Temperature and chemical effects on the interfacial energy between a Ga–In–Sn eutectic liquid alloy and nanoscopic asperities

• Yujin Han,
• Pierre-Marie Thebault,
• Corentin Audes,
• Xuelin Wang,
• Haiwoong Park,
• Jian-Zhong Jiang and
• Arnaud Caron

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 817–827, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.72

• -/nanotechnology. The surface chemical composition of the liquid alloy was measured by X-ray photoelectric spectroscopy before and after heating to 100 °C for 3 h. Furthermore, we imaged the nanoscopic asperities after measurements on the metallic liquid alloy by SEM to evidence possible liquid residues. For all

• prepared a eutectic Ga–In–Sn liquid alloy by melting the mixture of its solid constituents with the composition of 78.8 atom % Ga, 13.2 atom % In, and 8 atom % Sn. The melting point of the alloy is approximately 283 K [17]. We measured the interfacial tension between the Ga–In–Sn liquid eutectic alloy and

• liquid sample by fitting the function to our experimental data. The chemical composition of the eutectic Ga–In–Sn liquid alloy sample was determined by photoelectronic X-ray spectroscopy (XPS) before and after heating in air at 100 °C for 3 h. The spectrograms were recorded with a K-alpha+ XPS system

Efficient liquid exfoliation of KP₁₅ nanowires aided by Hansen's empirical theory

• Zhaoxuan Huang,
• Zhikang Jiang,
• Nan Tian,
• Disheng Yao,
• Fei Long,
• Yanhan Yang and
• Danmin Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 788–795, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.69

• improved by adjusting the composition and type of solutions used in the liquid-phase exfoliation [15][16][17]. This theory has been successfully used for improving the exfoliation efficiency in several low-dimensional materials, such as carbon, graphene, metal oxides, and fibrous phosphorus. [18]. In a

Gelatin nanoparticles with tunable mechanical properties: effect of crosslinking time and loading

• Agnes-Valencia Weiss,
• Daniel Schorr,
• Julia K. Metz,
• Metin Yildirim,
• Saeed Ahmad Khan and
• Marc Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 778–787, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.68

• optimal treatment. Therefore, the characteristics of nanoparticles regarding mechanical properties, size, surface charge, surface composition, and degradation and drug release mechanisms must be considered during formulation development [1]. Except for the mechanical properties, the research activities do

A nonenzymatic reduced graphene oxide-based nanosensor for parathion

• Sarani Sen,
• Anurag Roy,
• Ambarish Sanyal and
• Parukuttyamma Sujatha Devi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 730–744, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.65

• composition of the electrolyte were optimized to increase the deoxygenation of the GO sheet during ERGO formation. Figure 1B depicts three significant Raman peaks of GO at 1350 cm−1 for the D band (associated with defects in the sp2 lattice), 1596 cm−1 for the G band (due to vibrations of the hexagonal

• : Chemical sample table indicating corresponding CAS, supplier and other details. Table S2: Experimental sample table for composition analysis using binding energies of GO and RGO by XPS. Table S3: Experimental sample table for the modified glassy carbon electrode electrochemical characteristics. Figure S1

Design and selection of peptides to block the SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain by molecular docking

• Kendra Ramirez-Acosta,
• Ivan A. Rosales-Fuerte,
• J. Eduardo Perez-Sanchez,
• Alfredo Nuñez-Rivera,
• Josue Juarez and
• Ruben D. Cadena-Nava

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 699–711, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.62

• versus the binding energy of the OAP–RBD complexes (Figure 5a) and is divided into three regions. Region I shows the peptides that have binding energy values similar to the ACE2 binding energy (−4.6 kcal/mol), such as P9 (secondary structure composition 0.75 α-helix and 0.25 random coil) and P12 (fully

Nanoarchitectonics of the cathode to improve the reversibility of Li–O₂ batteries

• Hien Thi Thu Pham,
• Jonghyeok Yun,
• So Yeun Kim,
• Sang A Han,
• Jung Ho Kim,
• Jong-Won Lee and
• Min-Sik Park

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 689–698, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.61

• for lowering the overpotential of the cathode during cycling, even at the high current density of 2,000 mA·g−1. Keywords: cathode composition; electrochemistry; Li–O2 battery; metal–organic framework; nanoarchitectonics; zeolitic imidazolate framework; Introduction Recently, lithium–oxygen batteries

• using Zn and Co acetates, together with 2-methylimidazolate, as described in Figure 1a. The hydrothermal process is beneficial for facilitating the nucleation and growth of bimetallic ZIF as well as reducing the synthesis time. The chemical composition of ZnxCoy particles was controlled by adjusting the

• the chemical composition of ZnxCoy particles. It is expected that it would play an important role as an electrocatalyst in the composites for lowering the overpotential for the given electrochemical reactions. For further inspection of the structural characteristics, the surface chemistry of ZnxCoy–C

Sodium doping in brookite TiO₂ enhances its photocatalytic activity

• Boxiang Zhuang,
• Honglong Shi,
• Honglei Zhang and
• Zeqian Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 599–609, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.52

• , the reaction rate constant in this report was about three times higher than that of the quasi-spherical brookite TiO2 (k = 0.0206) [22]. The excellent photocatalytic activity can be correlated with the crystal structure, micromorphology, and chemical composition [23][24][25]. The bandgap is useful to

• bandgap values of these four samples. Structural phase diagram, chemical composition, and morphology The crystal structure of samples calcinated at 300–900 °C was characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), as shown in Figure 3a. The sample calcinated at 300 °C is a mixture of brookite (B) and

• behavior. This report shows that sodium can be doped in brookite TiO2 by the conventional hydrothermal method, meaning that other alkali anions are also expected to form the brookite AxTi1−xO2 (A = Na, K, Ca). We suggest giving more attention to the local atomic structure and the chemical composition of

Effects of substrate stiffness on the viscoelasticity and migration of prostate cancer cells examined by atomic force microscopy

• Xiaoqiong Tang,
• Yan Zhang,
• Jiangbing Mao,
• Yuhua Wang,
• Zhenghong Zhang,
• Zhengchao Wang and
• Hongqin Yang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 560–569, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.47

• PC-3 cells on substrates of different stiffness with or without blebbistatin. (c) Force–distance graph of cells; “ns” means no difference, ** represents the value of P < 0.01, *** represents the value of P < 0.001. Composition ratio of polyacrylamide hydrogel substrates with different stiffness

Ciprofloxacin-loaded dissolving polymeric microneedles as a potential therapeutic for the treatment of S. aureus skin infections

• Sharif Abdelghany,
• Walhan Alshaer,
• Yazan Al Thaher,
• Maram Al Fawares,
• Amal G. Al-Bakri,
• Saja Zuriekat and
• Randa SH. Mansour

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 517–527, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.43

• isocratic composition of 0.025 M phosphoric acid (pH 3.0 ± 0.1) previously adjusted with triethylamine/acetonitrile (80:20 v/v), eluted at a flow rate of 1.5 mL/min. The injection volume was 20 µL. The drug concentration was then determined according to a calibration curve. The calibration curve was plotted

Design and characterization of polymeric microneedles containing extracts of Brazilian green propolis

• Camila Felix Vecchi,
• Rafaela Said dos Santos,
• Jéssica Bassi da Silva and
• Marcos Luciano Bruschi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 503–516, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.42

• Abstract Microneedles (MNs) are a means to break the protective skin barrier in a minimally invasive way. By creating temporary micropores, they make biologically active agents available in the skin layers. Propolis (PRP) is a gum resin with a complex chemical composition, produced by bees Apis mellifera L

• compression area (the work required to deform the sample during compression) were calculated using the software Texture Exponent 6.1.12.0 (Stable Micro Systems, Surrey, UK). Puncture The effect of formulation composition on the puncture force and distance was evaluated by MN insertion study. The best

Ethosomal (−)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate as a novel approach to enhance antioxidant, anti-collagenase and anti-elastase effects

• Çiğdem Yücel,
• Gökçe Şeker Karatoprak,
• Sena Yalçıntaş and
• Tuğba Eren Böncü

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 491–502, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.41

• high amounts of ethanol that can carry both hydrophilic and lipophilic drug molecules. They are also highly deformable and reach deep skin layers [18][19]. ETHs are similar to the lipid bilayer composition of cells in the epidermis, due to the presence of phospholipids in their structure, and thus

• penetration through the skin due to the ethanol in their composition [22]. In the current study, ethosomal formulations of EGCG with strong antioxidant properties were developed and their efficiencies were assessed and compared to the EGCG solution form. Six different ethosomal formulations were developed and

• systems, and the effects of changes in the composition of the formulations on their characterization were examined. It was emphasized that appropriate optimization of vesicular systems is necessary to yield their therapeutic efficacy in topical applications [32]. In another study, an ethosomal formulation

Tubular glassy carbon microneedles with fullerene-like tips for biomedical applications

• Sharali Malik and
• George E. Kostakis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 455–461, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.38

• it contains essentially only carbon atoms, its structure can be varied at all size levels.” More recently, S. Sharma in a review of glassy carbon materials concluded that “it has been confirmed by both theoretical and experimental investigation that the chemical composition of the polymer plays the

A non-enzymatic electrochemical hydrogen peroxide sensor based on copper oxide nanostructures

• Irena Mihailova,
• Vjaceslavs Gerbreders,
• Marina Krasovska,
• Eriks Sledevskis,
• Valdis Mizers,
• Andrejs Bulanovs and
• Andrejs Ogurcovs

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 424–436, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.35

• nanostructures were obtained by a one-step hydrothermal oxidation method. The resulting coating is uniform and dense and shows good adhesion to the wire surface. Structure, surface, and composition of the obtained samples were studied using field-emission scanning electron microscopy along with energy-dispersive

• of the nanostructured CuO samples was studied via field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM, Tescan MAIA 3). The chemical composition analysis was performed via energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS, Inca Synergy) integrated into the FESEM system. The crystalline structure of the samples was

Effect of sample treatment on the elastic modulus of locust cuticle obtained by nanoindentation

• Chuchu Li,
• Stanislav N. Gorb and
• Hamed Rajabi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 404–410, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.33

• complex relationship between multiple factors, such as microstructure, material composition, and sclerotization, has provided cuticle with properties that are unique to this biological material. Understanding the mechanisms behind the remarkable properties of cuticle can inspire the design of engineering

Electrostatic pull-in application in flexible devices: A review

• Teng Cai,
• Yuming Fang,
• Yingli Fang,
• Ruozhou Li,
• Ying Yu and
• Mingyang Huang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 390–403, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.32

• can greatly simplify the circuit volume of traditional PN junctions and increase the circuit integration. NWs-NEM switches Single-crystal nanowires are excellent candidates for NEM switches due to their uniform chemical and physical structure, and good reproducibility of structure and composition

Micro- and nanotechnology in biomedical engineering for cartilage tissue regeneration in osteoarthritis

• Zahra Nabizadeh,
• Mahmoud Nasrollahzadeh,
• Hamed Daemi,
• Mohamadreza Baghaban Eslaminejad,
• Ali Akbar Shabani,
• Mehdi Dadashpour,
• Majid Mirmohammadkhani and
• Davood Nasrabadi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 363–389, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.31

• cues, and surface stiffness in osteochondral tissue differentiation and engineering is discussed with examples from recent studies that highlight their importance in tissue engineering applications. 2 Articular cartilage biology The composition and complex structure of articular cartilage need to be

• hierarchical structure of articular cartilage from its surface to the subchondral bone shows a depth-dependent transition and anisotropic integrity composed of four distinct zones; namely, superficial, middle, deep, and calcified cartilage [11][12] (Figure 2). The arrangement, composition, and content of the

• delivery [50], in vitro diagnosis [51], in vivo imaging [52], and TE purposes. Various NPs can be prepared in the form of liposomes, nanocapsules, micelles, dendrimers, and nanospheres based on their composition and method of preparation. Basically, NPs are designed to function as carriers for bioactive

Selected properties of Al_xZn_yO thin films prepared by reactive pulsed magnetron sputtering using a two-element Zn/Al target

• Witold Posadowski,
• Artur Wiatrowski,
• Jarosław Domaradzki and
• Michał Mazur

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 344–354, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.29

• = 400 W, which corresponded to a power density on the target surface of approximately 5 W/cm2. The films were deposited on glass strip substrates, placed symmetrically over the target, making it possible to obtain films with different composition and thickness. The film sheet resistance was measured as

• a function of the distance from the target axis on both sides (front and back) of the substrate. The lowest measured resistivity was about 4 × 10−3 Ω·cm. Additionally, optical properties, surface topography, and elemental composition were determined in selected areas of the substrate. Keywords

• composition of the deposited films to be changed by changing the electrical parameters of the two power supplies. Usually, in the abovementioned sputtering processes, the reported power density at the target was of the order of a few watts per square centimeter. Additionally, the substrates were intentionally

Systematic studies into uniform synthetic protein nanoparticles

• Nahal Habibi,
• Ava Mauser,
• Jeffery E. Raymond and
• Joerg Lahann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 274–283, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.22

• , or monodispersity. Electrohydrodynamic (EHD) jetting is a probate method to formulate synthetic protein nanoparticles (SPNPs), but a systematic understanding of the influence of crucial processing parameters, such as protein composition, on nanoparticle morphologies is still missing. Here, we address

• SPNPs made from blended proteins can serve as a promising drug delivery carrier owing to the ease of production, the composition versatility, and the control over their size, shape and dispersity. Keywords: nanogels; nanomedicine; particle characterization; protein-based biomaterials; Introduction As

Investigation of a memory effect in a Au/(Ti–Cu)Ox-gradient thin film/TiAlV structure

• Damian Wojcieszak,
• Jarosław Domaradzki,
• Michał Mazur,
• Tomasz Kotwica and
• Danuta Kaczmarek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 265–273, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.21

• previous works [41][42] have shown that an interesting alternative to the well-known conventional structures, with a multilayer stack of thin films with different electrical conducting and nonconducting properties described above, could be a thin film the composition of which changes along its thickness

• these pulses (pulse width modulation, PWM). One of the biggest difficulties in the preparation of mixed (Ti,Cu)Ox thin films with defined composition using co-sputtering of Ti and Cu targets is that titanium and copper differ from each other in the sputtering yield in oxygen by a factor of more than ten

• Lite). Additionally, circular 1 mm gold pads were evaporated on top of the prepared structure to allow for electrical characterization. The average material composition of the gradient thin film was determined using X-ray microanalysis employing an EDAX Genesis energy-dispersive spectrometer (EDS) as

Effects of drug concentration and PLGA addition on the properties of electrospun ampicillin trihydrate-loaded PLA nanofibers

• Tuğba Eren Böncü and
• Nurten Ozdemir

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 245–254, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.19

• reduces the nanoporosity of the nanofibers, resulting in a slower drug release [14][24]. Batista et al. also claimed that the composition of the PLA/PLGA blend affected the release of gentamycin sulfate due to the differences in hydrophobicity of PLA and PLGA [11]. In our previous study, we examined the

• composition, porosity, average size, distribution, individual nanofiber orientation, interaction between nanofibers, and arrangement and entanglement of the nanofibers [27][28][29]. When the mechanical properties of PLA nanofibers containing different amounts of drug were examined, the increase in the amount

Relationship between corrosion and nanoscale friction on a metallic glass

• Haoran Ma and
• Roland Bennewitz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 236–244, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.18

• layers in these three cases can be expected to be different in structure and composition, in view of the different dissolution processes, which will be discussed in detail below. It is therefore important to note that the frictional response of the inner layer develops similarly during immersion in NaCl

Impact of device design on the electronic and optoelectronic properties of integrated Ru-terpyridine complexes

• Max Mennicken,
• Sophia Katharina Peter,
• Corinna Kaulen,
• Ulrich Simon and
• Silvia Karthäuser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 219–229, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.16

• the oxidation state of the Ru ions bound to the respective molecular compounds is not feasible by these methods. In contrast, XPS BE highly depend on the oxidation state and/or the chemical composition and are, thus, a suitable means to reveal details of the Ru(TP)2-complex wire growth process

Engineered titania nanomaterials in advanced clinical applications

• Padmavati Sahare,
• Paulina Govea Alvarez,
• Juan Manual Sanchez Yanez,
• Gabriel Luna-Bárcenas,
• Samik Chakraborty,
• Sujay Paul and
• Miriam Estevez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 201–218, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.15

• therapy. The cytotoxic properties of TiO2 are related to differences in phase composition. The anatase phase has a higher toxicity due to its wider bandgap and effectiveness in the generation of ROS [27]. Lower amounts of ROS, which operate as redox signaling messengers, are essential for optimal

• surface chemistry play a significant role in the interaction between proteins and cells and the material surface. It has also been shown that hydroxyapatite and calcium phosphate mimics the chemical composition of natural bone. Thus, with the use of these components in the coating, TiO2 implants have

Low-energy electron interaction and focused electron beam-induced deposition of molybdenum hexacarbonyl (Mo(CO)₆)

• Po-Yuan Shih,
• Maicol Cipriani,
• Christian Felix Hermanns,
• Jens Oster,
• Klaus Edinger,
• Armin Gölzhäuser and
• Oddur Ingólfsson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 182–191, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.13

• electron transmission study. Relative contributions of individual ionic species obtained through DEA and DI of Mo(CO)6 and the average CO loss per incident are calculated and compared to the composition of the FEBID deposits produced. These are also compared to gas phase, surface science and deposition

• molecules in FEBID is primarily attributed to these [8][11]. Furthermore, the spatial distribution of the scattered electrons exceeds that of the focal area of the primary beam causing deposition broadening [8][12] and the incomplete decomposition of the precursors makes composition control difficult [12

• the underlying resonances. Thermochemical threshold energies are calculated at the DFT level of theory for carbonyl loss from Mo(CO)6 through DEA and discussed in relation to the current and previous studies. We present EDX analyses of the composition of FEBID deposits from Mo(CO)6 and compare the

Theoretical understanding of electronic and mechanical properties of 1T′ transition metal dichalcogenide crystals

• Seyedeh Alieh Kazemi,
• Sadegh Imani Yengejeh,
• Vei Wang,
• William Wen and
• Yun Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 160–171, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.11

• to their composition and structural polytypes. However, experimental measurements of the electronic and mechanical properties of 2D materials face the challenge of synthesizing high-quality pristine crystals. Thus, numerical simulations have become a promising alternative due to the relatively good