Green synthesis of biomass-derived carbon quantum dots for photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue

• Dalia Chávez-García,
• Mario Guzman,
• Viridiana Sanchez and
• Rubén D. Cadena-Nava

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 755–766, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.63

• 24 h, CQDs were successfully synthesized. A comprehensive characterization of the CQDs was performed using UV–visible spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, Raman spectroscopy, and luminescence spectroscopy, confirming their high quality. The photocatalytic

• activity of the CQDs in degrading methylene blue was evaluated under both sunlight and incandescent light irradiation, with measurements taken at 20 min intervals over a 2 h period. The CQDs, with sizes ranging from 1–10 nm, demonstrated notable optical properties, including upconversion and down

• are designed to be resistant to light, detergents, and cleaning products, making them difficult to remove. When these dyes are released into water bodies, they cause pollution problems such as chemical oxygen demand, toxicity, and reduced light penetration, which affects aquatic life. As a result, the

Effect of repeating hydrothermal growth processes and rapid thermal annealing on CuO thin film properties

• Monika Ozga,
• Eunika Zielony,
• Aleksandra Wierzbicka,
• Anna Wolska,
• Marcin Klepka,
• Marek Godlewski,
• Bogdan J. Kowalski and
• Bartłomiej S. Witkowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 743–754, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.62

• × magnification. The spectral resolution was of the order of 0.5 cm−1. A 532 nm semiconductor laser was used to illuminate the samples. The measurements were performed without detection of polarization of the scattered light. A liquid nitrogen-cooled multichannel silicon CCD camera was used as a detector. Results

Simultaneous electrochemical determination of uric acid and hypoxanthine at a TiO₂/graphene quantum dot-modified electrode

• Vu Ngoc Hoang,
• Dang Thi Ngoc Hoa,
• Nguyen Quang Man,
• Le Vu Truong Son,
• Le Van Thanh Son,
• Vo Thang Nguyen,
• Le Thi Hong Phong,
• Ly Hoang Diem,
• Kieu Chan Ly,
• Ho Sy Thang and
• Dinh Quang Khieu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 719–732, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.60

• storage derived from their conjugate structure makes them effectively utilizable over the full light spectrum [13][14]. GQDs can be prepared through solvothermal/hydrothermal processes or carbonization from suitable organic molecules (polymers or biomass) [15]. Biomass waste (e.g., agricultural residues

• µL of 500 µM URI and 20 µL of 500 µM HYT before dilution to 10 mL. Results and Discussion Characterization of materials The mixtures of GQDs and TiO2/GQDs suspensions were exposed to visible and UV light to confirm their fluorescence behavior. Under visible light, the aqueous suspension of GQDs is

• transparent and brown in color, while the suspension of the peroxo titanium complex is opaque yellow. The prepared TiO2/GQD aqueous suspensions, in contrast, display a light yellow color, which gets darker as the ratio of TiO2/GQD in the complex increases (Figure 1a). Under 365 nm UV irradiation (Figure 1b

Elastic modulus of β-Ga₂O₃ nanowires measured by resonance and three-point bending techniques

• Annamarija Trausa,
• Sven Oras,
• Sergei Vlassov,
• Mikk Antsov,
• Tauno Tiirats,
• Andreas Kyritsakis,
• Boris Polyakov and
• Edgars Butanovs

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 704–712, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.58

• chemical stability [4][5]. Ga2O3 is a promising candidate for visible-blind UV-light sensors [3], power devices and optoelectronics [6][7][8][9], gas sensors [10], and memory devices [8]. These applications can be scaled down to the nanoscale, including flexible nanodevices. Ga2O3 nanowires (NWs) could be

Gold nanomakura: nanoarchitectonics and their photothermal response in association with carrageenan hydrogels

• Nabojit Das,
• Vikas,
• Akash Kumar,
• Sanjeev Soni and
• Raja Gopal Rayavarapu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 678–693, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.56

• Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, India Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India Biomedical Applications Group, CSIR-Central Scientific Instruments Organisation, Sector 30C, Chandigarh 160030, India 10.3762/bjnano.15.56 Abstract Photothermal conversion of light

• incorporating the nanomakuras and further assessed their photothermal response. Nanomakura particles in association with k-CG were also able to show photothermal conversion, depicting their ability to interact with light without hindrance. The CTAB-AuNM, MTAB-AuNM, and DTAB-AuNM after incorporation into

• absorb NIR/IR wavelengths show efficient heat-generating capability. It is due to the strong absorption and scattering of light from visible to NIR/IR region that has brought radical advancement in the field of biomedical sciences. The manifestation of longitudinal surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) at the

Functional fibrillar interfaces: Biological hair as inspiration across scales

• Guillermo J. Amador,
• Brett Klaassen van Oorschot,
• Caiying Liao,
• Jianing Wu and
• Da Wei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 664–677, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.55

• [115]. Developing tools with one-dimensional structures is arguably the most basic and economical (materials-wise) solution for microorganisms. In this light, the “hairs” are their available tools, where most tools happen to look alike. This is the primary reason why microbial hairs defy easy

Laser synthesis of nanoparticles in organic solvents – products, reactions, and perspectives

• Theo Fromme,
• Sven Reichenberger,
• Katharine M. Tibbetts and
• Stephan Barcikowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 638–663, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.54

Exfoliation of titanium nitride using a non-thermal plasma process

• Priscila Jussiane Zambiazi,
• Dolores Ribeiro Ricci Lazar,
• Larissa Otubo,
• Rodrigo Fernando Brambilla de Souza,
• Almir Oliveira Neto and
• Cecilia Chaves Guedes-Silva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 631–637, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.53

• ferromagnetic properties and demonstrated high visible-light photocatalytic activity when loaded onto titania nanotube arrays. Titanium nitride (TiN) has gained recognition as an advanced engineering material because of its outstanding chemical and thermal stability, extreme hardness, and electrical

Comparative analysis of the ultrastructure and adhesive secretion pathways of different smooth attachment pads of the stick insect Medauroidea extradentata (Phasmatodea)

• Julian Thomas,
• Stanislav N. Gorb and
• Thies H. Büscher

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 612–630, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.52

• stick insect Medauroidea extradentata using scanning electron microscopy, micro-computed tomography, light microscopy, and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Our observations revealed structural differences between both attachment pads, reflecting their distinct functionality. Furthermore, our results

• site to the pad surface? The results could enhance our overall comprehension of the functionality of the two smooth attachment organs, euplantulae and arolium, also shedding light on the fluid production and transportation processes in different smooth pads of Phasmida. Materials and Methods Animal We

• contamination of the attachment pads. Light microscopy Two tarsi of adult female M. extradentata were dissected into five tarsomeres. The proximal four tarsomeres bear one euplantula each, whereas the fifth tarsomere additionally carries the pretarsus including the arolium (see Figure 1B, Figure 1C). The five

AFM-IR investigation of thin PECVD SiO_x films on a polypropylene substrate in the surface-sensitive mode

• Hendrik Müller,
• Hartmut Stadler,
• Teresa de los Arcos,
• Adrian Keller and
• Guido Grundmeier

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 603–611, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.51

• papers [1][3][9][10]. A general restriction of AFM-IR is its rather large depth of information, which depends on the sample structure and the chosen measurement mode such as contact mode or tapping mode. In general, the incident IR light excites a large volume of material beneath the AFM tip, and the tip

Stiffness calibration of qPlus sensors at low temperature through thermal noise measurements

• Laurent Nony,
• Sylvain Clair,
• Daniel Uehli,
• Aitziber Herrero,
• Jean-Marc Themlin,
• Andrea Campos,
• Franck Para,
• Alessandro Pioda and
• Christian Loppacher

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 580–602, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.50

Radiofrequency enhances drug release from responsive nanoflowers for hepatocellular carcinoma therapy

• Yanyan Wen,
• Ningning Song,
• Yueyou Peng,
• Weiwei Wu,
• Qixiong Lin,
• Minjie Cui,
• Rongrong Li,
• Qiufeng Yu,
• Sixue Wu,
• Yongkang Liang,
• Wei Tian and
• Yanfeng Meng

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 569–579, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.49

• diameters were 156 nm, 177 nm, and 199 nm, respectively (Figure 2e). The average size obtained from TEM was different from the sizes found by dynamic light scattering (DLS). The reason is that the TEM image depicts the size of the sample in the dry state, while the DLS method depicts the size of the

Directed growth of quinacridone chains on the vicinal Ag(35 1 1) surface

• Niklas Humberg,
• Lukas Grönwoldt and
• Moritz Sokolowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 556–568, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.48

• ) can be seen (red circles in Figure 2a), while in the other 50% of all cases, it looks as if the chain grows undistorted across the Ag step (light blue circles). For a closer look, a zoom-in onto chains at Ag step edges with molecular resolution is displayed in the inset. The blue circle highlights a

• which the distance b2 between the chains is minimal [23]. The model of the diffraction pattern in Figure 3b shows the spots of the known α-phase diffraction pattern in black and the new spots in gray. The reciprocal vectors of the α-phase and those of the new orientation E are depicted in red and light

Cholesterol nanoarchaeosomes for alendronate targeted delivery as an anti-endothelial dysfunction agent

• Horacio Emanuel Jerez,
• Yamila Roxana Simioni,
• Kajal Ghosal,
• Maria Jose Morilla and
• Eder Lilia Romero

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 517–534, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.46

• Bligh and Dyer method [77] by a colorimetric phosphate microassay [75]. Size and ζ potential of nanovesicles were determined by dynamic light scattering and phase analysis light scattering, respectively, using a Zetasizer Nano ZS apparatus (Malvern Instruments Ltd, UK). To prepare RhPE-labeled

• finished, aliquots of culture medium supernatant were mixed with 1 volume of Griess Reactive Solution “A” and 1 volume of Griess Reactive Solution “B” and incubated 15 min at room temperature protected from the light. Absorbance was measured at 520 nm in a Cytation™ 5 instrument. Nitrite concentration in

Aero-ZnS prepared by physical vapor transport on three-dimensional networks of sacrificial ZnO microtetrapods

• Veaceslav Ursaki,
• Tudor Braniste,
• Victor Zalamai,
• Emil Rusu,
• Vladimir Ciobanu,
• Vadim Morari,
• Daniel Podgornii,
• Pier Carlo Ricci,
• Rainer Adelung and
• Ion Tiginyanu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 490–499, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.44

• also needed in view of the large specific surface area inherent to the produced aeromaterials and of the important role played by surface states in shifting the edge of the valence band, improving the visible-light photocatalytic properties, as shown by first-principle investigations in some

• selected to focus the light on the sample surface. The system calibration was performed on a monocrystalline Si wafer with the main peak measured at 521 cm−1. A 1200 gr/mm grating with a resolution of 1 cm−1 was utilized. SEM images of ZnS microtetrapods obtained from ZnO microtetrapods after a

Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue under visible light by cobalt ferrite nanoparticles/graphene quantum dots

• Vo Chau Ngoc Anh,
• Le Thi Thanh Nhi,
• Le Thi Kim Dung,
• Dang Thi Ngoc Hoa,
• Nguyen Truong Son,
• Nguyen Thi Thao Uyen,
• Nguyen Ngoc Uyen Thu,
• Le Van Thanh Son,
• Le Trung Hieu,
• Tran Ngoc Tuyen and
• Dinh Quang Khieu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 475–489, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.43

• degradation of methylene blue (MB) under visible light. The catalyst can be recycled with an external magnetic field and displays suitable stability. Also, it was reused in three successive experiments with a loss of efficiency of about 5%. The CF/GQDs are considered as an efficient photocatalyst for MB

• photodegradation were evaluated by using dual liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC/MS-MS) after the MB solution samples were illuminated for 0, 60, 120, and 180 min. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) of MB solution samples was assessed after 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, and 150 min of light exposure. Result and

• white light, and it has a yellow-brown colour, characteristic of GQDs prepared from the natural polymer starch [16]. The solution on the right was exposed to 254 nm UV light, and the colour changed to green. The typical absorption peak at 287 nm in the UV–vis spectrum of the aqueous GQD solution (Figure

Fabrication of nanocrystal forms of ᴅ-cycloserine and their application for transdermal and enteric drug delivery systems

• Hsuan-Ang Tsai,
• Tsai-Miao Shih,
• Theodore Tsai,
• Jhe-Wei Hu,
• Yi-An Lai,
• Jui-Fu Hsiao and
• Guochuan Emil Tsai

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 465–474, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.42

• other hand, only a few research articles reported DCS formulations for parenteral administration [18][19]. Nanocarriers offer great advantages to many technological fields. For example, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) with silicon carbide nanocrystals can be applied as a photostabilizer or as a UV light

Potential of a deep eutectic solvent in silver nanoparticle fabrication for antibiotic residue detection

• Le Hong Tho,
• Bui Xuan Khuyen,
• Ngoc Xuan Dat Mai and
• Nhu Hoa Thi Tran

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 426–434, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.38

• -focus light element from Bruker, UK, were used. Raman spectra were collected with a XploRA ONE spectroscope (HORIBA, Japan), with a laser wavelength of 532 nm, 1 mW power, and an accumulation number of 60. Schematic of the Ag NPs-DES synthesis. (A) UV–vis spectrum of the Ag NPs-DES solution. (B) XRD

Classification and application of metal-based nanoantioxidants in medicine and healthcare

• Nguyen Nhat Nam,
• Nguyen Khoi Song Tran,
• Tan Tai Nguyen,
• Nguyen Ngoc Trai,
• Nguyen Phuong Thuy,
• Hoang Dang Khoa Do,
• Nhu Hoa Thi Tran and
• Kieu The Loan Trinh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 396–415, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.36

• promising application of chain-breaking antioxidants for scavenging ROS, most chain-breaking antioxidants have unsaturated bonds and strong antioxidant activity, which is greatly affected by pH variations, heat, light, and the amount of metal and oxygen. Moreover, chain-breaking antioxidants showed limited

• treatments. Recently, Wang et al. developed multifunctional Au/Ag nanodots (Au/AgNDs) as “pilot light” for real-time guided surgery (Figure 5) [170]. The authors proved that Au/AgNDs enhanced the deposition of ionizing radiation energy, increased intracellular ROS generation, and significantly improved

Controllable physicochemical properties of WO_x thin films grown under glancing angle

• Rupam Mandal,
• Aparajita Mandal,
• Alapan Dutta,
• Rengasamy Sivakumar,
• Sanjeev Kumar Srivastava and
• Tapobrata Som

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 350–359, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.31

• electrons under the InLens configuration. The optical characteristics of the films were examined using a UV–Vis–NIR spectrophotometer (Shimadzu-3101PC) equipped with an unpolarised light source (300–1200 nm wavelength range). Results and Discussion Figure 1a–d depicts AFM topographic images of as-deposited

Comparative electron microscopy particle sizing of TiO₂ pigments: sample preparation and measurement

• Ralf Theissmann,
• Christopher Drury,
• Markus Rohe,
• Thomas Koch,
• Jochen Winkler and
• Petr Pikal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 317–332, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.29

• presence of undispersed aggregates and agglomerates. The SSA and light scattering properties of the five samples were examined. To allow for a broader correlation of size parameters with SSA and CIELAB coordinates, an additional set of laboratory samples with a wider range of particle sizes was prepared

• and evaluated (see Experimental section). The EM MinFeret and EM ECD values according to measurement method M2 are given in Table 4, together with the SSA, the calculated specific surface area (c-SSA), and the CIELAB L*, a*, and b* coordinates showing the light scattering properties of each sample

• particle size distribution from dynamic light scattering measurements [20] was adapted to the results from the electron microscopy measurements. The SSA of all five samples was calculated from the measured particle size distributions according to three different models, based on MinFeret, ECD, and using

Determining by Raman spectroscopy the average thickness and N-layer-specific surface coverages of MoS₂ thin films with domains much smaller than the laser spot size

• Felipe Wasem Klein,
• Jean-Roch Huntzinger,
• Vincent Astié,
• Damien Voiry,
• Romain Parret,
• Houssine Makhlouf,
• Sandrine Juillaguet,
• Jean-Manuel Decams,
• Sylvie Contreras,
• Périne Landois,
• Ahmed-Azmi Zahab,
• Jean-Louis Sauvajol and
• Matthieu Paillet

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 279–296, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.26

• of the results. The first parameter is the wavelength of the incident laser light used in the Raman experiments. As it will be detailed in the following, the measurements of the frequencies, linewidths, and intensity of first-order Raman active phonon modes of MoS2 have to be obtained with good

• signal in the wavelength range of photoluminescence emission (around 650 nm). The third parameter to define is the power of the 532 nm light, Pλ, impinging the sample. Much of the Raman information available to evaluate the thickness of MoS2 flakes is based on the following parameters: (i) on precise

• incident laser light used in the experiments, the power of the incident light, and the oxide thickness of the SiO2/Si substrate on which the flakes are deposited, on the quality and accuracy of Raman results. Based on this analysis, an experimental protocol has been defined and systematically applied to

Ultrasensitive and ultrastretchable metal crack strain sensor based on helical polydimethylsiloxane

• Shangbi Chen,
• Dewen Liu,
• Weiwei Chen,
• Huajiang Chen,
• Jiawei Li and
• Jinfang Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 270–278, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.25

• and a light-emitting diode (LED). When a tensile strain is applied, the light emitted by the LED is modulated by the strain sensor. The LED rapidly switched off when the sensor surpassed the critical strain threshold of the target. The switch-off of the LED could serve as an alarm signal, and the

Vinorelbine-loaded multifunctional magnetic nanoparticles as anticancer drug delivery systems: synthesis, characterization, and in vitro release study

• Zeynep Özcan and
• Afife Binnaz Hazar Yoruç

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 256–269, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.24

• laser-driven photothermal agent [25]. However, it is challenging to completely eradicate solid tumors using PTT alone because of light scattering and limited absorption in tumor tissues. For this purpose, various modifications have been employed for passive tumor targeting. PEGylation, which involves

• where the synthesized nanostructure was exposed to NIR light, SN38-loaded nanoparticles effectively suppressed tumor growth chemotherapeutically and photothermally [29]. This promising result highlights the potential of the PEGylation of PDA nanoparticles for advanced cancer treatment strategies

Design, fabrication, and characterization of kinetic-inductive force sensors for scanning probe applications

• August K. Roos,
• Ermes Scarano,
• Elisabet K. Arvidsson,
• Erik Holmgren and
• David B. Haviland

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 242–255, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.23

• verify that kinetic inductive mechano-electric coupling (KIMEC) is a useful, albeit not entirely understood, physical effect. Further investigation of alternative designs will help to shed light on the underlying physical mechanism behind KIMEC. We hope that this study motivates future work in this