Imaging and milling resolution of light ion beams from helium ion microscopy and FIBs driven by liquid metal alloy ion sources

• Nico Klingner,
• Gregor Hlawacek,
• Paul Mazarov,
• Wolfgang Pilz,
• Fabian Meyer and
• Lothar Bischoff

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1742–1749, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.156

• gallium. Light ions in the range of m = 1–28 u (hydrogen to silicon) are of increasing interest due to the available high beam resolution in the nanometer range and their special chemical and physical behavior in the substrate. In this work, helium and neon ion beams from a helium ion microscope are

• ]. In particular, light elements in the mass range of m = 1–28 u (hydrogen to silicon) and energies between a few and 80 kiloelectronvolts are of special interest. The combination of this energy range with the particular mass range allows one to reach single-digit nanometer and even sub-nanometer

• the collision cascade and the origin of sputtered particles. From 2.5 × 105 ion impacts, for light elements such as hydrogen, down to 5000 ion impacts, for uranium, have been simulated (1 × 106 in total for all elements). The emission position of the sputtered particles (8.5 × 106 in total for all

Selective detection of complex gas mixtures using point contacts: concept, method and tools

• Alexander P. Pospelov,
• Victor I. Belan,
• Dmytro O. Harbuz,
• Volodymyr L. Vakula,
• Lyudmila V. Kamarchuk,
• Yuliya V. Volkova and
• Gennadii V. Kamarchuk

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1631–1643, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.146

• breath contains oxidizing agents (e.g., nitrogen oxides, carbon oxide, and sulfur oxides), reducing agents (e.g., hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, mercaptans, and organic molecules), and other chemically active components that can participate in various chemical transformations. It is known, for example, that

PTCDA adsorption on CaF₂ thin films

• Philipp Rahe

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1615–1622, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.144

• herringbone pattern, are not compatible with the three-fold rotational symmetry and the surface lattice dimensions. The adsorption geometry seems to especially block the common hydrogen bond motif between PTCDA molecules. Conclusion Adsorption properties of PTCDA molecules on Si(111)-(7 × 7), CaF1/Si(111

• ) surface area. (c) Example of imaging PTCDA on a CaF2/CaF1/Si(111) multilayer in constant-height mode. (f) Model drawing of a single PTCDA molecule (black: carbon, white: hydrogen, red: oxygen atoms). Statistical analysis of (a) the double-lobe orientation on the CaF1 layer and (b) the nearest-neighbour

Detecting stable adsorbates of (1S)-camphor on Cu(111) with Bayesian optimization

• Jari Järvi,
• Patrick Rinke and
• Milica Todorović

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1577–1589, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.140

• hydrogen (class Hy). The standard deviation of the adsorption energy (σB) in the surrogate PES is 0.019 eV in the global minimum and 0.025 eV on average over all minima (Table 1), which shows low uncertainty of the model in these points. The energies of the identified structures, calculated with DFT (ED

• charge comes from hydrogen (H) atoms, with O as the second notable contributor. In class Hy structures, the positive charge of camphor originates predominantly from H atoms. In the partial DOS of the relaxed structures (Figure 7b,c), we analyze the electronic states of the adsorbed camphor close to the

• the molecule via oxygen (class Ox) and (b) physisorption via hydrogen (class Hy). (c) Adsorption site of camphor in the relaxed structures (center of the molecule) and the high-symmetry points of the Cu(111) surface. Electronic properties of different camphor adsorbates. (a) The sum of partial charges

Cu₂O nanoparticles for the degradation of methyl parathion

• Juan Rizo,
• David Díaz,
• Benito Reyes-Trejo and
• M. Josefina Arellano-Jiménez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1546–1555, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.137

• ]. The 31P NMR spectra of Figure 4 show the results obtained when Cu2O NPs with an approximate size of 29 nm were used for the degradation. In this case, the final product formed is dimethyl hydrogen phosphate with a chemical shift of −4.9 ppm in deuterated chloroform (CDCl3). Similarly, the chemical

• shift of 42.2 ppm is that of dimethyl phosphorothioate (P=S) [40], which then hydrolyzes after 44 h to form dimethyl hydrogen phosphate (P=O) and the NMR peak at −4.9 ppm developes [42]. The intensity of the chemical shift is relatively low due to the low solubility in CDCl3, but when D2O is used the

• , because both 4-nitrophenol and dimethyl hydrogen phosphate (products) are more soluble in water than in chloroform but methyl parathion (reactant) is more soluble in CDCl3. The presence of 4-nitriphenol as reaction product has one important implication. It suggests the hydrolysis reaction takes place

Adsorption and self-assembly of porphyrins on ultrathin CoO films on Ir(100)

• Feifei Xiang,
• Tobias Schmitt,
• Marco Raschmann and
• M. Alexander Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1516–1524, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.134

• contrast, 2H-TCNPP is found to either form metal-organic networks or structures that, depending on the substrate, are stabilized by hydrogen bonding or dipolar coupling via its cyano groups [10][25][26]. This is similar to findings for other cyano-functionalized molecules [27][28][29][30]. The aim of this

• that are oriented parallel to each other. This bond mediates the interaction along the vertical direction in Figure 6b. The second is a hydrogen bond between a CN group and the macrocycle of a molecule nearby (along the horizontal direction in Figure 6b). A structural analysis of Figure 6b reveals a

• superstructure with respect to the quasi-hexagonal structure of the CoO 2BL film (red rectangle in Figure 6b). Arranging 2 in its gas phase configuration within this cell, we find that the CN groups of the dipolar bond have a distance of 0.4 nm and that the hydrogen bond has a length of 0.3 nm between the N atom

Self-assembly and spectroscopic fingerprints of photoactive pyrenyl tectons on hBN/Cu(111)

• Domenik M. Zimmermann,
• Knud Seufert,
• Luka Ðorđević,
• Tobias Hoh,
• Sushobhan Joshi,
• Tomas Marangoni,
• Davide Bonifazi and
• Willi Auwärter

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1470–1483, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.130

• interactions, including N…H bonds. Distinct organizational motifs could be discriminated (see inset of Figure 2b). The terminal N atom of one molecule could either establish H-bonding with a hydrogen atom of an adjacent pyridyl moiety of a neighboring molecule (link labeled d1 in Figure 2b, projected N…H bond

Antimicrobial metal-based nanoparticles: a review on their synthesis, types and antimicrobial action

• Matías Guerrero Correa,
• Fernanda B. Martínez,
• Cristian Patiño Vidal,
• Camilo Streitt,
• Juan Escrig and
• Carol Lopez de Dicastillo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1450–1469, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.129

• microorganisms [151]. Superoxide radicals (O2−), hydroxyl radicals (•OH), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and singlet oxygen (1O2) are the most well-known ROS. The mechanism that better explains the synthesis of ROS from NPs is based on their photocatalytic activity (Figure 5). Metal compounds receive enough energy

• , genes related to the general stress response were upregulated. Genes protecting against hydrogen peroxide oxidative damage, catalase/hydroperoxidase, superoxide radicals degradation genes, superoxide dismutase, and superoxide removal transcriptional activator, were upregulated in a range varying from

Protruding hydrogen atoms as markers for the molecular orientation of a metallocene

• Linda Laflör,
• Michael Reichling and
• Philipp Rahe

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1432–1438, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.127

• acid (FDCA) molecules on bulk and thin film CaF2(111) surfaces with non-contact atomic force microscopy (NC-AFM). We use NC-AFM image calculations with the probe particle model to interpret this distinct shape by repulsive interactions between the NC-AFM tip and the top hydrogen atoms of the

• of the ferrocene moiety, herein on CaF2(111) surfaces, by using the protruding hydrogen atoms as markers. Keywords: calcium fluoride (CaF2); ferrocene; functionalised tips; high-resolution imaging; non-contact atomic force microscopy; Introduction It is still a challenge to determine the precise

• ][8]. Furthermore, the imaging of hydrogen atoms attached to propellane molecules with CO-functionalised tips was suggested to enable the identification of three-dimensional molecules [9]. Very recently, a combination of NC-AFM and automated structure detection has been able to resolve the orientation

One-step synthesis of carbon-supported electrocatalysts

• Sebastian Tigges,
• Nicolas Wöhrl,
• Ivan Radev,
• Ulrich Hagemann,
• Markus Heidelmann,
• Thai Binh Nguyen,
• Stanislav Gorelkov,
• Stephan Schulz and
• Axel Lorke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1419–1431, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.126

• Sebastian Tigges Nicolas Wohrl Ivan Radev Ulrich Hagemann Markus Heidelmann Thai Binh Nguyen Stanislav Gorelkov Stephan Schulz Axel Lorke Faculty of Physics and CENIDE, University of Duisburg-Essen, Carl-Benz-Straße 199, 47057 Duisburg, Germany The hydrogen and fuel cell center (ZBT GmbH), Carl

• by optical emission spectroscopy (OES, see Supporting Information File 1, Figure S3). More remarkably, the density of the CNWs decreases drastically when increasing the hydrogen concentration in the plasma (Ar/H2 ≈118, Figure 4d, middle panel). Comparable results were previously reported by Cho et al

• . [28] and Suzuki and coworkers [29]. The reduction of the density of the CNWs results from the etching of the CNWs at the initial nucleation step by atomic hydrogen, effectively reducing the nucleation sites. Increasing the H2 concentration in the plasma finally results in the deposition of an

Impact of fluorination on interface energetics and growth of pentacene on Ag(111)

• Qi Wang,
• Meng-Ting Chen,
• Antoni Franco-Cañellas,
• Bin Shen,
• Thomas Geiger,
• Holger F. Bettinger,
• Frank Schreiber,
• Ingo Salzmann,
• Alexander Gerlach and
• Steffen Duhm

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1361–1370, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.120

• signs for PEN and PFP [11]. Electrostatic potential maps of PEN, F4PEN and PFP in the gas phase can be found in [46]. In general, hydrogen atoms bear a minimum, and fluorine atoms a maximum of the electron density, i.e., the quadrupole moments of F4PEN along the molecular short and long axes have

Atomic defect classification of the H–Si(100) surface through multi-mode scanning probe microscopy

• Jeremiah Croshaw,
• Thomas Dienel,
• Taleana Huff and
• Robert Wolkow

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1346–1360, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.119

• available via a single imaging mode. We demonstrate this through the characterization and classification of several commonly found defects of the hydrogen-terminated silicon (100)-2 × 1 surface (H–Si(100)-2 × 1) by using six unique imaging modes. The H–Si surface was chosen as it provides a promising

• platform for the development of atom scale devices, with recent work showing their creation through precise desorption or placement of surface hydrogen atoms. While samples with relatively large areas of the H–Si surface are routinely created using an in situ methodology, surface defects are inevitably

• formed reducing the area available for patterning. By probing the surface using the different interactivity afforded by either hydrogen- or silicon-terminated tips, we are able to extract new insights regarding the atomic and electronic structure of these defects. This allows for the confirmation of

Effect of localized helium ion irradiation on the performance of synthetic monolayer MoS₂ field-effect transistors

• Jakub Jadwiszczak,
• Pierce Maguire,
• Conor P. Cullen,
• Georg S. Duesberg and
• Hongzhou Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1329–1335, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.117

• medium channel [36][37][38]. However, the role of other impurities such as hydrogen and carbon from adventitious surface hydrocarbons in the observed p-doping ought to also be considered in future studies. For a given delivered dose, the ion beam provides a high concentration of effective adsorption

Growth of a self-assembled monolayer decoupled from the substrate: nucleation on-command using buffer layers

• Robby Reynaerts,
• Kunal S. Mali and
• Steven De Feyter

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1291–1302, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.113

• networks of BA-OC14 consist of a dense arrangement of hydrogen bonded dimers wherein the molecular columns show periodic kinks along the column axis after every three dimers. The origin of this relatively complex packing was thought to be the specific registry of the alkoxy chains with the substrate

• structure consists of bright blobs corresponding to the benzene rings flanked on either side by relatively darker regions which arise due to the tetradecyloxy chains. The benzene rings always appear in pairs indicating formation of hydrogen bonded dimers. Each lamella shows regular kinks along the lamella

• propagation direction. The kinks appear after every three hydrogen bonded dimers and the next three dimers are shifted with respect to the previous triplet of dimers (highlighted in red and green color, Figure 2g). The tetradecyloxy chains are oriented at ≈60° with respect to the column axis and are always

Structure and electrochemical performance of electrospun-ordered porous carbon/graphene composite nanofibers

• Yi Wang,
• Yanhua Song,
• Chengwei Ye and
• Lan Xu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1280–1290, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.112

• graphene, the spectra of PAN nanofibers exhibited a few minor changes. One of these changes was in the region of 3300–3500 cm−1, due to the interaction between graphene electrons and the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen atoms in the carbamate bond, changing the shape of the absorption peak. After

Role of redox-active axial ligands of metal porphyrins adsorbed at solid–liquid interfaces in a liquid-STM setup

• Thomas Habets,
• Sylvia Speller and
• Johannes A. A. W. Elemans

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1264–1271, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.110

• and hydrogen peroxide. The use of the environmentally most benign oxidant, molecular oxygen (O2), is also possible, but comes with a drawback. To be able to generate an Mn=O complex, the Mn(III) porphyrin first needs to be reduced to a Mn(II) porphyrin, which can subsequently coordinate to O2 and

Proximity effect in [Nb(1.5 nm)/Fe(x)]₁₀/Nb(50 nm) superconductor/ferromagnet heterostructures

• Yury Khaydukov,
• Sabine Pütter,
• Laura Guasco,
• Roman Morari,
• Gideok Kim,
• Thomas Keller,
• Anatolie Sidorenko and
• Bernhard Keimer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1254–1263, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.109

• following work of the same group [39] the modification of IEC by hydrogen uptake was reported. An advantage of niobium as N spacer is that it is the superconducting material with the highest bulk TC = 9.3 K among all elemental superconductors. However, the thickest Nb spacer layer where AP alignment is

High permittivity, breakdown strength, and energy storage density of polythiophene-encapsulated BaTiO₃ nanoparticles

• Adnanullah Khan,
• Amir Habib and
• Adeel Afzal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1190–1197, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.103

• , hydrogen peroxide (H2O2, solution 30% w/w, Scharlab, S.L.) and copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate (CuSO4·5H2O, reagent grade, ≥98.0%, Honeywell) solution are added to the BTO-Th mixture. The reaction is performed by stirring the mixture for 7 h at 50 °C. The product is washed with double-distilled water and

Nonadiabatic superconductivity in a Li-intercalated hexagonal boron nitride bilayer

• Kamila A. Szewczyk,
• Izabela A. Domagalska,
• Artur P. Durajski and
• Radosław Szczęśniak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1178–1189, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.102

• -hBN. We believe that this is possible. To do this, consider the form of the Eliashberg function of Li-hBN (Figure 5). It can easily be seen that the Eliashberg function consists of two clearly separated parts (similar to the functions of hydrogen compounds [95][96]). In the low-frequency range (ω

• DFT calculations. Also striking is the possibility of substitution (at least partially) of lithium by hydrogen or of boron and nitrogen by heavier elements. In the first case, the increase in critical temperature could be associated with an increase of the Debye frequency (TC ∼ ωD and , while the

• hydrogen nucleus has a lower mass than the lithium nucleus). In the second case, the increase in TC could result from the increase in the electron–phonon coupling constant (TC ∼ exp(−1/λ). Contributions from heavier elements in the Eliashberg function are in the low-frequency range and are potentially more

Straightforward synthesis of gold nanoparticles by adding water to an engineered small dendrimer

• Sébastien Gottis,
• Régis Laurent,
• Vincent Collière and
• Anne-Marie Caminade

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1110–1118, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.95

• a theoretical work was published in 2015 [65]. In this work, it was demonstrated that the first step required for the nonradical formation of an Au–Au bond was the presence of hydrogen followed by the insertion of a third gold atom to form a triangle by self-assembly. The release of only a small

A few-layer graphene/chlorin e6 hybrid nanomaterial and its application in photodynamic therapy against Candida albicans

• Selene Acosta,
• Carlos Moreno-Aguilar,
• Dania Hernández-Sánchez,
• Beatriz Morales-Cruzado,
• Erick Sarmiento-Gomez,
• Carla Bittencourt,
• Luis Octavio Sánchez-Vargas and
• Mildred Quintana

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1054–1061, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.90

• negatively affected, resulting in the interaction by H-bond formation. Thus, FLG and Ce6 interact by means of π–π stacking, Ce6–Ce6 transition dipole, hydrogen bond formation, hydrophobic, and electron-donor interactions [36]. The observed changes in the UV–vis spectrum of FLG- Ce6 corroborates the TEM

Excitonic and electronic transitions in Me–Sb₂Se₃ structures

• Nicolae N. Syrbu,
• Victor V. Zalamai,
• Ivan G. Stamov and
• Stepan I. Beril

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1045–1053, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.89

• following parameters: εb = 7.5, ωТ = 1.219 eV, ωLT = 14 meV, γ = 161, and M = 4.5m0. By using the obtained experimental data and the known relation where RH is the Rydberg energy of a hydrogen atom (13.6 eV) and Ry is the binding energy for the corresponding exciton (Rydberg constant), the reduced

A new photodetector structure based on graphene nanomeshes: an ab initio study

• Babak Sakkaki,
• Hassan Rasooli Saghai,
• Ghafar Darvish and
• Mehdi Khatir

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1036–1044, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.88

• atoms. Carbon atoms located at the edge of the holes can react easier with substrate atoms. While these atoms can be passivated with hydrogen and oxygen, we chose to use hydrogen. Figure 1d and Figure 1e show photodetector devices that are made of GNR and GNM materials, respectively. In the former, the

• used different atoms such as nitrogen, fluorine, and hydrogen to passivate the edge atoms, which yielded different results for the gap size. All these challenges make the production of GNR-based semiconductor materials difficult. However, these challenges are somewhat alleviated in GNMs. Table 1

• of the supercell have the same bandgap energy. The neck width is another factor determining the GNMs properties. The atoms at the edge of the holes in these materials have been passivated with hydrogen atoms. The results for the gap size with nitrogen passivation are almost the same. In practice

Gas-sensing features of nanostructured tellurium thin films

• Dumitru Tsiulyanu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1010–1018, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.85

• microcrystalline Te films have remarkable, sensitive properties toward ammonia [8][9] and hydrogen sulfide [10] and, to a lesser extent, to carbon oxides and amines [11]. In the last years, due to the increase in the general interest toward nanodimensional devices and structures, significant attention has been

Uniform Fe₃O₄/Gd₂O₃-DHCA nanocubes for dual-mode magnetic resonance imaging

• Miao Qin,
• Yueyou Peng,
• Mengjie Xu,
• Hui Yan,
• Yizhu Cheng,
• Xiumei Zhang,
• Di Huang,
• Weiyi Chen and
• Yanfeng Meng

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1000–1009, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.84

• researchers have been developing strategies to synthesize contrast agents [6][7][8][9]. MRI contrast agents can interact with the hydrogen protons that are present in the surrounding tissue, shortening their relaxation times and leading to signal changes [10]. Generally, contrast agents can be divided into