Graphynes: an alternative lightweight solution for shock protection

• Kang Xia,
• Haifei Zhan,
• Aimin Ji,
• Jianli Shao,
• Yuantong Gu and
• Zhiyong Li

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1588–1595, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.154

• Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China 10.3762/bjnano.10.154 Abstract The excellent mechanical properties of graphyne (GY) have made it an appealing candidate in the field of impact protection. We assessed the deformation mechanisms of

• reported for GYs using reactive force field (ReaxFF) potential calculations [15]. These results indicate excellent mechanical properties of GYs compared with conventional engineering materials [18][19][20][21]. Therefore, considering their low density, it is of great interest to investigate the application

• mechanical properties, which will be discussed later. Specifically, a monoatomic chain is formed during the deformation, which prevents the further propagation of the corresponding crack (Figure 4f). To unveil the mechanisms that lead to the different performance of GYs under impact, the cumulative

Development of a new hybrid approach combining AFM and SEM for the nanoparticle dimensional metrology

• Loïc Crouzier,
• Alexandra Delvallée,
• Sébastien Ducourtieux,
• Laurent Devoille,
• Guillaume Noircler,
• Christian Ulysse,
• Olivier Taché,
• Elodie Barruet,
• Christophe Tromas and
• Nicolas Feltin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1523–1536, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.150

• depend on the chemical composition? Influence of the NP chemical composition on the AFM/SEM measurements In order to determine the influence of the physico-chemical properties of the nanomaterial on AFM and SEM measurements, NPs with very different chemical compositions and mechanical properties compared

• the substrate in a way similar to the PSL NPs. However, the mechanical properties of silica are different than those of PSL even at the nanoscale. The Young’s modulus of PSL NPs has been found to be equal to 8.0 GPa for 60 nm particles [29]. In comparison, the Young’s modulus of silica NPs with

Flexible freestanding MoS₂-based composite paper for energy conversion and storage

• Florian Zoller,
• Jan Luxa,
• Thomas Bein,
• Dina Fattakhova-Rohlfing,
• Daniel Bouša and
• Zdeněk Sofer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1488–1496, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.147

• additional binders, conductive additives or a current collector. Results and Discussion Characterization of morphology, composition and mechanical properties The synthesized composite material based on MoS2 and SWCNTs was prepared by shear-force milling of MoS2 powder with SWCNTs. We then prepared a paper

• chemical states of the SWCNTs could not be precisely determined due to the overlap with adventitious carbon. However, the conditions used during our experiment were highly unlikely to cause any chemical changes in the SWCNTs. Additionally, the mechanical properties of prepared MoS2-based composite paper

Nanoscale spatial mapping of mechanical properties through dynamic atomic force microscopy

• Zahra Abooalizadeh,
• Leszek Josef Sudak and
• Philip Egberts

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1332–1347, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.132

• (CR) AFM; elastic modulus mapping; force modulation microscopy (FMM); highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG); mechanical properties; surface science; surface steps; Introduction In recent years, the study of the size-dependent properties of materials, and in particular those at the nanometer scale

• mechanical properties of materials, the nanoscale mechanical properties, including elastic and shear moduli, can drastically differ from their bulk values. This results in opportunities to custom design or enhance bulk engineering materials with advances discovered through nanoscale interrogation [1]. Thus

• , quantitative measurements of nanoscale mechanical properties can offer important insights into material functionalities at the nanoscale with high temporal resolution [6][7]. Furthermore, mechanical properties measured at the nanometer scale are critical for the development and verification of predictive

Multicomponent bionanocomposites based on clay nanoarchitectures for electrochemical devices

• Giulia Lo Dico,
• Bernd Wicklein,
• Lorenzo Lisuzzo,
• Giuseppe Lazzara,
• Pilar Aranda and
• Eduardo Ruiz-Hitzky

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1303–1315, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.129

• Young’s modulus of the films (Figure 4A) increases with the clay nanofiller content from 5 GPa for pure chitosan up to 11 GPa for the sample Film-4, which contains 40% of clay components. These findings are in good agreement with the mechanical properties of similar composite materials based on sepiolite

• found for the sample with a higher content of chitosan (72%), suggesting a synergic effect of both clays as reinforcing fillers of the polymer and as adhesive agent, which is required to improve the mechanical properties of the designed samples [50][51]. The obtained compression modulus is comparable to

• stability of these multicomponent hybrid materials in water showing a mass loss of only 3.2 wt % over the course of two months. This excellent stability, together with the good electrical and mechanical properties, suggest that the prepared multicomponent bionanocomposite can be suitable as electrode

Electronic and magnetic properties of doped black phosphorene with concentration dependence

• Ke Wang,
• Hai Wang,
• Min Zhang,
• Yan Liu and
• Wei Zhao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 993–1001, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.100

• graphene has led to extensive research efforts on two-dimensional (2D) materials. Although graphene exhibits large carrier mobility and intriguing mechanical properties, its zero bandgap impedes its application in spintronic devices [1][2]. Subsequently, 2D transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have

The systemic effect of PEG-nGO-induced oxidative stress in vivo in a rodent model

• Qura Tul Ain,
• Samina Hyder Haq,
• Abeer Alshammari,
• Moudhi Abdullah Al-Mutlaq and
• Muhammad Naeem Anjum

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 901–911, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.91

• a chitosan 3D scaffold and enhanced its bioactivity, mechanical properties, and pore formation with GO for optimal bone tissue engineering [15]. Zhang et al. improved the chemotherapy efficacy of anticancer drugs with polyethyleneimine (PEI)-grafted GO [16]. Liu et al. discussed the antibacterial

Tungsten disulfide-based nanocomposites for photothermal therapy

• Tzuriel Levin,
• Hagit Sade,
• Rina Ben-Shabbat Binyamini,
• Maayan Pour,
• Iftach Nachman and
• Jean-Paul Lellouche

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 811–822, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.81

• two hexagonal sulfur layers. WS2 belongs to a family of compounds called transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs), with a general formula of MX2 (M = W, Mo and X = S, Se, Te) and a similar structure based on triple-layers. Good mechanical properties of WS2 inorganic nanotubes (INTs; up to 15 µm length

• [45], nanodots [40] and hollow spheres [46]. Recently, WS2 nanotubes functionalized with C-dots showed promising results for PTT and cell imaging [47]. We selected nanotubes for their mechanical properties and the possibility of coordinate bonds with sulfur atoms, which enables bonding with CAN-mag

The effect of translation on the binding energy for transition-metal porphyrines adsorbed on Ag(111) surface

• Luiza Buimaga-Iarinca and
• Cristian Morari

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 706–717, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.70

• are organo-metallic compounds exhibiting a wide range of optoelectronic, magnetic, and mechanical properties that are interesting for nanotechnology applications ([1][2]. The core of these compounds is porphyrin, a planar heterocycle, formed by four pyrrole moieties [2]. The π-system of porphyrin

Outstanding chain-extension effect and high UV resistance of polybutylene succinate containing amino-acid-modified layered double hydroxides

• Adam A. Marek,
• Vincent Verney,
• Christine Taviot-Gueho,
• Grazia Totaro,
• Laura Sisti,
• Annamaria Celli and
• Fabrice Leroux

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 684–695, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.68

• shown in the Supporting Information File 1, Figure S2 and Figure S3. Chain-extending effect and dynamic mechanical properties The effect of synthesized amino acid LDH fillers on the chain extending and molecular weight evolution was measured using melt rheology. The rheological data were plotted in Cole

Mechanical and thermodynamic properties of Aβ₄₂, Aβ₄₀, and α-synuclein fibrils: a coarse-grained method to complement experimental studies

• Adolfo B. Poma,
• Horacio V. Guzman,
• Mai Suan Li and
• Panagiotis E. Theodorakis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 500–513, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.51

• . In the context of mechanical properties of various fibrils, for example, β-amyloids [4][5], cellulose [6] and collagen [7], all-atom models have been used to estimate the elastic moduli based on the response of the system, but mostly approximately. Still, molecular-level methods are necessary to

• of fibril formation has been found to be highly correlated with the mechanical properties of the fibrils, namely, the mechanically more stable fibril is the one undergoing faster aggregation [27]. While experimental observations have been derived from a small set of samples, our CG simulations can be

• of Aβ fibrils plays a more important role in the mechanical properties than the symmetry of each fibril. This becomes apparent by comparing the values of the tensile Young’s modulus of Aβ40 and Aβ42. Our discussion is based on the average values of YL. In the case of Aβ40, we obtain YL = 2.1 GPa

Wearable, stable, highly sensitive hydrogel–graphene strain sensors

• Jian Lv,
• Chuncai Kong,
• Chao Yang,
• Lu Yin,
• Itthipon Jeerapan,
• Fangzhao Pu,
• Xiaojing Zhang,
• Sen Yang and
• Zhimao Yang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 475–480, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.47

• human skin has impeded further integration as a wearable sensing component [7]. Hydrogels, with mechanical properties like biological tissues and consisting of three-dimensional polymer networks that can retain a large amount of water, can serve as ideal vehicles for wearable devices [8][9]. Several

• foil using the silver epoxy. The size of the graphene/hydrogel sensor is 5 × 30 mm. Characterization of the hydrogel and graphene/hydrogel: The mechanical properties of the hydrogel were characterized in an electronic universal testing machine (CMT6503, Sans, Shenzhen, China). A field-emission scanning

• extra water in the graphene dispersion without removing the water inside the hydrogel, thus maintaining the mechanical properties of the material. The graphene layer serves to significantly increase the resistance change of the hydrogel under strain because of the spacing variations among graphene

Gold nanoparticles embedded in a polymer as a 3D-printable dichroic nanocomposite material

• Lars Kool,
• Anton Bunschoten,
• Aldrik H. Velders and
• Vittorio Saggiomo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 442–447, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.43

• way, 3D objects. Results: In this paper we show how to fabricate a 3D-printable nanocomposite composed of dichroic gold nanoparticles and a 3D-printable polymer. The minute amount of gold nanoparticles used for obtaining the dichroic effect does not influence the mechanical properties of the polymer

• envision a drastic change in the mechanical properties between pure PVA and AuNP–PVA. To test this, we 3D-printed dog-bone-shaped strips of plastic (2.5 × 0.4 × 0.1 cm) and tested the elastic modulus (Young’s modulus) using dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The pure PVA and the AuNP–PVA, as expected, did

Nanocomposite–parylene C thin films with high dielectric constant and low losses for future organic electronic devices

• Marwa Mokni,
• Gianluigi Maggioni,
• Abdelkader Kahouli,
• Sara M. Carturan,
• Walter Raniero and
• Alain Sylvestre

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 428–441, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.42

• greatly improved mechanical properties and thermal stability in comparison to pure PPXC films [48]. In a recent study, these properties, and especially thermal and UV stability, were further improved by combining nanosilica/titania particles with parylene C [49]. As shown in other works [50][51], parylene

Scanning probe microscopy for energy-related materials

• Rüdiger Berger,
• Benjamin Grévin,
• Philippe Leclère and
• Yi Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 132–134, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.12

• interfaces is therefore essential. Furthermore, these interface phenomena are strongly linked to material properties such as grain size, roughness, mechanical properties and work function. In an attempt to address the diversity of phenomena on the nanoscale, scanning probe microscopy (SPM) methods play an

Bidirectional biomimetic flow sensing with antiparallel and curved artificial hair sensors

• Claudio Abels,
• Antonio Qualtieri,
• Toni Lober,
• Alessandro Mariotti,
• Lily D. Chambers,
• Massimo De Vittorio,
• William M. Megill and
• Francesco Rizzi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 32–46, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.4

• signal detection capability of superficial neuromasts strongly depends on the hydrodynamics of the boundary layer and the mechanical properties of the cupula [11]. Caused by its viscosity, water close to a body’s surface moves slower than the flow stimulus, which creates a spatial gradient of flow

• 2 μm encapsulation layer to all sides of the cantilever beams as well as the flow sensor substrate (including circuitry). This process tunes the mechanical properties (flexural stiffness) of the artificial hair sensor, as described in [46]. Experimental methodology Three different experiments were

Characterization and influence of hydroxyapatite nanopowders on living cells

• Przemyslaw Oberbek,
• Tomasz Bolek,
• Adrian Chlanda,
• Seishiro Hirano,
• Sylwia Kusnieruk,
• Julia Rogowska-Tylman,
• Ganna Nechyporenko,
• Viktor Zinchenko,
• Wojciech Swieszkowski and
• Tomasz Puzyn

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 3079–3094, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.286

• 100 nm can exhibit properties (including toxicological) different from those of non-nanoscale (bulk) materials [4]. Interest in the use of nanomaterials for biomedical applications is constantly growing due to their unique physical, chemical, biological and mechanical properties [5][6]. However

• regenerative medicine. The use of nanosized hydroxyapatites in biomedical applications is constantly growing due to their good mechanical properties and enhanced efficiency of gene transfection in drug delivery. Calcium phosphates are sensitive to the preparation conditions [11][12][13][14][15]. They can be

Hydrogen-induced plasticity in nanoporous palladium

• Markus Gößler,
• Eva-Maria Steyskal,
• Markus Stütz,
• Norbert Enzinger and
• Roland Würschum

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 3013–3024, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.280

• ][2][3], resistance [4][5][6], magnetic moment [5][7], optical transmission [8] and selective chemical transport [9] have been reported in recent years, apart from the mechanical properties described below. Dealloying, a selective dissolution process, has become an established technique to produce

• element for hydrogen-sensing applications [23]. The mechanical properties of nanoporous samples have been extensively studied in the literature, especially for the model system of nanoporous gold (npAu). Reports on potential-controlled creep [24], fracture [25] and strength [26] in npAu add to the list of

• of equations might serve as a starting point for a detailed theoretical treatment of the mechanical properties of npPd in the future. Current I (black) and corresponding strain ε (red) as functions of the applied potential U during a single voltammetric cycle for nanoporous palladium recorded at a

Layered calcium phenylphosphonate: a hybrid material for a new generation of nanofillers

• Kateřina Kopecká,
• Ludvík Beneš,
• Klára Melánová,
• Vítězslav Zima,
• Petr Knotek and
• Kateřina Zetková

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2906–2915, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.269

• also incompletely exfoliated particles, containing up to 20 layers. Dynamic mechanical properties The effect of the exfoliation on the mechanical properties was studied by comparing the free films containing the same amount of the filler (0.5 wt %), both unexfoliated (CaPhP_a_0.5) and exfoliated

• content in order to maintain the mechanical properties of the polymer, it will not meet the criteria for the flame retardancy with CaPhP alone. However, even a small improvement could be useful in combination with other flame retardants. This feature will be further investigated. Conclusion The aim of

• profile of the particles was measured by AFM with a Dimension ICON instrument, Bruker, Germany, in peak force mode with a ScanAsyst tip. The dynamic mechanical properties were measured with a Discovery hybrid rheometer, DHR2, TA Instruments. The experiment was performed in tension mode with a deformation

Disorder in H⁺-irradiated HOPG: effect of impinging energy and dose on Raman D-band splitting and surface topography

• Lisandro Venosta,
• Noelia Bajales,
• Sergio Suárez and
• Paula G. Bercoff

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2708–2717, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.253

• et al. [15] investigated the multi-wavelength Raman spectra of a variety of hydrogenated amorphous carbon materials, which allowed them to estimate values for their bond structure, hydrogen content and mechanical properties. A remarkable conclusion is that UV Raman spectroscopy allows for the

Friction reduction through biologically inspired scale-like laser surface textures

• Johannes Schneider,
• Vergil Djamiykov and
• Christian Greiner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2561–2572, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.238

• the side of the textured bearing steel when it is paired with a much softer material like PEEK, whereas significant changes should be seen when the textured 100Cr6 samples are investigated after being run against alumina. At the same time, the mechanical properties of both contact materials need to be

Nanocellulose: Recent advances and its prospects in environmental remediation

• Katrina Pui Yee Shak,
• Yean Ling Pang and
• Shee Keat Mah

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2479–2498, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.232

• deal of attention as materials for environmental remediation due to their impressive mechanical properties and superior adsorption capability. However, the need for non-renewable sources such as fossil fuel to produce CNTs remains a challenge. As of late, research progression in environmental science

• merely fibre shredding [32]. The occurrence of fibre shredding during mechanical disintegration of dry cellulose pulp tends to produce nanocellulose with poor mechanical properties. For improved delamination of nanofibrils, an aqueous medium is employed during mechanical disintegration to loosen

Evidence of friction reduction in laterally graded materials

• Roberto Guarino,
• Gianluca Costagliola,
• Federico Bosia and
• Nicola Maria Pugno

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2443–2456, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.229

• Kingdom 10.3762/bjnano.9.229 Abstract In many biological structures, optimized mechanical properties are obtained through complex structural organization involving multiple constituents, functional grading and hierarchical organization. In the case of biological surfaces, the possibility to modify the

• insights provided by the two different approaches, after having tuned the SBM parameters in order to have a precise match of the frictional force curve obtained by FEM, in terms of slope and static friction threshold. The results show that grading of the mechanical properties can reduce the global static

• computational cost than that required by FEM simulations. Therefore, it can be adopted for a rapid, initial estimation of static friction values. These results suggest that it is possible to realize bio-inspired materials with a gradient in the mechanical properties, imitating the graded Young’s moduli found in

Hydrothermal-derived carbon as a stabilizing matrix for improved cycling performance of silicon-based anodes for lithium-ion full cells

• Mirco Ruttert,
• Florian Holtstiege,
• Jessica Hüsker,
• Markus Börner,
• Martin Winter and
• Tobias Placke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2381–2395, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.223

• consider that there are many potential modifications of the synthesis process that could affect the mechanical properties of the carbon matrix. By changing the temperature, holding time, heating rate or stirring rate, the morphology and particle size of the formed carbon can be adjusted, which might lead

Block copolymers for designing nanostructured porous coatings

• Roberto Nisticò

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2332–2344, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.218

• introduced without the loss of the mechanical properties (provided by the macroporous substrate) [21][22][23][24][25]. Interestingly, devices based on this technology have found commercial application in separation processes involving complex matrices, such as in the clarification of beverages (i.e., milk