Anchoring of a dye precursor on NiO(001) studied by non-contact atomic force microscopy

• Sara Freund,
• Antoine Hinaut,
• Nathalie Marinakis,
• Edwin C. Constable,
• Ernst Meyer,
• Catherine E. Housecroft and
• Thilo Glatzel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 242–249, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.26

• room temperature. Figure 3a presents a large-scale topographic image of the surface after a low-coverage deposition process (0.2 monolayers) without any post-annealing treatment. The sample exhibits large NiO(001) terraces separated by monoatomic steps and covered with DCPDMbpy molecules. The different

• and C are in α-conformation whereas molecule D is the β-form of DCPDMbpy. The ratio α/β varies from one cluster to the other, suggesting that there is no preferred conformation. With an increased coverage (0.7 monolayers) followed by a post-annealing process (1 h at 150 °C) molecular islands were

Liquid-crystalline nanoarchitectures for tissue engineering

• Baeckkyoung Sung and
• Min-Ho Kim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 205–215, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.22

• epithelial and nerve cells exhibit mesophase organizations, as evidenced by nematic-like cytodynamics in epithelial cell monolayers [70] and smectic-like ultrastructures in the myelin sheath [71]. Muscle cells and tissues can be in nematic order [72][73]. Cholesteric orders of dsDNA have been observed in the

Electron-driven and thermal chemistry during water-assisted purification of platinum nanomaterials generated by electron beam induced deposition

• Ziyan Warneke,
• Markus Rohdenburg,
• Jonas Warneke,
• Janina Kopyra and
• Petra Swiderek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 77–90, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.10

• precursor molecules were removed from the surface by thermal annealing to 450 K. The annealing step also initiates the thermal reactions that contribute to deposit formation in an actual FEBID process as obvious from our TDS data shown in Figure 4 and Figure 7. In total, more than 500 monolayers of the

• H2O onto a film of MeCpPtMe3 with thickness corresponding to 30 monolayers deposited on a Ta substrate held at 105 K. The amount of H2O vapour applied in this experiment was the same as that used for depositing the MeCpPtMe3 multilayer film. The m/z ratios 18, 16, and 15 were recorded to monitor

Transition from silicene monolayer to thin Si films on Ag(111): comparison between experimental data and Monte Carlo simulation

• Alberto Curcella,
• Romain Bernard,
• Yves Borensztein,
• Silvia Pandolfi and
• Geoffroy Prévot

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 48–56, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.7

• easy synthesis, Si/Ag(111) monolayers have been intensively studied [3][4][5][6]. It has been shown that several monolayer structures can be formed, depending on the substrate temperature [7]. All of them probably correspond to a buckled honeycomb structure for Si atoms. For example, a buckling of 0.77

Ab initio study of adsorption and diffusion of lithium on transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers

• Xiaoli Sun and
• Zhiguo Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2711–2718, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.270

• monolayers of the type MX2 (M = Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Mo, Cr, W; X= S, Se, Te). The adsorption and diffusion of lithium on the stable MX2 phase was also investigated for potential application as an anode for lithium ion batteries. Some of these compounds were found to be stable in the 2H phase and some are

• in the 1T or 1T' phase, but only a few of them were stable in both 2H/1T or 2H/1T' phases. The results show that lithium is energetically favourable for adsorption on MX2 monolayers, which can be semiconductors with a narrow bandgap and metallic materials. Lithium cannot be adsorbed onto 2H-WS2 and

• 2H-WSe2, which have large bandgaps of 1.66 and 1.96 eV, respectively. The diffusion energy barrier is in the range between 0.17 and 0.64 eV for lithium on MX2 monolayers, while for most of the materials it was found to be around 0.25 eV. Therefore, this work illustrated that most of the MX2

Patterning of supported gold monolayers via chemical lift-off lithography

• Liane S. Slaughter,
• Kevin M. Cheung,
• Sami Kaappa,
• Huan H. Cao,
• Qing Yang,
• Thomas D. Young,
• Andrew C. Serino,
• Sami Malola,
• Jana M. Olson,
• Stephan Link,
• Hannu Häkkinen,
• Anne M. Andrews and
• Paul S. Weiss

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2648–2661, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.265

• -off lithography (CLL) is a subtractive technique for patterning self-assembled alkanethiol molecules on Au surfaces via rupture of Au–Au bonds at the Au–monolayer interface [1][2]. In CLL, hydroxyl-terminated molecules (or other species with reactive termini) in preformed self-assembled monolayers

• ) [24][25][26], we show that CLL lifted-off monolayers lack significant optical signals that make them distinguishable from the PDMS supporting matrix. Using contrast methodologies, we determine that the chemistry of the supported Au monolayers remains consistent with that of bulk Au. We used

• experimental and computational strategies to characterize the hybrid Au–alkanethiolate 2D material formed at PDMS surfaces via lift-off lithography. Chemical lift-off lithography was used to pattern featureless (flat) PDMS substrates with Au–alkanethiolate monolayers, which enabled direct characterization of

Amplified cross-linking efficiency of self-assembled monolayers through targeted dissociative electron attachment for the production of carbon nanomembranes

• Sascha Koch,
• Christopher D. Kaiser,
• Paul Penner,
• Michael Barclay,
• Lena Frommeyer,
• Daniel Emmrich,
• Patrick Stohmann,
• Tarek Abu-Husein,
• Andreas Terfort,
• D. Howard Fairbrother,
• Oddur Ingólfsson and
• Armin Gölzhäuser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2562–2571, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.256

• approximately 1:0.7:0.6. Inspired by these results, self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of the respective biphenyl-4-thiols, 2-Cl-BPT, 2-Br-BPT, 2-I-BPT as well as BPT, were grown on a Au(111) substrate and exposed to 50 eV electrons. The effect of electron irradiation was investigated by X-ray photoelectron

• nanomembrane; dissociative electron attachment; dissociative ionization; helium ion microscopy; self-assembled monolayers; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; Introduction Carbon nanomembranes (CNMs) are two-dimensional molecular sheets with a thickness of one to a few nanometers, high mechanical strength, and

• electron-induced cross-linking of specific aromatic self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) [4][5][6][7] and for their subsequent release from the substrate, multilayer stacking, and conversion to conductive carbon layers [8][9]. The cross-linking is typically achieved through irradiation with electrons in the

Interface conditions of roughness-induced superoleophilic and superoleophobic surfaces immersed in hexadecane and ethylene glycol

• Yifan Li,
• Yunlu Pan and
• Xuezeng Zhao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2504–2514, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.250

• Table 1. For the influence of roughness, the Léger group [15] studied slip lengths on octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS) and incomplete self-assembled monolayers (SAM) immersed in hexadecane by using total internal reflection and fluorescence recovery after photo-bleaching (TIR-FRAP). They reported that the

Adsorption of iron tetraphenylporphyrin on (111) surfaces of coinage metals: a density functional theory study

• Hao Tang,
• Nathalie Tarrat,
• Véronique Langlais and
• Yongfeng Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2484–2491, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.248

• interactions in self-assembled monolayers on Au(111), Ag(111) and Cu(111) surfaces. In spite of the presence of two stable magnetic states in the free molecule, only the high-spin (S = 2) state is stable when adsorbed on metal. These results show that the physisorption of FeTPP on coinage metal surfaces is

Expanding the molecular-ruler process through vapor deposition of hexadecanethiol

• Alexandra M. Patron,
• Timothy S. Hooker,
• Daniel F. Santavicca,
• Corey P. Causey and
• Thomas J. Mullen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2339–2344, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.233

• , metal-ligated multilayers, both with and without an alkanethiol capping layer, were utilized to create nanogaps between Au features using the molecular-ruler process. Keywords: hybrid nanolithography; metal-ligated multilayer; molecular ruler; self-assembled monolayers; vapor-phase deposition

• use of an alkanethiol, specifically 1-hexadecanethiol (C16), as the terminating layer of a metal-ligated multilayer. This molecule was selected as it is commonly used to produce well-ordered self-assembled monolayers, has a relatively well understood terminal functionality (e.g., a methyl group), and

• than previously reported RMS roughnesses for MHDA monolayers (ca. 0.1 nm) and MHDA bilayers (1.0 nm) [32]. Similar morphology and slightly higher coverages of the C16 islands are observed when C16 is deposited from solution at 80 °C (Figure S1, Supporting Information File 1). Given the roughness and

Modelling focused electron beam induced deposition beyond Langmuir adsorption

• Dédalo Sanz-Hernández and
• Amalio Fernández-Pacheco

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2151–2161, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.214

• here, are given in Supporting Information File 1. The ML model developed in this article follows the approach developed by Kusunoki [42], with time evolution for fractional coverage for empty sites θ0 and occupied sites with i monolayers θi given by: With Ei = E1 for i = 1 and Ei = E2 for i ≥ 2. As

• before, the three right terms in Equation 2 and Equation 3 describe adsorption, desorption and dissociation effects, respectively, with prefactors as in Equation 1. However, now the fractional coverage of an area with i monolayers depends not only on that coverage, but also on areas covered by one more

• , or less, monolayers [42]. For instance, in Equation 2, the fraction of empty sites θ0 decreases over time due to incoming gas flux in a proportional way to θ0 (first term), and increases due to molecules being desorbed or dissociated, from areas occupied by one monolayer (second and third term

Electronic structure, transport, and collective effects in molecular layered systems

• Torsten Hahn,
• Tim Ludwig,
• Carsten Timm and
• Jens Kortus

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2094–2105, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.209

• approach. In the second part we present our approach to combine DFT calculations and the master equation approach to quantum transport. Finally we present results of this new approach to describe tunnelling effects in monolayers. DFT-NEGF transport theory The ground-state electronic structure of the

• monolayers Many molecules form highly ordered self-assembled monolayers on appropriate substrates [65][66][67][68][69][70]. Sandwich structures of monolayers contacted by conducting materials at the top and bottom are of interest for applications and also from a fundamental point of view since non-local

Intercalation of Si between MoS₂ layers

• Rik van Bremen,
• Qirong Yao,
• Soumya Banerjee,
• Deniz Cakir,
• Nuri Oncel and
• Harold J. W. Zandvliet

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1952–1960, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.196

• deposited amount of Si was 0.5 monolayers. The base pressure of both chambers is below 4 × 10−10 mbar. Both MoS2 and Si/MoS2 samples were measured with a monochromatic Al Kα (1486.6 eV) X-ray source with a pass energy of 89.5 eV and 35.75 eV for survey and high-resolution scans, respectively. During the XPS

• the deposition of ca. 0.2 monolayers of Si at room temperature are shown. The pristine MoS2 surface appears very smooth. Usually only the top sulfur layer is resolved, resulting in a lattice with hexagonal symmetry and a lattice constant of 3.16 Å (see Figure 1b,c). The pristine MoS2 contains some

• intrinsic defects, which are visible as dark depressions as indicated by the arrow in Figure 1a. These defects are most probably caused by vacancies or interstitials and have been found to exhibit a metal-like behavior [42][43]. Upon the deposition of 0.2 monolayers of Si, the surface morphology converts to

Stick–slip boundary friction mode as a second-order phase transition with an inhomogeneous distribution of elastic stress in the contact area

• Iakov A. Lyashenko,
• Vadym N. Borysiuk and
• Valentin L. Popov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1889–1896, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.189

• between the asperities. A specific case of boundary friction is friction between two atomically flat surfaces separated by a layer of lubricant with thickness of a few atomic diameters [1][2], or even monolayers [3]. Such type of friction mode plays an important role in applied mechanics as it often

Application of visible-light photosensitization to form alkyl-radical-derived thin films on gold

• Rashanique D. Quarels,
• Xianglin Zhai,
• Neepa Kuruppu,
• Jenny K. Hedlund,
• Ashley A. Ellsworth,
• Amy V. Walker,
• Jayne C. Garno and
• Justin R. Ragains

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1863–1877, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.187

• formation of alkyne monolayers on gold [69]. As before, the lack of Au oxidation observed with XPS indicates that CO2–Au bonding at the surface is not likely to be extensive. Discussion. Taken together, data acquired using various modes of AFM imaging and nanoshaving, contact angle goniometry, IRRAS, XPS

(Metallo)porphyrins for potential materials science applications

• Lars Smykalla,
• Carola Mende,
• Michael Fronk,
• Pablo F. Siles,
• Michael Hietschold,
• Georgeta Salvan,
• Dietrich R. T. Zahn,
• Oliver G. Schmidt,
• Tobias Rüffer and
• Heinrich Lang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1786–1800, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.180

• use discrete (metallo)porphyrins for the formation of (sub)monolayers by surface-confined polymerization, of monolayers formed by supramolecular recognition and of thin films formed by sublimation techniques. Selected physical properties of these systems are reported as well. The application potential

• investigations have been already reported for multimetallic complexes [20][21]. For potential applications it is necessary that thin films and/or (sub)monolayers of (metallo)porphyrins can be fabricated with a high degree of reproducibility. One possibility to achieve controlled ordering on surfaces (beyond

• ][41][42]. Here, we report on the multifaceted use of appropriate (metallo)porphyrins (Scheme 1) to form (dendritic) thin films, (sub)monolayers and nano-ribbons and describe subsequently performed physical studies of those ensembles. We like to emphasize that the molecular interface formed of mostly

Process-specific mechanisms of vertically oriented graphene growth in plasmas

• Subrata Ghosh,
• Shyamal R. Polaki,
• Niranjan Kumar,
• Sankarakumar Amirthapandian,
• Mohamed Kamruddin and
• Kostya (Ken) Ostrikov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1658–1670, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.166

• controls the growth rate [23]. These factors promote the extended growth of graphene-like structures. Finally, the closure of these open edges (seamless ends of two adjacent monolayers) curtails the growth and, in turn, determines the height of the sheets [23]. The fraction of sp3 bonds present in the

Charge transfer from and to manganese phthalocyanine: bulk materials and interfaces

• Florian Rückerl,
• Daniel Waas,
• Bernd Büchner,
• Martin Knupfer,
• Dietrich R. T. Zahn,
• Francisc Haidu,
• Torsten Hahn and
• Jens Kortus

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1601–1615, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.160

• reaction between F16CoPc and MnPc at the corresponding interface, which affects the cobalt states of F16CoPc. This conclusion is supported by equivalent investigations of CoPc monolayers on gold and silver surfaces, where similar changes in the absorption spectra were observed and where a charge transfer

Parylene C as a versatile dielectric material for organic field-effect transistors

• Tomasz Marszalek,
• Maciej Gazicki-Lipman and
• Jacek Ulanski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1532–1545, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.155

• cm2/V·s, was obtained for vacuum as a dielectric [38]. The deterioration of the dielectric/semiconductor interface was revealed to be due to charge trapping at that interface. This effect could be controlled by an application of self-assembly monolayers (SAM) that significantly reduce the number of

• initial monolayers is directly related to the roughness of a dielectric layer. Thicker films present lower sensitivity to the changes of surface roughness because each next layer away from the dielectric surface contains less and less defects. An increase of the domain size in the upper layers provides

Low uptake of silica nanoparticles in Caco-2 intestinal epithelial barriers

• Dong Ye,
• Mattia Bramini,
• Delyan R. Hristov,
• Sha Wan,
• Anna Salvati,
• Christoffer Åberg and
• Kenneth A. Dawson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1396–1406, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.141

• . Transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) was used to further confirm barrier formation and test the integrity of the barriers before and after exposure to the nanoparticles. TEER measurements confirmed that the Caco-2 cell-monolayers exerted high resistance values (up to 1000 Ω·cm2 on a 12-well transwell

• and processed using Imaris imaging software (BitPlane, Zurich, Switzerland). Transmission electron microscopy After exposure to the nanoparticles as described above, Caco-2 cell monolayers grown on 3.0 μm PTFE transwell membranes were fixed with glutaraldehyde (2.5%, v/v) at room temperature for 1 h

Deposition of exchange-coupled dinickel complexes on gold substrates utilizing ambidentate mercapto-carboxylato ligands

• Martin Börner,
• Laura Blömer,
• Marcus Kischel,
• Peter Richter,
• Georgeta Salvan,
• Dietrich R. T. Zahn,
• Pablo F. Siles,
• Maria E. N. Fuentes,
• Carlos C. B. Bufon,
• Daniel Grimm,
• Oliver G. Schmidt,
• Daniel Breite,
• Bernd Abel and
• Berthold Kersting

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1375–1387, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.139

• functionalization. Of these, the formation of self-assembled monolayers of SMMs appears to be an attractive and suitable method [28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36]. Our work involves the deposition of exchange-coupled complexes of the type [MII2L(μ-L’)](ClO4), where L represents a hexaazadithiophenolate macrocycle

• according to a protocol developed for the preparation of self-assembled thiol monolayers [59] as the complexes cannot be deposited via the gas phase. They decompose without melting. Thus, clean gold-coated Si wafers were immersed in a 1 × 10−3 M solution of the respective complex in MeCN or CH2Cl2 for 24 h

• authors use A = 1.50, which in the case of the present monolayers would only make a thickness difference of about 0.1 nm. Reasonable fits were produced resulting in average thicknesses of 20 ± 7 Å for 7 and 24 ± 8 Å for 8, which agree reasonably well with those determined by AFM. The thickness for 7 is

3D continuum phonon model for group-IV 2D materials

• Morten Willatzen,
• Lok C. Lew Yan Voon,
• Appala Naidu Gandi and
• Udo Schwingenschlögl

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1345–1356, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.136

• materials will be treated as 3D thin-plate materials in the following, well aware that the out-of-plane dimension contains one or a few atomic layers. In general, this would allow one to study multilayers though we will only focus on monolayers in this paper. Nonetheless, it is important to keep the third

Two-dimensional silicon and carbon monochalcogenides with the structure of phosphorene

• Dario Rocca,
• Ali Abboud,
• Ganapathy Vaitheeswaran and
• Sébastien Lebègue

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1338–1344, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.135

• these monolayers were determined using density functional theory. By using accurate hybrid functionals it was found that these materials are semiconductors and span a broad range of bandgap values and types. Similarly to phosphorene, the computed effective masses point to a strong in-plane anisotropy of

• quantitative estimates in comparison to experiments. All the monolayers considered here are semiconducting and the gaps obtained span a wide energy range going from 0.55 eV for SiTe to 2.16 eV for SiS (HSE data). Accordingly, these compounds might contribute to extend the applicability of two dimensional

• SiTe monolayers to be dynamically stable. Then, the electronic properties of these new materials were determined, and the results indicate that these compounds span a broad range of electronic bandgaps and charge carrier mobilities, showing potential for future technological applications. Optimized

Charge transport in organic nanocrystal diodes based on rolled-up robust nanomembrane contacts

• Vineeth Kumar Bandari,
• Lakshmi Varadharajan,
• Longqian Xu,
• Abdur Rehman Jalil,
• Mirunalini Devarajulu,
• Pablo F. Siles,
• Feng Zhu and
• Oliver G. Schmidt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1277–1282, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.129

• possible to obtain either amorphous smooth and continuous organic thin films with thicknesses down to a few monolayers or inhomogeneous organic nanocrystals such as organic nanopillars and nanopyramids [11][12][13]. However, the fabrication of organic nanodevices based on nanostructures is a persistent

• process of the nanomembranes. The strained nanomembranes roll-up into full microtubes and finally land on top of the organic nanostructures, e.g., self-assembled monolayers and organic nanopyramids [17][19]. Compared to other ‘soft’ contact methods developed recently, including chemical binding [20][21

Characterization of ferrite nanoparticles for preparation of biocomposites

• Urszula Klekotka,
• Magdalena Rogowska,
• Dariusz Satuła and
• Beata Kalska-Szostko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1257–1265, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.127

• nanoparticles might be directly combined with organic compounds or via complicated linkers in the form of organized monolayers on the nanoparticles surface [4] or rather as random structures. Such a functional type of monolayer can be used for further modification by covalent or noncovalent bonding with a third