In search of cytotoxic selectivity on cancer cells with biogenically synthesized Ag/AgCl nanoparticles

• Mitzi J. Ramírez-Hernández,
• Mario Valera-Zaragoza,
• Omar Viñas-Bravo,
• Ariana A. Huerta-Heredia,
• Miguel A. Peña-Rico,
• Erick A. Juarez-Arellano,
• David Paniagua-Vega,
• Eduardo Ramírez-Vargas and
• Saúl Sánchez-Valdes

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1505–1519, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.124

• , Saltillo Coahuila, 25294, México 10.3762/bjnano.13.124 Abstract Green synthesis may be a useful approach to achieve selective cytotoxicity of silver nanoparticles on cancer cells and healthy cells. In this study, the concomitant biosynthesis of silver (Ag)/silver chloride (AgCl) nanoparticles from

• tested on mononuclear cells. Ag/AgCl nanoparticles with spherical and triangular morphology were obtained. The size of the nanoparticles (10–70 nm) and the size distribution depended on the reaction temperature. A dose close to 20 µg/mL of Ag/AgCl nanoparticles considerably decreased the cell viability

• of the MCF-7 line. The best cytotoxicity effects on cancer cells were obtained with nanoparticles at 60 and 80 °C where cell viability was reduced up to 80% at a concentration of 50 µg/mL. A significant preference was observed in the cytotoxic effect of Ag/AgCl nanoparticles against cancer cells in

Hydroxyapatite–bioglass nanocomposites: Structural, mechanical, and biological aspects

• Olga Shikimaka,
• Mihaela Bivol,
• Bogdan A. Sava,
• Marius Dumitru,
• Christu Tardei,
• Beatrice G. Sbarcea,
• Daria Grabco,
• Constantin Pyrtsac,
• Daria Topal,
• Andrian Prisacaru,
• Vitalie Cobzac and
• Viorel Nacu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1490–1504, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.123

• , voltage (mV), and temperature (°C). The precision of the pH measurement was 10−2. MTT assay The MTT assay was performed on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) previously isolated from six-months-old Wistar rat bone marrow, cultured in HiMesoXL™ mesenchymal stem cell expansion medium (HiMedia, India) and stored

• at −80 °C in FBS (Lonza, Belgium) with 10% DMSO (Alchimia, Italy). The ethical approval, as well as the protocol used for the isolation of the mesenchymal stem cells is described in the Annex. After thawing, cells from the third passage were cultured in DMEM/Ham F12 (Sigma, Germany) cell culture

• results of a preliminary biological study performed by MTT assay regarding the relative viability of the bone marrow STEM cells exposed to HAP- and HAG-based composites. As a control, HAP and HAG ceramics sintered at 1200 °C without glass addition (labeled as HAP-1200 and HAG-1200, respectively) were

Frequency-dependent nanomechanical profiling for medical diagnosis

• Santiago D. Solares and
• Alexander X. Cartagena-Rivera

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1483–1489, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.122

• applications remains relatively limited. In this perspective article, we discuss some of the reasons for this limited adoption and build on previous measurements performed on healthy and diseased cells and tissues to propose a possible path for the incorporation of AFM nanomechanical measurements into

• ”). Further, there is often no direct connection to specific technological applications. For example, multiple studies have shown that the mechanical properties of cancerous cells differ from those of healthy cells [15][20], but it is not clear how those measurements could be exploited for medical treatment

• progression, and within monitoring and treatments such as chemotherapies and immunotherapies. In our opinion, closer collaboration of the above disciplines would enable rigorous nanomechanical studies of cancer cells and tumor microenvironments in controlled physiologically relevant conditions. This could

Structural studies and selected physical investigations of LiCoO₂ obtained by combustion synthesis

• Monika Michalska,
• Paweł Ławniczak,
• Tomasz Strachowski,
• Adam Ostrowski and
• Waldemar Bednarski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1473–1482, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.121

• lithium cells in 1979 by researchers from Oxford University [1]. The cell consisted of LCO, which was used as the cathode material, and metallic lithium, which was used as the anode material. In 1985, it was proposed to replace the Li metal in the negative electrode with the carbonaceous material graphite

• capable of reversibly intercalating lithium ions [2]. The commercialization of lithium-ion cells was achieved in the early 1990s by Sony Corporation and in 1992 by a joint venture company (Asahi Kasai and Toshiba) [2][3][4]. Almost 90% of commercial Li-ion batteries consist of a lithium cobalt oxide

• cathode and a graphite anode immersed in a lithium-ion conducting electrolyte, which is 1 M lithium hexafluorophosphate LiPF6 in a 1:1 (v/v) mixture of ethylene and dimethyl carbonate. Most commercial Li-ion cells are used to power portable devices, including mobile phones, laptops, and cameras [5][6][7

Facile preparation of Au- and BODIPY-grafted lipid nanoparticles for synergized photothermal therapy

• Yuran Wang,
• Xudong Li,
• Haijun Chen and
• Yu Gao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1432–1444, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.118

• could be associated stably to Au-LNPs, and the release of BODIPY from AB-LNPs could be accelerated by laser irradiation. AB-LNPs are scalable and showed excellent photothermal effects. AB-LNPs showed enhanced cellular uptake efficiency compared to free BODIPY in 4T1 breast cancer cells. Under laser

• synergistic PTT in the treatment of cancer and other diseases. Keywords: BODIPY; gold nanoparticles; lipid nanoparticles; photothermal therapy; synergism; Introduction Photothermal therapy (PTT) relies on photothermal agents (PTAs) to convert light into heat energy to burn cancer cells. Due to its spatial

• (FOTRIC 225 s, USA). Cell culture Murine breast cancer 4T1 cell line was purchased from Cell Resource Center of Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences (Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China). 4T1 cells were cultured in RPMI-1640 medium containing 100 μg/mL streptomycin, 100 U/mL penicillin, and

Orally administered docetaxel-loaded chitosan-decorated cationic PLGA nanoparticles for intestinal tumors: formulation, comprehensive in vitro characterization, and release kinetics

• Sedat Ünal,
• Osman Doğan and
• Yeşim Aktaş

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1393–1407, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.115

• : chitosan; docetaxel; intestinal tumors; oral drug delivery; PLGA; Introduction Cancer is one of the most common chronic diseases in the world, characterized by the uncontrolled proliferation and spread of cells [1]. To date, effective and safe treatment approaches for cancer treatment have not been fully

• cause adverse effects in healthy cells, serious side effects, and decrease in clinical efficacy [14][15]. Because of its simplicity, oral drug administration is the most popular method, particularly for chronic patients who require long-term treatment. Since it is painless and self-administered, there

• -synthetically from 10-deacetyl-baccatin isolated from the Taxus family (T. baccata and T. brevifolia). It is a potent and long-known anticancer agent that acts in the metaphase-anaphase process of cancer cells, exerts a cytotoxic effect on microtubules that are vital for mitotic cellular activity, and prevents

Supramolecular assembly of pentamidine and polymeric cyclodextrin bimetallic core–shell nanoarchitectures

• Alexandru-Milentie Hada,
• Nina Burduja,
• Marco Abbate,
• Claudio Stagno,
• Guy Caljon,
• Louis Maes,
• Nicola Micale,
• Massimiliano Cordaro,
• Angela Scala,
• Antonino Mazzaglia and
• Anna Piperno

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1361–1369, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.112

• assays against L. infantum and on MRC-5 cells and PMM cells, respectively, using a Pent-free base as the control. Results and Discussion Supramolecular assembly between pentamidine and polymeric cyclodextrin noble bimetallic core–shells Gold/silver bimetallic NPs with core–shell architecture (nanoGS

• (AgNO3), ascorbic acid, and pentamidine isethionate were commercially available (Merck). All reagents used (Merck) were used without further purification. Characterization techniques UV–vis spectra were obtained on an Agilent model 8453 diode array spectrophotometer using 1 cm path length quartz cells

• (nanoG) and 0.2 cm path length quartz cells (nanoGS and nanoGSP) at room temperature (≈25 °C). The zeta potential, average hydrodynamic diameter, and width of distribution (polydispersity index, PDI) measurements were carried out by a Zetasizer Nano ZS (Malvern Instrument, Malvern, U.K.) at 25 °C in

Straight roads into nowhere – obvious and not-so-obvious biological models for ferrophobic surfaces

• Wilfried Konrad,
• Christoph Neinhuis and
• Anita Roth-Nebelsick

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1345–1360, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.111

• dead cells forming capillaries in the lumina of which the water flows. To understand how this tissue can be the source for a biomimetic concept of a ferrophobic surface, some principles and problems of water transport in plants have to be briefly summarised. The water transport system of vascular

• basic principles [40]: (i) transpiration, occurring in the leaves, providing the driving force for the water flow to overcome gravity and (ii) the cohesion of water, provided by van der Waals forces between the water molecules. The conduits consist of the cell walls of the dead xylem cells. The water

• network flow of water molecules is formed whose upper end is fastened within the leaves where transpiration takes place at the living leaf cells. From there it “hangs down” through twigs, trunks, stem and roots into the ground water. The stability of this transport mechanism relies on the comparatively

Near-infrared photoactive Ag-Zn-Ga-S-Se quantum dots for high-performance quantum dot-sensitized solar cells

• Roopakala Kottayi,
• Ilangovan Veerappan and
• Ramadasse Sittaramane

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1337–1344, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.110

• of solar cells. In this study, we synthesized Ag-Zn-Ga-S-Se-based alloyed QDs by colloidal hot injection and characterized them. The X-ray photoelectron spectrum analysis confirms the +1, +2, +3, −2, and −2 oxidation states of, respectively, Ag, Zn, Ga, S, and Se in the QDs, and the energy-dispersive

• energy are required to maintain the current lifestyle of the world’s population [1]. Our primary source of clean abundant energy is the sun. The amount of energy received from the sun is about twice of that obtained from all non-renewable resources. Photovoltaic (PV) cells or solar cells are considered a

• good solution to the raising energy demands. Third-generation PV cells show advantages such as high theoretical photoconversion efficiency (PCE = 44%) [2], low cost, and flexibility. QDSCs have been considered a candidate for PV cells [3] because of the good optoelectronic properties of colloidal QDs

Recent trends in Bi-based nanomaterials: challenges, fabrication, enhancement techniques, and environmental applications

• Vishal Dutta,
• Ankush Chauhan,
• Ritesh Verma,
• C. Gopalkrishnan and
• Van-Huy Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1316–1336, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.109

Enhanced electronic transport properties of Te roll-like nanostructures

• E. R. Viana,
• N. Cifuentes and
• J. C. González

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1284–1291, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.106

• Earth’s crust and a well-known p-type and narrow-bandgap (≈0.35 eV at room temperature) semiconductor material. Tellurium is widely used in thermoelectric devices, piezoelectric devices, photoconductive devices, gas sensing, nonlinear optical devices, solar cells, photonic crystals, holographic recording

• ) = 881 cm2/V·s) in these nanostructures. Thermoelectric devices, piezoelectric devices, photoconductive devices, gas sensing, solar cells, and field-effect transistors would have better performance if the mobility of charge carriers in the active region of the devices was greater. In addition, the low

Studies of probe tip materials by atomic force microscopy: a review

• Ke Xu and
• Yuzhe Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1256–1267, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.104

• . Applications range from mechanical and electrical sample characterization to measurements in liquids [1][2][3][4] and even in living cells [5][6][7][8]. The critical element of an AFM is the scanning probe itself, which is usually represented by a micro-cantilever beam equipped with a conical scanning tip. As

• can also be used as a nanolight source or nanoscalpel to manipulate and operate on cells directly. Carbon nanotube probe Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are considered an ideal AFM tip material due to their small diameter, high aspect ratio, mechanical robustness, large Young's modulus, and well-defined

A super-oscillatory step-zoom metalens for visible light

• Yi Zhou,
• Chao Yan,
• Peng Tian,
• Zhu Li,
• Yu He,
• Bin Fan,
• Zhiyong Wang,
• Yao Deng and
• Dongliang Tang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1220–1227, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.101

• , the higher the refractive index of the material in the visible band is, the weaker the coupling among the unit cells will be, which leads to a higher efficiency of the metasurface. Thus, rectangular nanopillars composed of titanium dioxide (the refractive index is 2.87 at a wavelength of 632.8 nm) are

• used as unit cells of the two metasurfaces. The fused silica glass is used as substrate in the SSL. Theoretically, for the metasurface based on the geometric phase principle, the phase modulation of the transmitted RCP light is exactly twice of the orientation of the unit cell under the LCP incidence

• . The field modulation of the unit cells with various orientations and sizes were numerically simulated by CST Microwave Studio. After a parameter sweep, as illustrated in Figure 3a, the unit cell was selected to obtain high polarization conversion efficiency with length L = 200 nm, width W = 80 nm

Application of nanoarchitectonics in moist-electric generation

• Jia-Cheng Feng and
• Hong Xia

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1185–1200, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.99

• traditional chemical batteries. Therefore, the application and development of MEGs in the future should focus on miniaturization and increased power output. Also, MEGs can be used in a similar way to solar cells but with fewer limitations. It is probably not too long before MEGs will be successfully applied

Microneedle-based ocular drug delivery systems – recent advances and challenges

• Piotr Gadziński,
• Anna Froelich,
• Monika Wojtyłko,
• Antoni Białek,
• Julia Krysztofiak and
• Tomasz Osmałek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1167–1184, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.98

• closely packed cells equipped with tight junctions. Its thickness is approximately 50 μm [40], and it plays an important protective role. The posterior segment of the eye contains sclera, choroid, Bruch’s membrane, and blood–retinal barrier, which further prevent drug permeation. The thickness of the

Green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles toward highly efficient photocatalysis and antibacterial application

• Vo Thi Thu Nhu,
• Nguyen Duy Dat,
• Le-Minh Tam and
• Nguyen Hoang Phuong

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1108–1119, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.94

• cells [12][13]. Many studies have proven the antibacterial effect of ZnO [14][15] and also that nanoscale ZnO has a more effective antibacterial activity than that of large ZnO [12][16]. Various approaches for synthesizing nanosized materials have been investigated. Among these approaches, chemical and

• the amount of E. coli that survived (i.e., by counting colonies). Each experiment was repeated three times. The E. coli inhibition percentage was calculated via Equation 4: where c0 is the initial number of E. coli cells and ci is the average number of E. coli cells/plate. Results and Discussion

• , •O2−, O2 formed on the surface of ZnO NPs, will break bacterial cell membranes and enter the cells destroying organelles and ultimately inhibiting and shutting off bacteria metabolism [37][38]. The •OH radical is the most active oxidant which rapidly reacts with bacterial nucleic acids, lipids

Recent advances in green carbon dots (2015–2022): synthesis, metal ion sensing, and biological applications

• Aisha Kanwal,
• Naheed Bibi,
• Sajjad Hyder,
• Arif Muhammad,
• Hao Ren,
• Jiangtao Liu and
• Zhongli Lei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1068–1107, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.93

• to have excellent biocompatibility with cells [70]. Ramanarayanan and Swaminathan utilized guava leaves to prepare CDs, which were then utilized for the synthesis of a CD-TiO2 nanocomposite. The CD-TiO2 nanocomposite possesses good photocatalytic ability to degrade methylene blue dye [71]. White

• addition, the CDs had high water solubility, fluorescence stability, decreased cytotoxicity, and excellent biocompatibility with MCF7 cells, so they were also successful in bioimaging MCF7 cells. Xu et al. reported red emitting CDs using spinach as a natural source. PEI was used for the modification of the

• +. The CDs were also found to be appropriate FL probes for imaging human colon cancer (HTC-116) cells. Recently, Lin et al. proposed a unique antimicrobial compound for the preservation of Atlantic mackerel by synthesizing antimicrobial CDs through a hydrothermal synthesis approach using food materials

Biomimetic chitosan with biocomposite nanomaterials for bone tissue repair and regeneration

• Se-Kwon Kim,
• Sesha Subramanian Murugan,
• Pandurang Appana Dalavi,
• Sebanti Gupta,
• Sukumaran Anil,
• Gi Hun Seong and
• Jayachandran Venkatesan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1051–1067, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.92

• . Hence, the success rate of autograft techniques is always maximum. On the other hand, allograft and synthetic grafts are good in terms of osteoconductive properties; however, osteoinductive and osteogenic properties are limited. Cells and growth factors provide the osteoinductive and osteoconductive

• properties to bone graft substitutes. Therefore, to get all the three properties of bone graft substitutes, synthetic biomaterials are often mixed with growth factors and host-derived cells to increase bone formation [3]. Bone tissue engineering is the process of developing bone graft biomaterials with the

• combination of materials, growth factors, and cells [4]. Both natural and synthetic materials have been extensively studied for bone graft substitutes [5][6]. Natural biomaterials often are biocompatible, biodegradable, and less toxic to cells, whereas synthetic biomaterials have excellent mechanical strength

Electrocatalytic oxygen reduction activity of AgCoCu oxides on reduced graphene oxide in alkaline media

• Iyyappan Madakannu,
• Indrajit Patil,
• Bhalchandra Kakade and
• Kasibhatta Kumara Ramanatha Datta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1020–1029, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.89

• ; microwave synthesis; oxygen electroreduction; reduced graphene oxide; silver NPs; Introduction Fuel cells and rechargeable metal–air batteries have become an integral part of the renewable energy system because of their superior efficiency, high power density, and reliability. Also, they are

Design of a biomimetic, small-scale artificial leaf surface for the study of environmental interactions

• Miriam Anna Huth,
• Axel Huth,
• Lukas Schreiber and
• Kerstin Koch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 944–957, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.83

• [1]. The plant cuticle is a thin extracellular membrane superimposed on the epidermal cells of all higher, non-woody, aboveground plant surfaces. It is basically composed of an insoluble polymeric matrix, cutin, and soluble hydrophobic waxes. The plant cuticle is known to have a variety of vital

Comparing the performance of single and multifrequency Kelvin probe force microscopy techniques in air and water

• Jason I. Kilpatrick,
• Emrullah Kargin and
• Brian J. Rodriguez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 922–943, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.82

• of corrosion, sensing, solar cells, energy storage devices, and bioelectric interfaces [3][4][5][6][7][8]. Since its first application in 1991 [2], there have been significant developments in the field of KPFM [6][9][10] with significant advances in both temporal [11][12][13][14] and spatial

• the surface potential [53][76][86] and has enhanced our understanding of perovskite solar cells [10][87][88] and patch potentials in the Casimir force [89][90]. Implementations of Het-KPFM to date have primarily focused on the measurement of the first harmonic of the electrostatic force [57][58

Bioselectivity of silk protein-based materials and their bio-inspired applications

• Hendrik Bargel,
• Vanessa T. Trossmann,
• Christoph Sommer and
• Thomas Scheibel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 902–921, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.81

• on biological processes and surface interactions involved in the bioselective adhesion of mammalian cells and repellence of microbes on protein-based material surfaces. In addition, it highlights the importance of materials made of recombinant spider silk proteins, focussing on the progress regarding

• achieve proper organization and communication, cells produce a large number of adhesion molecules that mediate cell contact phenomena based on receptor–ligand interactions [8]. The ability of mammalian cells to adhere to other cells, tissues, or the extracellular matrix (ECM) via specific molecular

• interactions plays a critical role in many biological processes including embryogenesis, development of neuronal tissue, hemostasis, immune response, and inflammation [9]. The adhesive interactions of cells between each other and with ECM proteins (often of specific molecular nature), have important key

DNA aptamer selection and construction of an aptasensor based on graphene FETs for Zika virus NS1 protein detection

• Nathalie B. F. Almeida,
• Thiago A. S. L. Sousa,
• Viviane C. F. Santos,
• Camila M. S. Lacerda,
• Thais G. Silva,
• Rafaella F. Q. Grenfell,
• Flavio Plentz and
• Antero S. R. Andrade

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 873–881, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.78

• HEK293 cells were purchased from The Native Antigen Company. Oligonucleotide library design The sequence of the 80mer library is described as follows: 5′-CTTCTGCCCGCCTCCTTCC-(39N)-GGAGACGAGATAGGCGGACACT-3′, where the central 39N represents random oligonucleotides based on equal incorporation of A, G, C

Numerical modeling of a multi-frequency receiving system based on an array of dipole antennas for LSPE-SWIPE

• Alexander V. Chiginev,
• Anton V. Blagodatkin,
• Dmitrii A. Pimanov,
• Ekaterina A. Matrozova,
• Anna V. Gordeeva,
• Andrey L. Pankratov and
• Leonid S. Kuzmin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 865–872, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.77

• the operating frequency range. For correct numerical modeling of the frequency response of the receiving system, it is necessary to know the distribution of the field of the incident wave on the matrix of receiving cells. The most consistent would be modeling a back-to-back horn irradiated by a plane

• for CEB at high frequencies. In the process of numerical simulation, we calculated the dependence of the power, Pi, released on the active resistance of the i-th RC-chain of the array of receiving cells, on the frequency of the incident radiation, and the total power in all receiving cells: The

• summation was performed over the cells included in one frequency channel. Thus, as a result of the calculation, the frequency response of the receiving system of one frequency channel was obtained. This calculation principle was used for all types of receiving matrices of the LSPE-SWIPE auxiliary frequency

Self-assembly of C₆₀ on a ZnTPP/Fe(001)–p(1 × 1)O substrate: observation of a quasi-freestanding C₆₀ monolayer

• Guglielmo Albani,
• Michele Capra,
• Alessandro Lodesani,
• Alberto Calloni,
• Gianlorenzo Bussetti,
• Marco Finazzi,
• Franco Ciccacci,
• Alberto Brambilla,
• Lamberto Duò and
• Andrea Picone

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 857–864, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.76

• surfaces for the investigation of their intrinsic properties, the minimization of the molecule–substrate interaction is desirable [20]. Furthermore, a weak molecule/metal electronic coupling is required in organic solar cells, because metallic states promote the relaxation of photo-excitations, lowering

• sublimated by Knudsen effusion cells. The deposition flux was 0.5 ML/min, with 1 ML = 3.06 Å, as monitored by a quartz microbalance. C60 was evaporated on top of 1 ML ZnTPP/Fe(001)–p(1 × 1)O. STM images have been acquired at room temperature in constant-current mode with custom-made electrochemically etched