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Search for "graphite" in Full Text gives 358 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology. Showing first 200.
Heterostuctures of 4-(chloromethyl)phenyltrichlorosilane and 5,10,15,20-tetra(4-pyridyl)-21H,23H-porphine prepared on Si(111) using particle lithography: Nanoscale characterization of the main steps of nanopatterning
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1211–1219, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.112
- triple-decker sandwich complex of phthalocyanine compounds prepared on graphite was studied using STM by Lei et al. [17]. A method of photocatalytic lithography was reported for making porphyrin surface structures that were applied for preparing protein arrays [18][19]. The assembly of porphyrins at
- functionalized phthalocyaninato-polysiloxane was studied with STM on surfaces of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) by Samori et al. [22]. Photoelectronic devices of porphyrin polymers containing oligothienyl bridges were prepared as microscopic junction chips and as layered diodes by Shimadzu et al. [23
Electrodeposition of reduced graphene oxide with chitosan based on the coordination deposition method
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1200–1210, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.111
- electrochemical detection of 1-naphthol. Thus, the electrodeposition method for reduced graphene oxide in this work provides promising applications in nanocomposite films, functional coatings, and biodevices. Experimental Chemicals and materials Natural graphite powder (325 mesh), chitosan (90% deacetylation
Electrostatic force spectroscopy revealing the degree of reduction of individual graphene oxide sheets
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1146–1155, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.106
- nanomaterials, which is critically important for further device applications. Experimental The samples under study were GO sheets prepared from graphite powder following a modified Hummers’ method [9][32][33][34][35]. Thermal reduction of GO sheets deposited on a substrate was carried out in an oven at 200 °C
Single-crystalline FeCo nanoparticle-filled carbon nanotubes: synthesis, structural characterization and magnetic properties
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1024–1034, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.95
- refer to the CNTs, whereas here a graphite diffraction pattern was taken as a standard. Assuming the spherical shape of the nanoparticles, the mean particle diameter was calculated using Scherrer’s equation, given by [47]: where dXRD is the mean size of the particles, λ is the X-ray wavelength (Co Kα
Electro-optical interfacial effects on a graphene/π-conjugated organic semiconductor hybrid system
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 963–974, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.90
- interfacial effects. Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) and Raman scattering experiments, along with first-principles calculations, reveal the presence of a highly ordered RA self-assembled monolayer atop graphene and graphite. The electro-optical characterization of the hybrid system discloses interfacial
- applications. Results and Discussion The first goal of this work was to investigate whether interfacial interactions could lead to the formation of an organized RA 2D monolayer-type film on a supporting substrate. Standard smooth substrates like mica, silicon oxide (SiOx) on Si, graphene and graphite
- microplates were tested (see Experimental section for a definition of graphite microplates). Several attempts with mica and SiOx yielded amorphous 3D-like RA agglomerates only (Figure S1, Supporting Information File 1). However, the graphene-RA interface in graphite microplate substrates systematically
Scanning speed phenomenon in contact-resonance atomic force microscopy
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 945–952, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.87
- [23] was used to drive the cantilever-holder actuator and to excite and track the first and second CR frequencies while the scan velocity was randomly varied between 0.05 and 100 μm/s. The experiments were repeated on a sample of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG). In this set of experiments
Nanoscale mapping of dielectric properties based on surface adhesion force measurements
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 900–906, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.84
- Sample preparation An aqueous solution of single-layered GO sheets was prepared from graphite powder following a modified Hummer’s method [47][48][49]. A drop of 10 µL of as-prepared GO solution (50 ng/µL) was placed onto a mica substrate. Chemical reduction of GO was performed by exposure to a saturated
Effect of annealing treatments on CeO2 grown on TiN and Si substrates by atomic layer deposition
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 890–899, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.83
- atmosphere by using a graphite dome. Thickness, interface and surface roughness, and electronic density have been determined by data fitting using the MAUD software program [24]. MAUD has also been used for Rietveld refinement of GIXRD patterns, allowing to determine CeO2 cell parameter and crystallite size
Towards the third dimension in direct electron beam writing of silver
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 842–849, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.78
- carbon-based fragments of the precursor molecules. The intensity ratios between the D and G bands (ID/IG) were evaluated using a Lorentzian peak fitting, which suggests the formation of nanocrystalline graphite clusters within a disordered carbon matrix in both deposits [30]. The Raman measurements
Graphene composites with dental and biomedical applicability
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 801–808, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.73
- the MLG material is indicative of multi-layer graphene rather than graphite and the 2D band in the FLG material is indicative of few-layer graphene [14]. This allows us to see the conversion of commercial MLG material (Figure 1a, lower) to FLG (Figure 1a, upper, 1b–d). Figure 2 shows AFM (detail and
- oxygen content as the O 1s/C 1s ratios are very similar. The binding energies (Eb) ≈284.6 eV corresponds to C–H, C–C, (CH2)n and C=C bonds that are characteristic of graphite/graphene, ≈286 eV corresponds to C–O–C, ≈288.5 eV corresponds to O–C=O, ≈531.5–532 eV corresponds to C–O and ≈533 eV corresponds
The effect of atmospheric doping on pressure-dependent Raman scattering in supported graphene
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 704–710, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.65
- (values of 1.8 and 2.7 were used, respectively [14]), a is the graphene atomic bond length (a0 under zero-pressure conditions). As it was shown in [5], a relationship for graphite in-plane compressibility from [17] is applicable for a(p)/a0 estimation: where is the linear compressibility and β' is its
Anchoring Fe3O4 nanoparticles in a reduced graphene oxide aerogel matrix via polydopamine coating
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 591–601, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.55
- nanoparticles are present in agglomerated form. The vibrational properties of the prepared aerogel samples were analyzed by Raman spectroscopy. The typical rGO spectrum is featured by the presence of four main vibrational modes, namely: D, G, 2D and D+G (D+D’) [43]. In graphite-like materials, the G mode is
- reference rGO aerogel, the rGO-Fe3O4 and rGO-PDA@Fe3O4 aerogel structures have less defects and higher structural order. The first effect is related to a k-selective resonant Raman scattering process observed in graphite-based materials, where the defect-activated D mode is excitation laser-dependent due to
- functional additives at the rGO defect sites, prevent unintended additives migration outside the aerogel and provide better structural stabilization of the whole aerogel structure. Experimental Graphite powder, iron(III) chloride hexahydrate, iron(II) chloride tetrahydrate, sodium nitride 99%, citric acid
Single-step process to improve the mechanical properties of carbon nanotube yarn
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 545–554, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.52
- composed of angled graphite sheets. In addition, VGCFs are different from CNTs in the method of production and they have few functional groups at the edges [35]. CNT yarns functionalized with AN and AA irradiated at 108 kGy Raman spectroscopy is a useful method to investigate the covalent sidewall
- only present in monolayer graphene, but also in carbon structures that have turbostratic graphite (TGr) as part of their components, such as MWNTs. This can be confirmed by the Raman spectra presented in Figure 2. Both structures, monolayer and TGr, are represented as Lorentzian peaks, however, TGr has
- than that of the untreated samples (Figure 3). Shi et al. also observed this in their investigation of grafting poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) onto MWCNTs. The presence of the shoulder is an indication of an increase in the number of defects in the graphite structure [39]. These results are in
Green synthesis of fluorescent carbon dots from spices for in vitro imaging and tumour cell growth inhibition
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 530–544, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.51
- interactions [10]. Nevertheless, there is still no unanimous agreement in the scientific community about a consistent explanation of the optical properties of C-dots [11]. Nowadays, multiple synthesis techniques are described to obtain C-dots, as well as different carbon sources as alternative for graphite
- . Most common sources for the synthesis of carbon dots are graphite and citric acid. Graphite is used in top-down synthesis strategies, and uses dimethylformamide (DMF) as surface passivating agent [8]. However, since DMF is harmful to living cells, in this work carbon dots synthesized from graphite were
Ultralight super-hydrophobic carbon aerogels based on cellulose nanofibers/poly(vinyl alcohol)/graphene oxide (CNFs/PVA/GO) for highly effective oil–water separation
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 508–519, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.49
- Zhejiang Lishui, China. Graphite powder (40 μm), used as the source for GO, was obtained from Qingdao Henglide Graphite Co., Ltd. Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA, Mw ≈ 95,000 g/mol), glutaraldehyde (GA, crosslinker, 25 wt % in H2O), potassium hydroxide (KOH), Sudan III, acetic acid (CH3COOH), hydrogen peroxide
- to remove the excess metal ions. After the chemical treatment, the slurry of 1 wt % purified cellulose was ground by a grinder to obtain a CNF slurry [46]. Preparation of graphene oxide GO was synthesized from graphite powder using a modified Hummers’ method [47][48]. The fabrication process was
Kinetics of solvent supported tubule formation of Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) wax on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) investigated by atomic force microscopy
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 468–481, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.45
Influence of the preparation method on the photocatalytic activity of Nd-modified TiO2
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 447–459, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.43
- obtained photocatalysts. XRD patterns were recorded on a Rigaku diffractometer (RINT Ultima+) equipped with a graphite monochromator using Cu Kα radiation (40 kV tube voltage and 20 mA tube current). Measurements were performed in a 2θ range of 5–90°. Based on the results obtained, the particle sizes of
Engineering of oriented carbon nanotubes in composite materials
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 415–435, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.41
- future outlook. Keywords: arrangement and alignment; carbon nanotubes; composite materials; orientation; Review Introduction Carbon is one of the most abundant elements comprising the world around us. Before 1985 graphite and diamond were the only known structural forms of carbon [1]. In 1991, Iijima
- discovered a new carbon structure which later became known as the carbon nanotube (CNT) [2]. Depending on the number of walls in the structure, CNTs are categorized as single-walled CNTs (SWCNTs), double-walled CNTs (DWCNTs) or multiwalled CNTs (MWCNTs). A SWCNT is the result of rolling a graphite sheet, and
Blister formation during graphite surface oxidation by Hummers’ method
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 407–414, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.40
- Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119991, Russia Department of Materials Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119991, Russia Optigraph GmbH, Rudower Chaussee 29, 12489 Berlin, Germany 10.3762/bjnano.9.40 Abstract Graphite oxide has a complex
- structure that can be modified in many ways to obtain materials for a wide range of applications. It is known that the graphite precursor has an important role in the synthesis of graphite oxide. In the present study, the basal-plane surface of highly annealed pyrolythic graphite (HAPG) was oxidized by
- Hummers’ method and investigated by Raman spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. HAPG was used as a graphite precursor because its surface after cleavage contains well-ordered millimeter-sized regions. The treatment resulted in graphite intercalation by sulfuric acid and blister formation all over the
Sugarcane juice derived carbon dot–graphitic carbon nitride composites for bisphenol A degradation under sunlight irradiation
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 353–363, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.35
- superior photocatalytic activity was demonstrated [8]. Guo and co-workers used the electrochemical method to produce CDs from graphite rods. The deposition of CDs onto g-C3N4/ZnO heterojunctions enhanced the degradation of tetracycline by absorbing a wider spectrum of visible light and suppressing the
Synthesis and characterization of electrospun molybdenum dioxide–carbon nanofibers as sulfur matrix additives for rechargeable lithium–sulfur battery applications
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 262–270, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.28
- spectroscopy is a very useful tool for the characterization of carbon-based nanostructures. The Raman spectra of the products excited with a 532 nm laser line are shown in Figure 1b. Two characteristic peaks at around 1355 and 1580 cm−1 correspond to disordered carbon (D-band) and graphite carbon (G-band
Co-reductive fabrication of carbon nanodots with high quantum yield for bioimaging of bacteria
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 137–145, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.16
- , leading to high quantum yield C-dots. The obtained C-dots are well-dispersed with a uniform size and a graphite-like structure. A synergistic reduction mechanism was investigated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The findings show that using both thiourea
- carbon can be clearly detected for Sa, Sb and Se. The D-band, located at 1387 cm−1, correlates to the disorder or defects in the graphitized structure (sp3-hybridized carbon), while the G-band (1540 cm−1) is assigned to the E2g mode of graphite and corresponds to the vibration of sp2-bonded carbon atoms
- Bruker D8 Advance device with a graphite monochromatized Cu Kα radiation source (λ = 1.54056 Å). XRD diagrams were recorded from 10° to 60° with a step size of 0.02° at 3° min−1. Raman measurements were performed with a Renishaw RM1000 confocal microscope and a He–Ne laser (633 nm, 10 mW). The laser beam
Comparative study of post-growth annealing of Cu(hfac)2, Co2(CO)8 and Me2Au(acac) metal precursors deposited by FEBID
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 91–101, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.11
- nanocrystalline graphite with comparable crystal sizes of 12–14 nm at 300 °C annealing temperature. However, we observed a more effective formation of graphite clusters in Co- than in Cu- and Au-containing deposits. The graphitisation has a minor influence on the electrical conductivity improvements of Co–C
- ) (Figure 3d,e). The thermal conversion of amorphous carbon into graphite during FEBID using hydrocarbon compounds without a central metal atom has been previously reported by both Fedorov et al. [56] and Kulkarni and co-workers [57]. The rising D band peak accounts for the increase of boundaries, which
- turns the amorphous carbon into polycrystalline graphite. According to Tuinstra et al. [58], Robertson [59] and Ferrari and co-workers [60], both the G band shift and the integrated intensity ratio allow for the determination of the in-plane correlation length, or of the grain size of graphitic
Transition from silicene monolayer to thin Si films on Ag(111): comparison between experimental data and Monte Carlo simulation
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 48–56, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.7
- ][22]. In order to avoid such strong coupling, attempts have been made to grow silicene multilayers, or "silicite" thin films, with an atomic structure similar to the one of graphite, by evaporating larger amount of Si. On Ag(111), deposition on a substrate held at 470–500 K results in the formation of
Gas-sensing behaviour of ZnO/diamond nanostructures
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 22–29, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.4
- ., sp2-hybridised carbon atoms [35]. The high intensity of the diamond peak with respect to the G-band indicates a strong predominance of the diamond phase in the film with respect to the graphite component. In the XRD diffractograms (Figure 3b), the main diffraction peaks can be indexed as hexagonal
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