Hierarchically structured 3D carbon nanotube electrodes for electrocatalytic applications

• Pei Wang,
• Katarzyna Kulp and
• Michael Bron

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1475–1487, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.146

• ., colloidal synthesis [29][30][31], a galvanic replacement process [32][33][34][35] or microwave-assisted preparation [20][21][36], have been proposed to gain control over the structural features of the active nanoparticles. However, from heterogeneous catalysis it is generally known that a suitable catalyst

• between the conducting components [42][43][44][45]. The modification of the electronic and structural properties of Pt due to interaction with the support may also play a role. To take advantage of the properties of novel carbon materials, and at the same time gain control over the electrode structure

• reference experiments (not shown). Cyclohexane is brought into the CVD furnace using a H2/Ar gas mixture saturated at room temperature. To gain control over the CVD process, the influence of growth time, gas flow rate and H2/Ar ratio were studied. In a series of experiments, using a growth time of 120 min

Selective gas detection using Mn₃O₄/WO₃ composites as a sensing layer

• Yongjiao Sun,
• Zhichao Yu,
• Wenda Wang,
• Pengwei Li,
• Gang Li,
• Wendong Zhang,
• Lin Chen,
• Serge Zhuivkov and
• Jie Hu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1423–1433, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.140

• nanoparticles increases further. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was employed to gain further insight into the crystallographic features of the Mn3O4/WO3 composites. Figure 3a exhibits a low-magnification TEM image of the 5 atom % Mn3O4/WO3 composite. The structural and crystallographic properties were

Nanoscale spatial mapping of mechanical properties through dynamic atomic force microscopy

• Zahra Abooalizadeh,
• Leszek Josef Sudak and
• Philip Egberts

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1332–1347, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.132

• be made in calibrating those results. To gain further insight into the amplitude and phase variations that were detected over covered and uncovered steps, line profiles were extracted along the dashed black lines in Figure 4c and Figure 4d in both forward and reverse scan directions. Figure 5a shows

Molecular attachment to a microscope tip: inelastic tunneling, Kondo screening, and thermopower

• Rouzhaji Tuerhong,
• Mauro Boero and
• Jean-Pierre Bucher

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1243–1250, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.124

• tunneling through excitation of molecular vibration modes. Parameter-dependent transport in a molecular junction In order to gain additional information about the kinetics of carriers not contained in the current–voltage characteristics we want to evaluate the impact of the zero-bias peak on the thermopower

Pure and mixed ordered monolayers of tetracyano-2,6-naphthoquinodimethane and hexathiapentacene on the Ag(100) surface

• Robert Harbers,
• Timo Heepenstrick,
• Dmitrii F. Perepichka and
• Moritz Sokolowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1188–1199, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.118

• intermolecular interactions compared to a commensurate structure. Briefly speaking, this is due to the fact that the lattice of the adsorbate and the substrate have less common Fourier components and that the energy gain related to the interfacial interactions is thus smaller [33]. STM images (Figure 4c) show

• transforms into a compressed structure of the point-on-line type with a by 9% smaller unit cell. Presumably, the related gain in the adsorption energy per area overcompensates the loss in interfacial energy due to the lifting of the registry of the structure with the substrate (commensurate/point-on-line

Tailoring the stability/aggregation of one-dimensional TiO₂(B)/titanate nanowires using surfactants

• Atiđa Selmani,
• Johannes Lützenkirchen,
• Kristina Kučanda,
• Dario Dabić,
• Engelbert Redel,
• Ida Delač Marion,
• Damir Kralj,
• Darija Domazet Jurašin and
• Maja Dutour Sikirić

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1024–1037, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.103

• behavior. In order to gain more insight into changes in the surface properties after surfactant adsorption on the TNW surface, a surface complexation model was employed. With this first attempt to quantify the contribution of the surfactant structure on the adsorption equilibrium according to the observed

• adsorption of the highest investigated monomer concentration of DTAB and 12-2-12 on TNWs led to charge reversal and the zeta potential became positive over the entire pH region studied. In order to gain insight into the adsorption of the applied surfactants on the TNW surface and the respective interfacial

In situ AFM visualization of Li–O₂ battery discharge products during redox cycling in an atmospherically controlled sample cell

• Kumar Virwani,
• Younes Ansari,
• Khanh Nguyen,
• Francisco José Alía Moreno-Ortiz,
• Jangwoo Kim,
• Maxwell J. Giammona,
• Ho-Cheol Kim and
• Young-Hye La

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 930–940, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.94

• electrons) and reduction (gain of electrons) reactions. Hence electrochemical phenomena form the basis of battery technologies that provide power to modern day mobile electronics. Being inherently atomic/molecular in origin, there has been significant interest in understanding electrochemical phenomena of

Nanoscale optical and structural characterisation of silk

• Meguya Ryu,
• Reo Honda,
• Adrian Cernescu,
• Arturas Vailionis,
• Armandas Balčytis,
• Jitraporn Vongsvivut,
• Jing-Liang Li,
• Denver P. Linklater,
• Elena P. Ivanova,
• Vygantas Mizeikis,
• Mark J. Tobin,
• Junko Morikawa and
• Saulius Juodkazis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 922–929, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.93

• properties of a material are interrelated. By using a wide spectrum of electromagnetic waves from visible light to terahertz radiation, it is possible to gain insights into complex hierarchical structures of composite materials. For materials with strong structural anisotropy, defined by the molecular

• -resolution technique is essential in order to gain a better understanding of the fibril structure of silk [8]. Experimental Silk slices White Bombyx mori cocoons were purchased from the silk rearing house in Jiangsu, China, and brown Antheraea pernyi silkworm cocoons were collected from Liaoning Province

Trapping polysulfide on two-dimensional molybdenum disulfide for Li–S batteries through phase selection with optimized binding

• Sha Dong,
• Xiaoli Sun and
• Zhiguo Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 774–780, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.77

• charge gain and loss, respectively. It can be observed that there is charge depletion in Li2Sx and the 2H-MoS2 monolayer, and that charge accumulates between the Li atoms and the S atoms of 2H-MoS2, suggesting a chemical Li–S bond between Li2Sx and the 2H-MoS2 monolayer. With increasing x the charge

• green surfaces correspond to charge gain and loss, respectively. Isosurface (0.0005 e/Å3) of the charge distributions of Li2Sx absorbed on 1T'-MoS2 monolayer. The red and green surfaces correspond to charge gain and loss, respectively. Acknowledgements This work was financially supported by the

Enhancement in thermoelectric properties due to Ag nanoparticles incorporated in Bi₂Te₃ matrix

• Srashti Gupta,
• Dinesh Chandra Agarwal,
• Bathula Sivaiah,
• Sankarakumar Amrithpandian,
• Kandasami Asokan,
• Ajay Dhar,
• Binaya Kumar Panigrahi,
• Devesh Kumar Avasthi and
• Vinay Gupta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 634–643, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.63

• conduction transition. In order to gain further knowledge about phase transitions and carrier types, further studies such as synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction, heat capacity, Raman spectroscopy, Hall effect and or positron annihilation spectroscopy measurements would be required, which can be the part of

Quantification and coupling of the electromagnetic and chemical contributions in surface-enhanced Raman scattering

• Yarong Su,
• Yuanzhen Shi,
• Ping Wang,
• Jinglei Du,
• Markus B. Raschke and
• Lin Pang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 549–556, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.56

• systematic approach based on engineered substrates covering a wide range of enhancement values to gain access to the relative contributions of chemical and electromagnetic enhancement in SERS. It allows one to extract and distinguish values of the relative chemical enhancement, ranging from 2 to 14, for

Mo-doped boron nitride monolayer as a promising single-atom electrocatalyst for CO₂ conversion

• Qianyi Cui,
• Gangqiang Qin,
• Weihua Wang,
• Lixiang Sun,
• Aijun Du and
• Qiao Sun

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 540–548, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.55

• ) is the Mo atom and the three N atoms that the Mo atom linked with, and BN monolayer (moiety 3), as shown in Figure 5a. The variation of the charge distribution is illustrated in Figure 5b. The step 0 is the charge transfer to the adsorbed CO2. The CO2 molecule and the MoN3 gain 0.482 and 0.018

Nanocomposite–parylene C thin films with high dielectric constant and low losses for future organic electronic devices

• Marwa Mokni,
• Gianluigi Maggioni,
• Abdelkader Kahouli,
• Sara M. Carturan,
• Walter Raniero and
• Alain Sylvestre

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 428–441, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.42

• final result, a gain in the gate insulation capacitance is expected for OFETs with the addition of conductive particles inside the native parylene C insulating gate. Results and Discussion Silver-PPXC co-deposition: film composition and structure Table 1 gives the experimental parameters of deposited

• constant ε’HF (value at 1 MHz); b) the dielectric strength Δε. Frequency dependence of the dissipation factor for pure parylene C and NCPC samples. Electrical conductivity of pure parylene C and NCPCs. Gain in the gate insulation capacitance by replacing conventionally processed parylene C (sample O) with

• plasma-combined CVD process incorporating silver-oxide nanoparticles. Accuracy in the gain due to geometric dimensions of samples is in the range ±0.1 (sample F) to ±0.18 (sample C). Depostion of nanocomposite–parylene C (NCPC) by a combined CVD and RF sputtering technique. Experimental parameters of

Biocompatible organic–inorganic hybrid materials based on nucleobases and titanium developed by molecular layer deposition

• Leva Momtazi,
• Henrik H. Sønsteby and
• Ola Nilsen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 399–411, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.39

• mass increase during pulsing of uracil and adenine is hardly notable in comparison to what is observed when thymine is pulsed. However, the overall growth is not determined by what is gained during an individual pulse, but its overall gain during a complete cycle. In an initial attempt to explain the

• gain of one organic molecule. The mass of isopropanol is 60.10 u, while thymine, uracil and adenine is 126.12, 112.08 and 135.13 u, respectively, approximately twice that of isopropanol. Based on the QCM long-pulse sequences, the overall mass gain during pulsing of any of the organic molecules is

Geometrical optimisation of core–shell nanowire arrays for enhanced absorption in thin crystalline silicon heterojunction solar cells

• Robin Vismara,
• Olindo Isabella,
• Andrea Ingenito,
• Fai Tong Si and
• Miro Zeman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 322–331, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.31

• = 450 nm) can be mainly explained by a better in-coupling of light, promoted by the nanostructure array at the front side. Lower parasitic absorption at the front side can also explain the improvement. This results in a net gain in photocurrent density of 0.30 mAcm−2. At longer wavelengths, scattering

• uniformity. Measured (a) EQE and (b) IQE of the best nanowire heterojunction solar cell (NW) and of the flat heterojunction reference (FLAT). The blue and red areas in (a) indicate the net current gain of the NW structure with respect to the FLAT counterpart at short and long wavelengths, respectively, while

Electromagnetic analysis of the lasing thresholds of hybrid plasmon modes of a silver tube nanolaser with active core and active shell

• Denys M. Natarov,
• Trevor M. Benson and
• Alexander I. Nosich

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 294–304, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.28

• with the gain in the active region. Then the emission wavelength and the associated threshold gain can be viewed as parts of two-component eigenvalues, each corresponding to a certain mode. In the configuration considered, potentially there are three types of modes that can lase: the hybrid localized

• surface plasmon (HLSP) modes of the metal tube, the core modes, and the shell modes. The latter two types can be kept off the visible range in thin enough configurations. Keeping this in mind, we focus on the HLSP modes and study how their threshold gain values change with variations in the geometrical

• parameters of the nanotube, the core, and the shell. It is found that essentially a single-mode laser can be designed on the difference-type HLSP mode of the azimuth order m = 1, shining in the orange or red spectral region. Furthermore, the threshold values of gain for similar HLSP modes of order m = 2 and

Pull-off and friction forces of micropatterned elastomers on soft substrates: the effects of pattern length scale and stiffness

• Peter van Assenbergh,
• Marike Fokker,
• Julian Langowski,
• Jan van Esch,
• Marleen Kamperman and
• Dimitra Dodou

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 79–94, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.8

• is dominated by surface-tension effects, whereas for larger features, surface-tension effects are balanced by elasticity [25]. Summarizing, whereas for rigid substrates, adhesive micropatterns have been designed to gain a low Eeff, it remains to be investigated whether this design approach should

• also be followed for adhesive micropatterns used on soft substrates. In order to gain insight into this question, we investigated the pull-off and friction forces of adhesive micropatterns on soft substrates as a function of the geometry and feature size of the micropattern, and the stiffness of both

A comparison of tarsal morphology and traction force in the two burying beetles Nicrophorus nepalensis and Nicrophorus vespilloides (Coleoptera, Silphidae)

• Liesa Schnee,
• Benjamin Sampalla,
• Josef K. Müller and
• Oliver Betz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 47–61, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.5

• Stork [8]. For each species, four males and four females were examined. The diameters of some claw tips were also measured to gain further information on the effect of the claws. Preparation of test surfaces and contact angle measurements Traction-force experiments In order to investigate the effect of

Electrolyte tuning in dye-sensitized solar cells with N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) iron(II) sensitizers

• Mariia Karpacheva,
• Catherine E. Housecroft and
• Edwin C. Constable

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 3069–3078, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.285

• little change in VOC or the fill factor, and results in a gain in global efficiency. A further gain is observed upon changing the ionic liquid with values of JSC in the order E4 > E2 > E1 ≈ E3 (Figure 2, Table 2 and Supporting Information File 1, Table S1). The use of EMIMPF in electrolyte E4 enhances

• mV (no TBP) to 541 mV (0.5 M TBP). However, this gain is not sufficient to enhance the global efficiency which drops from 0.51% to 0.26% (Table 4). The trends are reproduced for duplicate DSCs (Table S2, Supporting Information File 1). Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) Electrochemical

• . Figure S3 (Supporting Information File 1) shows the trend in overall efficiencies which were the result of a general gain in VOC (Figure S4, Supporting Information File 1) compensating for the general decrease in JSC over time (Figure S5, Supporting Information File 1). Conclusion We have shown that the

Investigation of CVD graphene as-grown on Cu foil using simultaneous scanning tunneling/atomic force microscopy

• Majid Fazeli Jadidi,
• Umut Kamber,
• Oğuzhan Gürlü and
• H. Özgür Özer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2953–2959, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.274

• the three missing atoms at low temperature (4.89 K) with AFM using an STM/AFM setup they developed [7]. However, not all of the six carbon atoms could be observed with STM in that study. In this work, using a simultaneous STM/AFM working with sub-angstrom oscillation amplitudes we intended to gain

Layered calcium phenylphosphonate: a hybrid material for a new generation of nanofillers

• Kateřina Kopecká,
• Ludvík Beneš,
• Klára Melánová,
• Vítězslav Zima,
• Petr Knotek and
• Kateřina Zetková

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2906–2915, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.269

• ; nanofiller; polymer filler; Introduction The idea to combine materials with different properties to create a composite that benefits from a synergistic effect and to gain better and novel materials by this way is a very old concept. The reinforcement of a polymer matrix with inorganic fillers with the aim

Site-controlled formation of single Si nanocrystals in a buried SiO₂ matrix using ion beam mixing

• Xiaomo Xu,
• Thomas Prüfer,
• Daniel Wolf,
• Hans-Jürgen Engelmann,
• Lothar Bischoff,
• René Hübner,
• Karl-Heinz Heinig,
• Wolfhard Möller,
• Stefan Facsko,
• Johannes von Borany and
• Gregor Hlawacek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2883–2892, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.267

• + or Ne+ ion beam mixing of Si into a buried SiO2 layer followed by thermally activated phase separation. Binary collision approximation and kinetic Monte Carlo methods are conducted to gain atomistic insight into the influence of relevant experimental parameters on the Si NC formation process. Energy

• the cross sectional EFTEM image. A combination of the binary collision approximation (BCA) method using TRIDYN [26] and kMC simulations [27] was used to gain atomistic insight into the observed NC formation and its dependence on the layer thicknesses, the irradiation conditions and the thermal

Charged particle single nanometre manufacturing

• Philip D. Prewett,
• Cornelis W. Hagen,
• Claudia Lenk,
• Steve Lenk,
• Marcus Kaestner,
• Tzvetan Ivanov,
• Ahmad Ahmad,
• Ivo W. Rangelow,
• Xiaoqing Shi,
• Stuart A. Boden,
• Alex P. G. Robinson,
• Dongxu Yang,
• Sangeetha Hari,
• Marijke Scotuzzi and
• Ejaz Huq

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2855–2882, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.266

• ratio of what are usually very shallow structures. They carried out preliminary experiments to gain understanding with sub-10 nm EBID masks, using hydrogen bromide (HBr), chlorine (Cl2), chlorine and boron trichloride (BCl3/Cl2) and fluorine chemistries (SF6/C4F8). The quality of the etching process is

Oriented zinc oxide nanorods: A novel saturable absorber for lasers in the near-infrared

• Pavel Loiko,
• Tanujjal Bora,
• Josep Maria Serres,
• Haohai Yu,
• Magdalena Aguiló,
• Francesc Díaz,
• Uwe Griebner,
• Valentin Petrov,
• Xavier Mateos and
• Joydeep Dutta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2730–2740, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.255

• following pulse characteristics: energy, E = 10 pJ (the laser beam was attenuated), duration, Δτ = 2 ps, and repetition frequency 58.15 MHz. The laser beam was focused to a spot size 2wL of 92 μm with a Rayleigh length of 6.23 mm. Laser set-up As a gain material, monoclinic double tungstate crystals, KLu

• a fiber-coupled laser diode (an InGaAs one, emitting at ≈0.978 µm, for the Yb laser, and an AlGaAs one, emitting at ≈0.802 µm, for the Tm laser). The polarization of the laser emission was linear, E || Nm, naturally selected by the anisotropy of the gain. More details about the laser set-up can be

Low cost tips for tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy fabricated by two-step electrochemical etching of 125 µm diameter gold wires

• Antonino Foti,
• Francesco Barreca,
• Enza Fazio,
• Cristiano D’Andrea,
• Paolo Matteini,
• Onofrio Maria Maragò and
• Pietro Giuseppe Gucciardi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2718–2729, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.254

• chemical and structural information of Raman spectroscopy with the large signal gain provided by plasmonic resonances in metal tips and the high spatial resolution mapping offered by scanning probe microscopy [1][2][3][4][5]. In TERS, sharp metallic (or metallized) tips act as optical nanoantennas [6][7