Preparation of micro/nanopatterned gelatins crosslinked with genipin for biocompatible dental implants

• Reika Makita,
• Tsukasa Akasaka,
• Seiichi Tamagawa,
• Yasuhiro Yoshida,
• Saori Miyata,
• Hirofumi Miyaji and
• Tsutomu Sugaya

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1735–1754, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.165

• the cells on groves were aligned along the direction of the grooves. In contrast, the cells on pillars and holes exhibited randomly elongated filopodia. The vinculin spots of the cells were observed on the top of ridges and pillars or the upper surface of holes. The results of a cell attachment assay

• . Unfortunately, auto-fluorescence, caused by azo-compounds in the crosslinked genipin, slightly interfered with the observation of green and red fluorescence of the cells [50]. The red fluorescence of actin was particular not clear in this observation. The cells and nuclei on the grooves were aligned along the

• direction of the grooves (Figure 6a–c). The vinculin in the cells on the grooves was observed on the top of the ridge and was aligned along the direction and size of the ridge. The orientation of the cells and nuclei on the grooves with widths of 500 nm and heights of 500 nm was weaker than that of the

Toward the use of CVD-grown MoS₂ nanosheets as field-emission source

• Geetanjali Deokar,
• Nitul S. Rajput,
• Junjie Li,
• Francis Leonard Deepak,
• Wei Ou-Yang,
• Nicolas Reckinger,
• Carla Bittencourt,
• Jean-Francois Colomer and
• Mustapha Jouiad

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1686–1694, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.160

• ), CIRMAP, Research Institute for Materials Science and Engineering, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium 10.3762/bjnano.9.160 Abstract Densely populated edge-terminated vertically aligned two-dimensional MoS2 nanosheets (NSs) with thicknesses ranging from 5 to 20 nm were directly synthesized on Mo films

• transferred NSs sample showed excellent field-emission properties. A low turn-on field of 3.1 V/μm at a current density of 10 µA/cm2 was measured. The low turn-on field is attributed to the morphology of the NSs exhibiting vertically aligned sheets of MoS2 with sharp and exposed edges. Our findings show that

• displays, X-ray sources and cold-cathode electron sources [2]. 1D and 2D materials such as carbon nanotubes [3], ZnO nanorods [1], LaB6 nanowires [2], SnS2 nanosheets (NSs) [4], vertically aligned graphene [5], WS2 nanotubes [6], MoSe2 nanosheets [7], and MoS2 NSs [8][9][10] are potential field-emitter

Josephson effect in junctions of conventional and topological superconductors

• Alex Zazunov,
• Albert Iks,
• Miguel Alvarado,
• Alfredo Levy Yeyati and
• Reinhold Egger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1659–1676, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.158

• precisely aligned. (ii) Even for a simple S–TS junction, a finite Josephson current is expected when the TS wire is modeled as spinful nanowire. This effect is due to the residual s-wave pairing character of the spinful TS model [2][3]. Interestingly, upon changing a control parameter, e.g., the bulk Zeeman

• ] then rule out a supercurrent for TS wires in the deep topological regime. We show below that unless B is inadvertently aligned with the MBS spin polarization axis, spin mixing will indeed generate a supercurrent. The S/TS leads are coupled to the QD via a tunneling Hamiltonian [70], where ψσ and ψ are

• to have a finite By-component with defining the MBS spin polarization direction. In particular, if B is aligned with , the supercurrent in Equation 23 vanishes identically since s-wave Cooper pairs cannot tunnel from the S lead into the TS wire in the absence of spin flips [31]. Otherwise, the CPR

Photoluminescence of CdSe/ZnS quantum dots in nematic liquid crystals in electric fields

• Margarita A. Kurochkina,
• Elena A. Konshina and
• Daria Khmelevskaia

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1544–1549, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.145

• the director field under the action of an electric field. We have used a nematic liquid crystal with positive dielectric anisotropy as the LC matrix. The liquid crystal doped with QDs was aligned in parallel (a vertical orientation) or perpendicular (a planar orientation) to the electric field vector

Excitation of nonradiating magnetic anapole states with azimuthally polarized vector beams

• Aristeidis G. Lamprianidis and
• Andrey E. Miroshnichenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1478–1490, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.139

• states. The disks are aligned along the optical axis. The particular design of the excitation is essential in obtaining nonradiating behavior of the cylinders. Again, we want to emphasize that the symmetries of the cylinder are of crucial importance. Such a particle is rotationally symmetric, which means

Robust midgap states in band-inverted junctions under electric and magnetic fields

• Álvaro Díaz-Fernández,
• Natalia del Valle and
• Francisco Domínguez-Adame

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1405–1413, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.133

• topological crystalline insulators due to the band inversion at the L points of the Brillouin zone as the Sn fraction increases [8][26][27]. In order to keep the algebra as simple as possible, we restrict ourselves to the symmetric heterojunction with same-sized and aligned gaps, as depicted in Figure 1a

• “” in a vector indicates the nullification of its z-component. In the case of aligned and same-sized gaps, it is found that , with and the interface dispersion relation is a single Dirac cone , where the origin of energy is taken at the center of the gaps [20]. v is the group velocity at the Fermi

• spinful two-band model that is equivalent to the Dirac model for relativistic electrons. The mass term is half the bandgap and changes its sign across the junction. For the sake of algebraic simplicity, we assumed same-sized and aligned gaps, although this is not a serious limitation to the validity of

Interplay between pairing and correlations in spin-polarized bound states

• Szczepan Głodzik,
• Aksel Kobiałka,
• Anna Gorczyca-Goraj,
• Andrzej Ptok,
• Grzegorz Górski,
• Maciej M. Maśka and
• Tadeusz Domański

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1370–1380, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.129

• aligned perpendicularly to the wire and the magnetic field parallel to it, leading to the effective intersite pairing of identical spins and (under specific conditions) inducing zero-energy end modes resembling Majorana quasiparticles. This issue has been recently studied very intensively but here we

• type (hole or particle) of the YSR states at a given distance r. The left and right panels correspond to λ = 0 and λ = t, respectively. The effective quasiparticle spectrum ρiσ(ω) as a function of a magnetic field B aligned along the nanochain obtained for σ = ↑ (upper panel) and σ = ↓ (bottom panel

Induced smectic phase in binary mixtures of twist-bend nematogens

• Anamarija Knežević,
• Irena Dokli,
• Marin Sapunar,
• Suzana Šegota,
• Ute Baumeister and
• Andreja Lesac

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1297–1307, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.122

• were sampled every 0.2 ps from the dynamics. The sampled geometries are shown in Figure 9a. The snapshots are aligned to maximize the overlap of the benzene ring of each geometry. In this way, the motion of the alkyl chain during the dynamics can be seen clearly. Both the all-trans conformer and

• texture after shearing the sample at 82 °C, d) 2D XRD patterns for a sample of 73 mol % BB mixture aligned in the magnetic field obtained on cooling from the isotropic liquid at 73 °C. IR spectra of pure BB (red), pure CBI (green) and a 73 mol % BB mixture (blue) at room temperature. IR spectra in the CH2

• molecular dynamics. Snapshots were taken every 0.2 ps from a 10 ps molecular dynamics simulation at 80 K. To illustrate the motion of the alkyl chain separately from the motion of the remainder of the molecule, the snapshots are shown with the benzene ring of each geometry aligned, and only the alkyl chain

Formation and development of nanometer-sized cybotactic clusters in bent-core nematic liquid crystalline compounds

• Yuri P. Panarin,
• Sithara P. Sreenilayam,
• Jagdish K. Vij,
• Anne Lehmann and
• Carsten Tschierske

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1288–1296, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.121

• molecules were aligned by surface treatment and one of the short axes was also aligned by the electric field. In more recent studies, the biaxiality of the sample studied was confirmed [3][4][5] by electro-optical switching [23], polarizing infrared spectroscopy (PIR) [24], polarizing optical microscopy

• (POM) [25], Raman scattering [26][27], XRD [28][29], photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS) [27][30][31] and NMR [32][33]. Recently Kim et al. [29] carried out X-ray experiments on a bent-core system in its nematic phase. They aligned the long molecular axes by applying a strong magnetic field parallel

• resistance of the ITO. The capacitance of the empty cell was measured. These measurements on the aligned liquid crystalline sample were carried out under cooling from 110 to 60 °C. The temperature was varied in steps of 0.5 °C under the application of a weak voltage of 0.1 V. The temperature of the cell with

Surface characterization of nanoparticles using near-field light scattering

• Eunsoo Yoo,
• Yizhong Liu,
• Chukwuazam A. Nwasike,
• Sebastian R. Freeman,
• Brian C. DiPaolo,
• Bernardo Cordovez and
• Amber L. Doiron

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1228–1238, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.114

• output edge where transmitted light is collected by a photodetector. Three polarization-maintaining optical fibers are supported by a silicon v-groove array and are optically aligned to the three waveguides permanently bonded to the chips. Each chip has two through-holes for fluidic access. Fluid lines

Circular dichroism of chiral Majorana states

• Javier Osca and
• Llorenç Serra

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1194–1199, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.110

• chiral band. On the contrary, states that are not aligned along the chiral band in Figure 2a,b are bulk states separated by a gap from zero energy. Absorption and CD Absorption cross-sections and CD for the spectra of the rectangle with different pairing energies in the two layers (Figure 1d) are shown

A simple extension of the commonly used fitting equation for oscillatory structural forces in case of silica nanoparticle suspensions

• Sebastian Schön and
• Regine von Klitzing

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1095–1107, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.101

• movement of the z-piezo in nanometers. The data were analyzed as follows: 1) Force and separation were calculated using the sensitivity slope of the linear contact region and the spring constant of the cantilever, which is determined from the thermal spectrum. 2) All force curves were aligned in relation

• to the y-axis using a linear fit of the force data at large separation, individually for each curve. 3) All force curves were aligned in relation to the x-axis using the contact region of the force curve that has already been used to determine the sensitivity. 4) All 100 force curves were combined

Review on nanoparticles and nanostructured materials: history, sources, toxicity and regulations

• Jaison Jeevanandam,
• Ahmed Barhoum,
• Yen S. Chan,
• Alain Dufresne and
• Michael K. Danquah

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1050–1074, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.98

• structures in their feet that are aligned in a series of a small ridges with a projection of 200 nm width in each hair. This increases the total surface area of gecko feet and leads to a van der Waals interaction mediated strong surface adhesion [241]. Similarly, the crystalline composite of CaCO3 crystals

• and protein that are aligned in a column and layers of calcite, forms the thin and strong eggshell. During the eggshell formation, the CaCO3 NPs begin as an amorphous mineral which is transformed by the c-type lectin proteins into ordered crystals. The crystal transformation is initiated by the

Magnetic characterization of cobalt nanowires and square nanorings fabricated by focused electron beam induced deposition

• Federico Venturi,
• Gian Carlo Gazzadi,
• Amir H. Tavabi,
• Alberto Rota,
• Rafal E. Dunin-Borkowski and
• Stefano Frabboni

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1040–1049, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.97

• performed using the software Holoworks [29]. The reconstructed phase images were aligned with each other digitally and half of the difference between them was evaluated to subtract the mean inner potential contribution to the phase, in order to obtain the magnetic contribution to the phase alone [30], both

• monodomain states, with their magnetization aligned along their long axes due to shape anisotropy [13]. Impurities are present on some samples (especially for the 20 s and 40 s depositions at 5 keV), resulting in flux-closure domain states, which deform the dipole-like phase structure locally. These

• , at the bottom left, which is aligned in the opposite way, in response to the direction of the applied magnetic field. In the following, the ability of L-TEM to provide a direct visualization of the switching process of the horseshoe state in a square nanoring is demonstrated. Just as for nanowires

Automated image segmentation-assisted flattening of atomic force microscopy images

• Yuliang Wang,
• Tongda Lu,
• Xiaolai Li and
• Huimin Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 975–985, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.91

• certain width was first aligned to the starting point of a scan line. As demonstrated in Figure 6d, only the portion of the background points within the window was fitted as a third-order polynomial curve at each time of window sliding. After the polynomial fitting, the value on the polynomial curve at

Electro-optical interfacial effects on a graphene/π-conjugated organic semiconductor hybrid system

• Karolline A. S. Araujo,
• Luiz A. Cury,
• Matheus J. S. Matos,
• Thales F. D. Fernandes,
• Luiz G. Cançado and
• Bernardo R. A. Neves

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 963–974, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.90

• enables a possible structural model for the RA SAM, with RA molecules horizontally aligned on the graphene surface, as illustrated in the schematic model of Figure 1c. In order to confirm the nature of RA rippled domains seen in Figure 1, possible structures of RA–graphene were analyzed by first

Effect of annealing treatments on CeO₂ grown on TiN and Si substrates by atomic layer deposition

• Silvia Vangelista,
• Rossella Piagge,
• Satu Ek and
• Alessio Lamperti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 890–899, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.83

• -pass energy of 23.50 eV. The instrument resolution is 0.5 eV. The spectra were aligned using the C 1s peak (284.6 eV) as reference [29]. The experimental data were fitted with Gaussian–Lorentzian peaks and Shirley background by using the XPSPeak software program (version 4.1, Freeware, University of

Optical orientation of nematic liquid crystal droplets via photoisomerization of an azodendrimer dopant

• Sergey A. Shvetsov,
• Alexander V. Emelyanenko,
• Natalia I. Boiko,
• Alexander S. Zolot'ko,
• Yan-Song Zhang,
• Jui-Hsiang Liu and
• Alexei R. Khokhlov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 870–879, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.81

• , the NLC director is aligned homeotropically at the interface. A similar situation, in which NLC molecules are ordered in the vicinity of nanosized particles, was considered in [41]. However, if the most of azo moieties are converted into the cis isomer under UV irradiation, they provide a degenerated

Graphene composites with dental and biomedical applicability

• Sharali Malik,
• Felicite M. Ruddock,
• Adam H. Dowling,
• Kevin Byrne,
• Wolfgang Schmitt,
• Ivan Khalakhan,
• Yoshihiro Nemoto,
• Hongxuan Guo,
• Lok Kumar Shrestha,
• Katsuhiko Ariga and
• Jonathan P. Hill

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 801–808, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.73

• covered with an acetate strip and aligned using nylon wedges and a locating pin. The hand-mixed GI restorative plastic mass was applied to one side of the split-mould immediately after mixing using the stainless steel spatula and allowed to flow into the mould to minimise air bubble incorporation in the

Surface-plasmon-enhanced ultraviolet emission of Au-decorated ZnO structures for gas sensing and photocatalytic devices

• T. Anh Thu Do,
• Truong Giang Ho,
• Thu Hoai Bui,
• Quang Ngan Pham,
• Hong Thai Giang,
• Thi Thu Do,
• Duc Van Nguyen and
• Dai Lam Tran

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 771–779, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.70

• are expected to serve as a potential photocatalysts with highly effective performance. For instance, plasmonic Au NP/vertically aligned ZnO nanorod structures were proposed for water splitting, solar cells, and environmental remediation [17][18][19]. Ag/ZnO nanohybrid structures were synthesized and

Single-step process to improve the mechanical properties of carbon nanotube yarn

• Maria Cecilia Evora,
• Xinyi Lu,
• Nitilaksha Hiremath,
• Nam-Goo Kang,
• Kunlun Hong,
• Roberto Uribe,
• Gajanan Bhat and
• Jimmy Mays

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 545–554, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.52

• challenge to assemble CNTs in materials on the macroscopic scale [3]. Because of the difficulties in dispersing pristine CNTs in polymers, the assembly of CNTs into macroscopic fibers, with the tubes aligned parallel along the CNT yarn axis, has been focused on [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. There are

• between the aligned MWCNTs. The main force that keeps them together is van der Waals forces, which is a weak force. On the other hand, the FIB image of the PAN sample (Figure 5d,e) shows a higher density than untreated yarn (Figure 4c,d), which may be attributed to simultaneous grafting and crosslinking

Engineering of oriented carbon nanotubes in composite materials

• Razieh Beigmoradi,
• Abdolreza Samimi and
• Davod Mohebbi-Kalhori

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 415–435, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.41

• and whether they are open- or close-ended), their arrays and arrangement in composite materials may lead to different properties. For example, in their recent research, Nam et al. have shown the effect of diameter in a composite material containing aligned CNTs [9]. This study showed that composites

• nanoparticles on the substrate leads to growth of CNT masses in regular rows. In the second category, the arrangement occurs after growth. There have been several review articles written about the alignment methods of CNTs [6][31][32][33][34][35]. However, most of these focus on the synthesis of aligned CNTs

• under the elastic field from the polymer matrix [33] (Figure 3). The stretching ratio depends on the length ratio of the thin layer before/after stretching. Yao et al. prepared a MWCNT/polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) nanocomposite at a relatively high concentration of CNTs and aligned them inside the

Dynamic behavior of nematic liquid crystal mixtures with quantum dots in electric fields

• Emil Petrescu,
• Cristina Cirtoaje and
• Octavian Danila

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 399–406, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.39

• combining the electric field action on the liquid crystal molecules in the presence of quantum dots and fINT reflects the interaction between quantum dots and liquid crystal molecules. For a planar aligned cell (Figure 1) with thickness L, and when the voltage is just above the Fréedericksz transition

• was checked by using polarization microscopy. The mass concentration was 0.89%, which led to a volumetric fraction of 1.16% (the QD density is 0.87 g/cm3 and the density of 5CB is 1.02 g/cm3). The mixture was used to fill a 15 μm thick planar aligned cell from Instek, which was mounted in a holder

• dots. Basu and co-workers [7] proposed a different model of a quantum dot dispersion in a nematic liquid crystal. According to this model, dots are gathering together forming long chains around which liquid crystal molecules are homogeneously aligned. Such an alignment could not explain the decrease of

Design of polar self-assembling lactic acid derivatives possessing submicrometre helical pitch

• Alexej Bubnov,
• Cyril Vacek,
• Michał Czerwiński,
• Terezia Vojtylová,
• Wiktor Piecek and
• Věra Hamplová

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 333–341, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.33

• multicomponent mixtures which goes beyond the present work. Helical pitch length The parameters of the helical structure, namely the helix pitch length p, were determined on homeotropically aligned samples by measuring the selective light reflection within the temperature range of the tilted ferroelectric SmC

• angle The spontaneous tilt angle θs values have been determined optically using well-aligned samples at bookshelf-like surface-stabilised structures, observing the difference between extinction positions at crossed polarizers under opposite d.c. electric fields ±40 kV·cm−1. Helix pitch length The helix

• pitch length p was determined on homeotropically aligned samples under study placed on a single glass plate while leaving the other surface of the sample free. The measurements of the helical pitch p were based on the selective light reflection phenomenon [60]. The measurements of the temperature

Dynamic behavior of a nematic liquid crystal with added carbon nanotubes in an electric field

• Emil Petrescu and
• Cristina Cirtoaje

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 233–241, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.25

• indexes. Thus, the path difference between the ordinary and extraordinary rays for a cell with thickness d can be written as: with the corresponding phase difference Δφ = (2πδ)/λ. For a planar aligned cell in which small values of θ are considered, this phase difference becomes: The intensity of the beam

• free energy of liquid crystals with the applied electric field, is the interaction free energy between LC and SWCNTs and is the interaction free energy of the carbon nanotubes with the applied field. When a planar aligned cell is considered and the electric field is perpendicular to the support (i.e

• aligned along the x-axis. In this case the relaxation time will be smaller than that of a pure nematic because the interaction forces between nematic molecules and carbon nanotubes pull the molecules back to a planar alignment. The free energy density results from Equation 22 in which the applied voltage