-assembled antioxidants

  • Mira S. Bjelaković,
  • Tatjana J. Kop,
  • Jelena Đorđević and
  • Dragana R. Milić

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1065–1071, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.107

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  • contrast to the rod-like particles of non-peptidic ester 1, solid samples of fulleropeptides generated different, hierarchical, highly organized assemblies such as flower-like, artichoke-like and spiral objects. During the slow evaporation of the solvent, all compounds, regardless of the number of peptide
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Published 27 Apr 2015

From lithium to sodium: cell chemistry of room temperature sodium–air and sodium–sulfur batteries

  • Philipp Adelhelm,
  • Pascal Hartmann,
  • Conrad L. Bender,
  • Martin Busche,
  • Christine Eufinger and
  • Juergen Janek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1016–1055, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.105

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Published 23 Apr 2015

Exploiting the hierarchical morphology of single-walled and multi-walled carbon nanotube films for highly hydrophobic coatings

  • Francesco De Nicola,
  • Paola Castrucci,
  • Manuela Scarselli,
  • Francesca Nanni,
  • Ilaria Cacciotti and
  • Maurizio De Crescenzi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 353–360, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.34

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  • Istituto di Struttura della Materia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ISM-CNR), Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00100 Roma, Italy 10.3762/bjnano.6.34 Abstract Self-assembled hierarchical solid surfaces are very interesting for wetting phenomena, as observed in a variety of natural and artificial
  • investigation of carbon nanotube films through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) reveals the multi-scale hierarchical morphology of the self-assembled carbon nanotube random networks. Moreover, contact angle measurements show that hierarchical SWCNT/MWCNT composite surfaces exhibit a higher hydrophobicity
  • (contact angles of up to 137°) than bare SWCNT (110°) and MWCNT (97°) coatings, thereby confirming the enhancement produced by the surface hierarchical morphology. Keywords: hierarchical structures; hydrophobic surfaces; multi-walled carbon nanotube; single-walled carbon nanotube; wetting transitions
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Published 02 Feb 2015

Multifunctional layered magnetic composites

  • Maria Siglreitmeier,
  • Baohu Wu,
  • Tina Kollmann,
  • Martin Neubauer,
  • Gergely Nagy,
  • Dietmar Schwahn,
  • Vitaliy Pipich,
  • Damien Faivre,
  • Dirk Zahn,
  • Andreas Fery and
  • Helmut Cölfen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 134–148, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.13

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  • mineralization, hierarchical structure and toughness enhancement [23][29]. Different techniques have been used to resolve the chemical and structural composition of the organic matrix. Small angle neutron scattering (SANS) is a non-destructive method to study the nacreous organic matrix without potential changes
  • found in the scattering curves. These measurements enable the determination of the hierarchical structures along the vertical direction of the lamellar platelets of the nacre and its organic matrix over a wide range of length scales from about 1 nm to 1 μm. The data in Figure 2 show several distinct Q
  • varies from 15–65 wt % depending on the number of reaction cycles (see Figure S3, Supporting Information File 1). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) examinations of the dried hybrid materials indicate a dense layered hierarchical structure (see Figure 4a), which is similar to natural nacre. The
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Published 12 Jan 2015

Functionalization of α-synuclein fibrils

  • Simona Povilonienė,
  • Vida Časaitė,
  • Virginijus Bukauskas,
  • Arūnas Šetkus,
  • Juozas Staniulis and
  • Rolandas Meškys

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 124–133, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.12

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  • [51]. After 5 days of incubation, long filaments were observed in the fibril sample. The height of α-SynC141 fibrils was 3.12 ± 0.55 nm. Khurana et al. proposed a model for the hierarchical assembly of α-synuclein into amyloid fibrils when the pairs of protofilaments wind together to form protofibrils
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Published 12 Jan 2015

Chemoselective silicification of synthetic peptides and polyamines

  • Maryna Abacilar,
  • Fabian Daus and
  • Armin Geyer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 103–110, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.10

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  • petrifying gaze of Medusa, which turns the whole cell into stone. Step by step, biochemistry unveils the hierarchical interplay of an arsenal of low-molecular weight molecules, proteins, and the cytoskeletal architecture and it becomes clearer why the organisms invest much metabolic effort for an obviously
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Published 08 Jan 2015

Poly(styrene)/oligo(fluorene)-intercalated fluoromica hybrids: synthesis, characterization and self-assembly

  • Giuseppe Leone,
  • Francesco Galeotti,
  • William Porzio,
  • Guido Scavia,
  • Luisa Barba,
  • Gianmichele Arrighetti,
  • Giovanni Ricci,
  • Chiara Botta and
  • Umberto Giovanella

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2450–2458, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.254

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  • hierarchical organization of this material by the BF approach is feasible. Photostability The intercalation of the oligo(fluorene) molecules within the lamellae interlayers of the inorganic scaffold has dramatically improved their photophysical stability, a critical issue for fluorene-based materials [35
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Published 19 Dec 2014

Inorganic Janus particles for biomedical applications

  • Isabel Schick,
  • Steffen Lorenz,
  • Dominik Gehrig,
  • Stefan Tenzer,
  • Wiebke Storck,
  • Karl Fischer,
  • Dennis Strand,
  • Frédéric Laquai and
  • Wolfgang Tremel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2346–2362, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.244

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  • potential for development. The self-assembly of colloidal Janus particles may lead to the formation of complex hierarchical structures that do not emerge spontaneously as thermodynamically stable assemblies when particles are mixed. Fundamental studies that can help understanding the principles of self
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Published 05 Dec 2014

Liquid-phase exfoliated graphene: functionalization, characterization, and applications

  • Mildred Quintana,
  • Jesús Iván Tapia and
  • Maurizio Prato

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2328–2338, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.242

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  • also describe some of the chemical protocols that have provided insight into the vast organic chemistry of the single atomic plane of graphite. Controlled chemical reactions applied to graphene are expected to significantly improve the design of hierarchical, functional platforms, driving the inclusion
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Published 04 Dec 2014

Biopolymer colloids for controlling and templating inorganic synthesis

  • Laura C. Preiss,
  • Katharina Landfester and
  • Rafael Muñoz-Espí

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2129–2138, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.222

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  • . Furthermore, the high ability of biopolymers to form complex hierarchical structures is a major feature to be explored in the upcoming years. A better understanding of the interface between the biopolymeric component and the growing inorganic matter will continue to be the crucial issue in the design of novel
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Published 17 Nov 2014

Equilibrium states and stability of pre-tensioned adhesive tapes

  • Carmine Putignano,
  • Luciano Afferrante,
  • Luigi Mangialardi and
  • Giuseppe Carbone

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1725–1731, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.182

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  • reproducing such properties in artificial bio-mimetic adhesives [1][2][3]. In nature, many adhesive systems consist of arrays of hierarchical hairs or setae, enabling large contact areas and hence high adhesion owing to the van der Waals interaction forces [4]. This morphology enables many insects, spiders
  • and numerical models. In nature, on the other side, geckos exhibit extremely high adhesive performance also on rough substrates. The secret of this amazing behavior is mainly related to the fibrillar hierarchical geometry of the adhesion pads that makes these structures very compliant, despite the
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Published 07 Oct 2014

Growth and structural discrimination of cortical neurons on randomly oriented and vertically aligned dense carbon nanotube networks

  • Christoph Nick,
  • Sandeep Yadav,
  • Ravi Joshi,
  • Christiane Thielemann and
  • Jörg J. Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1575–1579, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.169

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  • chemistry viewpoint in future work. In conclusion, pristine randomly and vertically aligned CNTs architectures were studied with respect their use as substrates for neuron cell growth. Both CNT architectures are unique hierarchical structures to direct and control neural cell growth. To the best of our
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Published 17 Sep 2014

Ionic liquid-assisted formation of cellulose/calcium phosphate hybrid materials

  • Ahmed Salama,
  • Mike Neumann,
  • Christina Günter and
  • Andreas Taubert

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1553–1568, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.167

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  • templates and thus results in materials mostly exhibiting surface or near-surface mineral layers. The most straightforward strategy towards real, nanostructured and hierarchical carbohydrate/calcium phosphate composites would therefore be a synthesis protocol using a solvent that is able to dissolve
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Published 16 Sep 2014

Insect attachment on crystalline bioinspired wax surfaces formed by alkanes of varying chain lengths

  • Elena Gorb,
  • Sandro Böhm,
  • Nadine Jacky,
  • Louis-Philippe Maier,
  • Kirstin Dening,
  • Sasha Pechook,
  • Boaz Pokroy and
  • Stanislav Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1031–1041, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.116

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  • corrections of the manuscript. This study was partly supported by the SPP 1420 of the German Science Foundation ‘Biomimetic Materials Research: Functionality by Hierarchical Structuring of Materials’ (project GO 995 ⁄ 9-2) to SG.
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Published 14 Jul 2014

Functionalized nanostructures for enhanced photocatalytic performance under solar light

  • Liejin Guo,
  • Dengwei Jing,
  • Maochang Liu,
  • Yubin Chen,
  • Shaohua Shen,
  • Jinwen Shi and
  • Kai Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 994–1004, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.113

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  • located in ABO3 structures, and functionalized multicomponent ABO3 materials can thus be prepared by partial substitution of cations in A and B sites [46][47][48]. In this approach, we have successfully synthesized hexagonal single-crystal nanosheet-based NaSbO3 and AgSbO3 hierarchical cuboidal
  • nanosheet-based hierarchical structure could be achieved over NaSbO3 and AgSbO3 photocatalysts. Meanwhile, the single-crystal nature can reduce the crystal defects leading to more efficient charge separation. The larger surface area provides more active sites for photocatalytic reaction. The exposed {001
  • } facets as the reactive surfaces can accelerate the redox reactions. Therefore, nanosheet-based AgSbO3 photocatalysts showed a 1.8 times higher initial O2 evolution rate than AgSbO3 photocatalysts without the hierarchical structure under visible-light irradiation. Besides facet control, microstructure
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Published 09 Jul 2014

Fibrillar adhesion with no clusterisation: Functional significance of material gradient along adhesive setae of insects

  • Stanislav N. Gorb and
  • Alexander E. Filippov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 837–845, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.95

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  • contact may be increased due to the presence of specific micro- and nanostructures [1][2][3][4][5]. Crack trapping mechanisms in adhesive systems with multiple contacts provide advantages in attachment on rough substrates [6]. Also hierarchical organization of insect pad structures enables formation of
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Published 12 Jun 2014

Measuring air layer volumes retained by submerged floating-ferns Salvinia and biomimetic superhydrophobic surfaces

  • Matthias J. Mayser,
  • Holger F. Bohn,
  • Meike Reker and
  • Wilhelm Barthlott

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 812–821, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.93

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  • possess a multiscale roughness on several hierarchical levels resulting in a stable Cassie wetting state [17]. In the floating fern genus Salvinia four different shapes of such hairs (trichomes) have been described [33]. In the simplest case these are individual multicellular, uniseriate trichomes. In the
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Published 10 Jun 2014

The optimal shape of elastomer mushroom-like fibers for high and robust adhesion

  • Burak Aksak,
  • Korhan Sahin and
  • Metin Sitti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 630–638, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.74

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  • that bears them [1]. Some insects, spiders, and anoles have fibers with effective diameters of the order of micrometers. Other animals such as the gecko lizard bear micro-scale stalks, which branch down to nano-scale fibers forming intricate hierarchical structures. The common aspect of fibrillar
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Published 14 May 2014
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