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Search for "photoelectron spectroscopy" in Full Text gives 332 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology. Showing first 200.

Apparent tunneling barrier height and local work function of atomic arrays

  • Neda Noei,
  • Alexander Weismann and
  • Richard Berndt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 3048–3052, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.283

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  • ] and photoelectron spectroscopy [9]. The concept of a local work function is particularly relevant for scanning tunneling microscopy [7][8]. In the most simple one-dimensional model the exponential variation of the tunneling current I at low bias with the tip–sample distance z is directly related to
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Published 17 Dec 2018

Optimization of Mo/Cr bilayer back contacts for thin-film solar cells

  • Nima Khoshsirat,
  • Fawad Ali,
  • Vincent Tiing Tiong,
  • Mojtaba Amjadipour,
  • Hongxia Wang,
  • Mahnaz Shafiei and
  • Nunzio Motta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2700–2707, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.252

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  • scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), UV–vis–NIR spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. A careful analysis of the resulting Mo/Cr thin film across all the sputtering parameters led us to the best combination, optimizing both the electro-optical response of the Mo/Cr
  • . Patterns were collected for 1 h at a step size of 0.01° from 10 to 85° 2θ at 1.3° per minute over the 2θ axis. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was performed using a Kratos Axis Supra with Al Kα X-ray radiation (hν 1486.7 eV). High-resolution scans of the O 1s, C 1s, Na 1s, Cr 2p, Na 1s and Mo 3d
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Published 18 Oct 2018

Impact of the anodization time on the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 nanotubes

  • Jesús A. Díaz-Real,
  • Geyla C. Dubed-Bandomo,
  • Juan Galindo-de-la-Rosa,
  • Luis G. Arriaga,
  • Janet Ledesma-García and
  • Nicolas Alonso-Vante

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2628–2643, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.244

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  • measured at a laser power of 2.5 mW/cm2 and a slit width of 25 μm. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to complement the information of the surface chemistry with a Thermo Scientific instrument (model K-Alpha + surface analysis). Electrochemical and photo-electrochemical characterization The
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Published 04 Oct 2018

Au–Si plasmonic platforms: synthesis, structure and FDTD simulations

  • Anna Gapska,
  • Marcin Łapiński,
  • Paweł Syty,
  • Wojciech Sadowski,
  • Józef E. Sienkiewicz and
  • Barbara Kościelska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2599–2608, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.241

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  • the obtained nanostructures and valence states of Au was measured using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) with an Omicron NanoTechnology spectrometer with 128-channel collector. XPS measurements were performed at room temperature under ultra-high vacuum conditions, below 1.1 × 10−8 mbar. The
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Published 28 Sep 2018

Intrinsic ultrasmall nanoscale silicon turns n-/p-type with SiO2/Si3N4-coating

  • Dirk König,
  • Daniel Hiller,
  • Noël Wilck,
  • Birger Berghoff,
  • Merlin Müller,
  • Sangeeta Thakur,
  • Giovanni Di Santo,
  • Luca Petaccia,
  • Joachim Mayer,
  • Sean Smith and
  • Joachim Knoch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2255–2264, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.210

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  • Moore’s law to reach the Si-crystallization limit of ca. 1.5 nm [15]. In our present work, we prove by hybrid-density functional theory (h-DFT) simulations and synchrotron-based long-term ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) that usn-Si indeed can have a massive ΔE of their electronic density of
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Published 23 Aug 2018

Phosphorus monolayer doping (MLD) of silicon on insulator (SOI) substrates

  • Noel Kennedy,
  • Ray Duffy,
  • Luke Eaton,
  • Dan O’Connell,
  • Scott Monaghan,
  • Shane Garvey,
  • James Connolly,
  • Chris Hatem,
  • Justin D. Holmes and
  • Brenda Long

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2106–2113, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.199

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  • under neutral conditions. Controlled-voltage etching was carried out with step widths of 2–5 nm. Secondary ion mass spectrometry data was acquired on a Phi Adept 1010 using a 0.5–1.0 keV Cs+ bombardment with negative ion detection. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy XPS spectra were acquired on an Oxford
  • variation of the molecule concentration during functionalization. A 50 nm sputtered SiO2 cap and annealing at 1050 °C for 5 s was used for all samples. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) study showing that there is a degree of surface oxidation after functionalization procedure even when carried out
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Published 06 Aug 2018

Metal-free catalysis based on nitrogen-doped carbon nanomaterials: a photoelectron spectroscopy point of view

  • Mattia Scardamaglia and
  • Carla Bittencourt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2015–2031, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.191

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  • ; photoelectron spectroscopy; Introduction Catalytic processes are the basis of many important technologies in the chemical industry and for energy generation, especially in the context of renewable, clean and sustainable energy production [1]. The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and the electrocatalytic
  • mechanism of nitrogen-doped carbon nanostructures is still under intense debate. In this review, we link the fundamental electronic properties to the catalytic performance from a photoelectron spectroscopy point of view. We focus on the discussion of the inherent ORR activity of nitrogen-doped graphene and
  • literature on the catalytic performance of nitrogen-doped carbon nanomaterials is vast. However, there are only few research groups that performed detailed X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements on their samples. In the already mentioned work by Qu et al. [20], one of the first reports on the
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Published 18 Jul 2018

Defect formation in multiwalled carbon nanotubes under low-energy He and Ne ion irradiation

  • Santhana Eswara,
  • Jean-Nicolas Audinot,
  • Brahime El Adib,
  • Maël Guennou,
  • Tom Wirtz and
  • Patrick Philipp

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1951–1963, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.186

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  • directly related to the number of defects in CNTs [30], or X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) which provides some information on the chemical environment of the carbon atoms [31]. In this context, it is to be noted that helium ion microscopy (HIM) has received increasing attention recently as a high
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Published 09 Jul 2018

Synthesis of a MnO2/Fe3O4/diatomite nanocomposite as an efficient heterogeneous Fenton-like catalyst for methylene blue degradation

  • Zishun Li,
  • Xuekun Tang,
  • Kun Liu,
  • Jing Huang,
  • Yueyang Xu,
  • Qian Peng and
  • Minlin Ao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1940–1950, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.185

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  • Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) using a Nicolet Nexus 670 spectrometer. The morphology of samples was observed with a TESCAN MIRA3 LMU scanning electron microscope (SEM) and a JEOL JEM-1200EX transmission electron microscope (TEM). The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements
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Published 06 Jul 2018

Synthesis of rare-earth metal and rare-earth metal-fluoride nanoparticles in ionic liquids and propylene carbonate

  • Marvin Siebels,
  • Lukas Mai,
  • Laura Schmolke,
  • Kai Schütte,
  • Juri Barthel,
  • Junpei Yue,
  • Jörg Thomas,
  • Bernd M. Smarsly,
  • Anjana Devi,
  • Roland A. Fischer and
  • Christoph Janiak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1881–1894, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.180

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  • IL [BMIm][BF4] for RE = Pr, Eu, Gd and Er. The crystalline phases and the absence of significant oxide impurities in RE-NPs and REF3-NPs were verified by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), selected area electron diffraction (SAED) and high-resolution X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The size
  • not done, because matching of the F Kα1 binding energy against the Lα1 or Lβ1 binding energies for Eu, Gd and Er is not very accurate. The measured oxidation state 3+ of the rare-earth metals in the fluorides was corroborated by high-resolution X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HR-XPS) (Figure 4 and
  • powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), selected area electron diffraction (SAED) and high-resolution X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HR-XPS). To the best of our knowledge, there have been so far no reports on the synthesis of non-oxidized nanoparticles of any rare-earth element by soft-wet chemical routes
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Published 28 Jun 2018

A visible-light-controlled platform for prolonged drug release based on Ag-doped TiO2 nanotubes with a hydrophobic layer

  • Caihong Liang,
  • Jiang Wen and
  • Xiaoming Liao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1793–1801, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.170

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  • + and the NDM hydrophobic layer was verified by SEM and EDS; the results are shown in Figure 3. Furthermore, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was employed to analyze the chemical state of the coating layer of Ag-TNTs and Zn-Ag-TNTs shown in Figure 4. Figure 3a,b clearly demonstrates that some
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Published 14 Jun 2018

SO2 gas adsorption on carbon nanomaterials: a comparative study

  • Deepu J. Babu,
  • Divya Puthusseri,
  • Frank G. Kühl,
  • Sherif Okeil,
  • Michael Bruns,
  • Manfred Hampe and
  • Jörg J. Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1782–1792, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.169

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  • at 20 kV. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements were performed using a K-Alpha XPS spectrometer (ThermoFisher Scientific, East Grinstead, UK). Data acquisition and processing using the Thermo Avantage software is described elsewhere [58]. All samples were analyzed using a microfocused
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Published 13 Jun 2018

Uniform cobalt nanoparticles embedded in hexagonal mesoporous nanoplates as a magnetically separable, recyclable adsorbent

  • Can Zhao,
  • Yuexiao Song,
  • Tianyu Xiang,
  • Wenxiu Qu,
  • Shuo Lou,
  • Xiaohong Yin and
  • Feng Xin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1770–1781, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.168

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  • adsorption spectra were recorded on a UV-2550 (Shimadzu, Japan) instrument. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was conducted on a PHA-5400 (SPECS, America) spectrometer. Raman spectra were performed on an In-Via Raman spectroscopy system (Renishaw, England) with excitation laser wavelengths of 532 nm
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Published 13 Jun 2018

Cryochemical synthesis of ultrasmall, highly crystalline, nanostructured metal oxides and salts

  • Elena A. Trusova and
  • Nikolai S. Trutnev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1755–1763, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.166

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  • atomic emission spectrometer (ICP-MS, Optima-5300). It was shown that the content of residual carbon and nitrogen in the powders did not exceed 0.08 and 0.07 wt %, respectively. The NiO nanopowder was characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS, PHI5500 Versa Probe II) with a monochromatic Al
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Published 12 Jun 2018

Toward the use of CVD-grown MoS2 nanosheets as field-emission source

  • Geetanjali Deokar,
  • Nitul S. Rajput,
  • Junjie Li,
  • Francis Leonard Deepak,
  • Wei Ou-Yang,
  • Nicolas Reckinger,
  • Carla Bittencourt,
  • Jean-Francois Colomer and
  • Mustapha Jouiad

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1686–1694, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.160

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  • deposited on SiO2 by sulfurization. The quality of the obtained NSs was analyzed by scanning electron and transmission electron microscopy, and Raman and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The as-grown NSs were then successfully transferred to the substrates using a wet chemical etching method. The
  • tip radius below 10 nm) with a resonant frequency of 312 kHz. To confirm the layer number of the NSs, micro-Raman spectroscopy was performed using a 473 nm laser at room temperature. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements were performed using a Thermo Fisher Scientific K-alpha
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Published 07 Jun 2018

Nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes coated with zinc oxide nanoparticles as sulfur encapsulator for high-performance lithium/sulfur batteries

  • Yan Zhao,
  • Zhengjun Liu,
  • Liancheng Sun,
  • Yongguang Zhang,
  • Yuting Feng,
  • Xin Wang,
  • Indira Kurmanbayeva and
  • Zhumabay Bakenov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1677–1685, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.159

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  • mAh·g−1 at a charge/discharge rate of 0.2C and maintained a reversible capacity of 665 mAh·g−1 after 100 cycles. The coulombic efficiency of the cathode remains unchanged above 99%, showing stable cycling performance. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis confirmed the formation of S–Zn and S–O
  • a strong bonding capacity for S. This will reduce the S losses to the electrolyte, and thus improve the cycling performance of the Li/S battery. In fact, the S–Zn and S–O bonds were confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) of the as-obtained S/ZnO@NCNT composite (Figure 5). In the S 2p
  • characterization Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD, SmartLab, Rigaku Corporation) with Cu Ka radiation was used to analyze the crystal structure of the S/ZnO@NCNT sample. The chemical status and elemental compositions of the sample were investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS, Shimadzu Axis Ultra
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Published 06 Jun 2018

Sulfur-, nitrogen- and platinum-doped titania thin films with high catalytic efficiency under visible-light illumination

  • Boštjan Žener,
  • Lev Matoh,
  • Giorgio Carraro,
  • Bojan Miljević and
  • Romana Cerc Korošec

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1629–1640, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.155

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  • dispersions [45]. The prepared samples were analyzed using thermogravimetric analysis–differential scanning calorimetry–mass spectrometry (TGA-DSC-MS), X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), specific surface area measurements via Brunauer–Emmett–Teller method (BET), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS
  • width (band gap is 3.44 eV for REF, 3.16 eV for Urea_15 and 2.81 eV for Thiourea_15). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy XPS measurements were performed on selected samples to determine the amount of dopant present and the oxidation states. XPS spectra for selected samples are presented in Figure 5. The
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Published 04 Jun 2018

Understanding the performance and mechanism of Mg-containing oxides as support catalysts in the thermal dry reforming of methane

  • Nor Fazila Khairudin,
  • Mohd Farid Fahmi Sukri,
  • Mehrnoush Khavarian and
  • Abdul Rahman Mohamed

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1162–1183, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.108

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  • /MgO–ZrO2 catalyst. The effect of the presence of MgO in maintaining the stability of the catalyst was clearly exhibited in the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results, as shown in Figure 5. Based on a study by Fan et al. [52], Figure 5 shows a high binding energy of 531.5 eV. This indicates the
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Published 13 Apr 2018

Electrostatic force spectroscopy revealing the degree of reduction of individual graphene oxide sheets

  • Yue Shen,
  • Ying Wang,
  • Yuan Zhou,
  • Chunxi Hai,
  • Jun Hu and
  • Yi Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1146–1155, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.106

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  • methods, such as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) [8][9], Raman spectroscopy [10], and UV–vis absorption spectra [11][12], reflect the average information of rGO materials. However, they cannot characterize an isolated rGO sheet at the nanoscale. Optical observation [13] and transmission electron
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Published 11 Apr 2018

Cyclodextrin inhibits zinc corrosion by destabilizing point defect formation in the oxide layer

  • Abdulrahman Altin,
  • Maciej Krzywiecki,
  • Adnan Sarfraz,
  • Cigdem Toparli,
  • Claudius Laska,
  • Philipp Kerger,
  • Aleksandar Zeradjanin,
  • Karl J. J. Mayrhofer,
  • Michael Rohwerder and
  • Andreas Erbe

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 936–944, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.86

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  • , with Raman spectra of the interface proving the adsorption of the intact β-CD. Angular dependent X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (ADXPS) and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) were used to extract a band-like diagram of the β-CD/ZnO interface, showing a large energy level shift at the
  • that affecting the defect chemistry of passivating films by molecular inhibitors maybe a viable strategy to control corrosion of metals. Keywords: band diagram; defect chemistry; organic corrosion inhibitors; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; zinc corrosion; Introduction Organic corrosion inhibitors
  • containing electrolyte, samples were analysed by angle-dependent X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (ADXPS) combined with ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS). Results and Discussion Electrochemical measurements of the corrosion potential Ecorr displayed in Figure 1a show a cathodic shift by several
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Published 20 Mar 2018

Nanoscale mapping of dielectric properties based on surface adhesion force measurements

  • Ying Wang,
  • Yue Shen,
  • Xingya Wang,
  • Zhiwei Shen,
  • Bin Li,
  • Jun Hu and
  • Yi Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 900–906, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.84

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  • a higher lateral resolution comparable to the conventional AFM modes. The dependence of the adhesion force under a biased AFM tip on the reduction degree of GO was also studied through X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) experiments. Figure 4a shows the average adhesion forces of the three
  • samples were processed using the software Nanoscope Analysis v1.7. For each image, a first-order flatten correction was applied to remove sample inclination. The reduction extent of the GO was characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS, AXIS Ultra DLD, Kratos). Schematic representation of the
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Published 16 Mar 2018

Effect of annealing treatments on CeO2 grown on TiN and Si substrates by atomic layer deposition

  • Silvia Vangelista,
  • Rossella Piagge,
  • Satu Ek and
  • Alessio Lamperti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 890–899, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.83

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  • obtained by using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements performed on a PHI 5600 instrument (Physics Electronics Inc.) equipped with a monochromatic Al Kα X-ray source (energy = 1486.6 eV) and a concentric hemispherical analyzer. The spectra were collected at a take-off angle of 45° and a band
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Published 15 Mar 2018

Facile chemical routes to mesoporous silver substrates for SERS analysis

  • Elina A. Tastekova,
  • Alexander Y. Polyakov,
  • Anastasia E. Goldt,
  • Alexander V. Sidorov,
  • Alexandra A. Oshmyanskaya,
  • Irina V. Sukhorukova,
  • Dmitry V. Shtansky,
  • Wolgang Grünert and
  • Anastasia V. Grigorieva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 880–889, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.82

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  • and Raman signal enhancement mediators. The efficiency of silver reduction was characterized by X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The developed substrates were applied for SERS detection of rhodamine 6G (enhancement factor of about 1–5 × 105) and an anti-ischemic mildronate drug
  • the compounds was carried out using WinXPow software and the ICDD PDF2 database. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis was performed using an electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA) setup at the Laboratory of Industrial Chemistry of Ruhr University at Bochum equipped with the X-ray
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Published 14 Mar 2018

Comparative study of antibacterial properties of polystyrene films with TiOx and Cu nanoparticles fabricated using cluster beam technique

  • Vladimir N. Popok,
  • Cesarino M. Jeppesen,
  • Peter Fojan,
  • Anna Kuzminova,
  • Jan Hanuš and
  • Ondřej Kylián

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 861–869, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.80

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  • thin polymer film does not affect the morphology. Since Ti clusters were prepared in three different manners, they exhibit different compositions as confirmed by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Ti NPs of type 1 immediately after the deposition demonstrate the peak at a binding energy
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Published 12 Mar 2018

Noble metal-modified titania with visible-light activity for the decomposition of microorganisms

  • Maya Endo,
  • Zhishun Wei,
  • Kunlei Wang,
  • Baris Karabiyik,
  • Kenta Yoshiiri,
  • Paulina Rokicka,
  • Bunsho Ohtani,
  • Agata Markowska-Szczupak and
  • Ewa Kowalska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 829–841, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.77

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  • were modified with silver and gold by photodeposition, and characterized by diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). It was found that silver co-existed in zero valent (core) and
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Published 07 Mar 2018
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