Threshold voltage decrease in a thermotropic nematic liquid crystal doped with graphene oxide flakes

• Mateusz Mrukiewicz,
• Krystian Kowiorski,
• Paweł Perkowski,
• Rafał Mazur and
• Małgorzata Djas

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 71–78, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.7

• areas. Therefore, the main advantage of GO is easy dispersibility in water and organic solvents [23][25]. Graphene oxide occurs in the form of two-dimensional flakes with anisotropic properties [24]. In thermotropic nematic liquid crystals, GO flakes create dipoles due to Maxwell–Wagner polarization [26

Surface plasmon resonance enhancement of photoluminescence intensity and bioimaging application of gold nanorod@CdSe/ZnS quantum dots

• Siyi Hu,
• Yu Ren,
• Yue Wang,
• Jinhua Li,
• Junle Qu,
• Liwei Liu,
• Hanbin Ma and
• Yuguo Tang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 22–31, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.3

• clearly determine that the dipole source is the actual source of the PL enhancement, we use light polarization directed along the long and short axes of the GNRs to stimulate the longitudinal and transverse modes, respectively. As shown in Figure 2b, which shows the FDTD simulation results, we can see

• polarization along the long axis direction z. d is the distance between the dipole source center and the GNR center, and the length of the GNRs was fixed at 40 nm. In vitro cell imaging study MCF-7 breast cancer cells (American Type Culture Collection) were cultured with Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium

Electrostatic force microscopy for the accurate characterization of interphases in nanocomposites

• Diana El Khoury,
• Richard Arinero,
• Jean-Charles Laurentie,
• Mikhaël Bechelany,
• Michel Ramonda and
• Jérôme Castellon

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2999–3012, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.279

• of the interphase is of utmost importance to explain most of the nanocomposite macroscopic behavior, particularly their electrical polarization properties. This local characterization requires high-resolution techniques that are sensitive to the dielectric properties of the material. These two

• layer on the signal [38][42]. Moreover, the high dielectric polarization response of the surface material also masks the response from the deeper parts. Besides, the difference between the deduced apparent permittivity of SiO2 (εapp = 17) and of Al2O3 (εAl2O3 = 9.8) was relatively low. Notably, high

Biomimetic surface structures in steel fabricated with femtosecond laser pulses: influence of laser rescanning on morphology and wettability

• Camilo Florian Baron,
• Alexandros Mimidis,
• Daniel Puerto,
• Evangelos Skoulas,
• Emmanuel Stratakis,
• Javier Solis and
• Jan Siegel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2802–2812, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.262

• ripples were formed, featuring a period close to that of the laser wavelength with an orientation perpendicular to the laser polarization. This discovery opened a new field of research, and soon thereafter, similar and more complex self-organized structures were reported for many other types of materials

• . The morphology corresponds to horizontal parallel lines that are oriented perpendicular to the laser polarization. The periodicity imprinted into the material is Λ = 850 nm, measured from a fast Fourier transform (FFT) of the SEM micrograph, which is much smaller than the laser spot size (2ω0 = 38.8

• µm), confirming the self-organizing nature of the formation process. Figure 1B shows grooves ( = 2 J/cm2, Neff_2D = 117), for which horizontal ripples can still be observed but are superimposed by vertical grooves, oriented parallel to the laser polarization. Figure 1C shows spikes ( = 2 J/cm2

Magnetic and luminescent coordination networks based on imidazolium salts and lanthanides for sensitive ratiometric thermometry

• Pierre Farger,
• Cédric Leuvrey,
• Mathieu Gallart,
• Pierre Gilliot,
• Guillaume Rogez,
• João Rocha,
• Duarte Ananias,
• Pierre Rabu and
• Emilie Delahaye

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2775–2787, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.259

• 40 kV and 40 mA equipped with a LynxEye detector. The X-ray diffraction data on single crystal were collected with graphite-monochromatized Mo Kα radiation (λ = 0.71073 Å) with a Kappa Nonius CCD diffractometer at room temperature. Intensity data were corrected for Lorenz-polarization and absorption

Oriented zinc oxide nanorods: A novel saturable absorber for lasers in the near-infrared

• Pavel Loiko,
• Tanujjal Bora,
• Josep Maria Serres,
• Haohai Yu,
• Magdalena Aguiló,
• Francesc Díaz,
• Uwe Griebner,
• Valentin Petrov,
• Xavier Mateos and
• Joydeep Dutta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2730–2740, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.255

• a fiber-coupled laser diode (an InGaAs one, emitting at ≈0.978 µm, for the Yb laser, and an AlGaAs one, emitting at ≈0.802 µm, for the Tm laser). The polarization of the laser emission was linear, E || Nm, naturally selected by the anisotropy of the gain. More details about the laser set-up can be

Silencing the second harmonic generation from plasmonic nanodimers: A comprehensive discussion

• Jérémy Butet,
• Gabriel D. Bernasconi and
• Olivier J. F. Martin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2674–2683, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.250

• been addressed in the case of connected gold nanodimers by comparing the evolution of the SHG with that of the two-photon photoluminescence [21]. It was shown that, although these two nonlinear optical processes involved two fundamental photons, they did not have the same incident polarization

• the gold surfaces and then used for the calculation of the surface SH polarization [26][27]. Only the χsurf,nnn component of the surface tensor (where n denotes the component normal to the surface) is considered. Recent experimental results show that this term dominates the surface response of

• ][29]. The SH surface currents are obtained by solving the surface integral equation formulation taking into account the nonlinear polarization and enforcing the boundary conditions at the nanostructure surfaces [30]. As the linear surface currents, the SH surface currents are expanded on Rao–Wilton

Polarization-dependent strong coupling between silver nanorods and photochromic molecules

• Gwénaëlle Lamri,
• Alessandro Veltri,
• Jean Aubard,
• Pierre-Michel Adam,
• Nordin Felidj and
• Anne-Laure Baudrion

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2657–2664, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.247

• Abstract Active plasmonics is a key focus for the development of advanced plasmonic applications. By selectively exciting the localized surface plasmon resonance sustained by the short or the long axis of silver nanorods, we demonstrate a polarization-dependent strong coupling between the plasmonic

• largely damped oscillators [16]. It is of note that the main dipolar plasmonic resonance sustained by a cylindrical nanoparticle is not dependent on the in-plane incident polarization due to the symmetry center of the nanoparticle. However, a polarization-dependent control of the optical properties of a

• polarization. In this context, a polarization-dependent external control of the plasmonic properties could be of prime interest for active plasmonic devices. In this work, we make use of the same protocol as in [16] and apply it to nanorods to demonstrate a polarization-dependent strong coupling between

Nanoantenna structures for the detection of phonons in nanocrystals

• Alexander G. Milekhin,
• Sergei A. Kuznetsov,
• Ilya A. Milekhin,
• Larisa L. Sveshnikova,
• Tatyana A. Duda,
• Ekaterina E. Rodyakina,
• Alexander V. Latyshev,
• Volodymyr M. Dzhagan and
• Dietrich R. T. Zahn

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2646–2656, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.246

• corresponding to the light polarization along the nanoantenna axis and perpendicular to it was calculated and analyzed. Results and Discussion LSPR modes in nanoantennas with different morphology The typical SEM and optical images of nano- and microantenna arrays used as substrates for the deposition of NCs are

• TE polarization, the electric field of which is parallel to the nanoantenna axis (E0 II X) at any θ, there is no retardation effect and the even the LSPR mode remains dipole inactive. For TM polarization, the situation is fundamentally different: due to the appearance of the nonzero z-component of

• formed near the gaps of linear and H-shaped nanoantennas where the maximal field enhancement for the light polarization along the nanoantennas is expected. The IR transmission spectra of the samples with linear nanoantenna arrays before and after deposition of CdSe and CdS NCs with different ML quantities

Impact of the anodization time on the photocatalytic activity of TiO₂ nanotubes

• Jesús A. Díaz-Real,
• Geyla C. Dubed-Bandomo,
• Juan Galindo-de-la-Rosa,
• Luis G. Arriaga,
• Janet Ledesma-García and
• Nicolas Alonso-Vante

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2628–2643, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.244

• , high specific surface area, high mass-transport rate, and remarkable light-harvesting properties [17][18]. Generally, the electrochemical anodization process implies that the anodic polarization of a mechanically/chemically prepared Ti sheet induces the growth of TNTs using an etching agent (typically

• minimize the contribution of the charging current from the scan rate, linear-sweep voltammograms (LVS) were recorded at v = 5 mV/s in anodic direction from 0.05 to 1.0 V/RHE. A constant polarization at 0.05 V/RHE for 10 s was applied to the electrodes prior to running the LSV, as a pretreatment to minimize

• of their specific systems [27][60][61]. A similar approach was used to evaluate the PEC properties of the TNTs. For this purpose, the electrodes were illuminated in a cell with quartz window while performing LSV using the same pretreatment of 10 s polarization. The photocurrent, jph, is then obtained

Enhancement of X-ray emission from nanocolloidal gold suspensions under double-pulse excitation

• Wei-Hung Hsu,
• Frances Camille P. Masim,
• Armandas Balčytis,
• Hsin-Hui Huang,
• Tetsu Yonezawa,
• Aleksandr A. Kuchmizhak,
• Saulius Juodkazis and
• Koji Hatanaka

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2609–2617, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.242

• for the double-pulse irradiation using half-wave plates (65-906, Edmund Optics) and polarization beam splitters (47-048, Edmund Optics). Vertically and horizontally polarized pulses are defined as the pre-pulse and the main pulse, respectively. The vertically polarized pre-pulse intensity is below the

• an aperture of 2 mm. The orientation of the E1 polarization is shown for reference. X-ray intensities from (a) a water film and (b) a film of a colloidal suspension of gold nanospheres irradiated by a pre-pulse at 80 μJ/pulse and a main pulse at 700 μJ/pulse with different time delays. The automatic

Improved catalytic combustion of methane using CuO nanobelts with predominantly (001) surfaces

• Qingquan Kong,
• Yichun Yin,
• Bing Xue,
• Yonggang Jin,
• Wei Feng,
• Zhi-Gang Chen,
• Shi Su and
• Chenghua Sun

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2526–2532, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.235

• forms, but spin-polarization for lowly coordinated Cu on the surface and radicals involved in CH4 oxidation deserves serious consideration. For instance, the difference in calculated adsorption energies with and without spin-polarization can be as high as 0.1–0.2 eV, with geometries showing slight

• reactant to product). Based on our tests, both spin-polarization and vdW corrections are necessary, especially for the calculation of intermediate radicals involved in CH4 oxidation (e.g., CH2*, CH* and O*). During the quick screening of surfaces for CH4 adsorption, the adsorption energy (AE) and

High-temperature magnetism and microstructure of a semiconducting ferromagnetic (GaSb)_1−x(MnSb)_x alloy

• Leonid N. Oveshnikov,
• Elena I. Nekhaeva,
• Alexey V. Kochura,
• Alexander B. Davydov,
• Mikhail A. Shakhov,
• Sergey F. Marenkin,
• Oleg A. Novodvorskii,
• Alexander P. Kuzmenko,
• Alexander L. Vasiliev,
• Boris A. Aronzon and
• Erkki Lahderanta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2457–2465, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.230

• doped by Mn [1][2][3]. Among these systems, the most well-known and extensively studied is Ga1−xMnxAs. Here Mn atoms substitute Ga atoms and establish a ferromagnetic state realized through carrier-induced indirect exchange between Mn atoms by a Zener–RKKY mechanism accompanied by the spin polarization

• was suggested [9] that the ferromagnetic ordering in this case is induced by the interaction of MnSb magnetic clusters with carriers inside the matrix. It should induce carrier spin-polarization and lead to the formation of a long-range ferromagnetic percolation cluster, which includes both MnSb

• (electron transport) properties. Therefore, these samples are more suitable to reveal the nature of magnetic properties and hole spin-polarization in this material, which is the aim of this paper. Main parameters of the studied samples are presented in Table 1. Figure 1a shows typical curves of the

Hydrothermal-derived carbon as a stabilizing matrix for improved cycling performance of silicon-based anodes for lithium-ion full cells

• Mirco Ruttert,
• Florian Holtstiege,
• Jessica Hüsker,
• Markus Börner,
• Martin Winter and
• Tobias Placke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2381–2395, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.223

• , the VE is lower than before and stabilizes at ≈94% in both cases. The decrease compared to the formation cycles is most likely due to stronger polarization effects of the electrodes at higher currents [8][70]. A high VE indicates a small voltage hysteresis between charge and discharge of the cell

Directional light beams by design from electrically driven elliptical slit antennas

• Shuiyan Cao,
• Eric Le Moal,
• Quanbo Jiang,
• Aurélien Drezet,
• Serge Huant,
• Jean-Paul Hugonin,
• Gérald Dujardin and
• Elizabeth Boer-Duchemin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2361–2371, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.221

• of the system, the emitted beam is a cylindrical vector beam with radial polarization [40]. When the tip is off-center, the emission from different positions along the circular slit is out-of-phase. As previously reported in [40], light beams tilted by up to 10° may be obtained in this way while

• consequences: The SPP-to-light scattering efficiency is the same all along the slit, and the polarization of the scattered light is purely radial (see Figure 9b,c). This is in contrast to the elliptical slit antenna where the distance between the SPP source (located at one focus) and the slit depends on the

• the slit. In addition, the fact that the SPP propagation is not orthogonal to the slit has an effect on the polarization of the scattered light. SPP-to-light scattering at the slit essentially relies on the excitation of surface plasmons that oscillate in the plane of the sample in the direction

Pinning of a ferroelectric Bloch wall at a paraelectric layer

• Vilgelmina Stepkova and
• Jiří Hlinka

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2356–2360, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.220

• , little is known about robustness of the inner polarization, present within the nanoscale thickness of ferroelectric Bloch walls [6][7]. For example, it has not yet been clarified whether such a localized polarization is sustained under the influence of the chemical stoichiometry concentration

• parent cubic lattice of both BaTiO3 and SrTiO3. It is found that a nanometer thin layer of SrTiO3 acts as a pinning loci not only for the Ising wall but also for the Bloch wall. Moreover, these results suggest that such a pinned Bloch wall can loose practically all of its inner polarization (see Figure 2

• ). This result could be possibly used to set or modify the helicity of Bloch walls passing through conveniently placed paraelectric gate layers in future domain-wall-based devices. Results and Discussion The peculiarity of the investigated ferroelectric domain wall is best understood when the polarization

Performance analysis of rigorous coupled-wave analysis and its integration in a coupled modeling approach for optical simulation of complete heterojunction silicon solar cells

• Ziga Lokar,
• Benjamin Lipovsek,
• Marko Topic and
• Janez Krc

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2315–2329, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.216

• electric (TE) and transversal magnetic (TM) polarization components. The RCWA waves can be simply transformed into rays and back, as the phase is not needed when propagating in incoherent parts of the cell. This makes the combination of the methods very suitable to couple, as there is no need for

• additional transformations, unlike the combinations of raytracing with other methods. However, the phase can also be considered in the presented CMA if, e.g., only thin coherent layers would be coupled. One should note that in general, the polarization of a wave with respect to the normal of the interface

• can change from TE to TM or vice versa. This is unlike in (locally) flat interfaces considered with ray optics or TMM, where local TE and TM polarization persist after reflection or refraction. This difference in 3D wave simulations is caused by the diffracted waves, which may not propagate in the

Metal–dielectric hybrid nanoantennas for efficient frequency conversion at the anapole mode

• Valerio F. Gili,
• Lavinia Ghirardini,
• Davide Rocco,
• Giuseppe Marino,
• Ivan Favero,
• Iännis Roland,
• Giovanni Pellegrini,
• Lamberto Duò,
• Marco Finazzi,
• Luca Carletti,
• Andrea Locatelli,
• Aristide Lemaître,
• Dragomir Neshev,
• Costantino De Angelis,
• Giuseppe Leo and
• Michele Celebrano

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2306–2314, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.215

• spectrum. In this frame, AlGaAs nanoantennas demonstrated to be extremely efficient sources of second harmonic radiation. In particular, the nonlinear polarization of an optical system pumped at the anapole mode can be potentially boosted, due to both the strong dip in the scattering spectrum and the near

• platforms is almost two orders of magnitude higher than in isolated nanopillars. We also find sizeable THG with an emission yield comparable to that of SHG, which is unexpected since third-order nonlinear processes are commonly negligible in these systems [28][38]. The polarization-dependent optical

• wavelength. To better address this outcome, we have thoroughly analyzed the SHG dependence as a function of the incident polarization as well as the SHG emission patterns for both the hybrid structure and the reference isolated pillar. Figure 5 shows the polar plots of the total collected SH intensity (i.e

Two-dimensional photonic crystals increasing vertical light emission from Si nanocrystal-rich thin layers

• Lukáš Ondič,
• Marian Varga,
• Ivan Pelant,
• Alexander Kromka,
• Karel Hruška and
• Robert G. Elliman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2287–2296, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.213

• as a function of the incident light polarization and the angle of incidence. As the leaky modes manifest themselves in the transmission and reflection spectra as Fano-like resonances, this approach provides a simple way to identify the leaky modes of the structure. Because the simulated leaky

Intrinsic ultrasmall nanoscale silicon turns n-/p-type with SiO₂/Si₃N₄-coating

• Dirk König,
• Daniel Hiller,
• Noël Wilck,
• Birger Berghoff,
• Merlin Müller,
• Sangeeta Thakur,
• Giovanni Di Santo,
• Luca Petaccia,
• Joachim Mayer,
• Sean Smith and
• Joachim Knoch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2255–2264, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.210

• optimized geometries, their electronic structure was calculated again by testing and optimizing the MO-BS wavefunction ensemble with the B3LYP hybrid DF [19][20] and the Gaussian-type 6-31G(d) MO-BS which contains d-polarization functions (B3LYP/6-31G(d)) [21] to describe the strong polar nature of atomic

Light–Matter interactions on the nanoscale

• Mohsen Rahmani and
• Chennupati Jagadish

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2125–2127, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.201

• of applications, including sensing and optical tuning, dispersion engineering and polarization manipulation [14]. Recently, it has been demonstrated that light–matter interactions at the nanoscale can even be induced via sub-nanometer materials [15][16], for example, graphene [17]. The interaction of

High-throughput synthesis of modified Fresnel zone plate arrays via ion beam lithography

• Kahraman Keskinbora,
• Umut Tunca Sanli,
• Margarita Baluktsian,
• Corinne Grévent,
• Markus Weigand and
• Gisela Schütz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2049–2056, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.194

• including the stage travel and calculation overhead. The cross-shaped reflected intensity pattern seen in all the FZPs in Figure 4b is a polarized bright-field optical microscope image and a sign of overall high quality [46]. The cross shape rotates as the polarization is varied between 0° and 90°. The dark

Electromigrated electrical optical antennas for transducing electrons and photons at the nanoscale

• Arindam Dasgupta,
• Mickaël Buret,
• Nicolas Cazier,
• Marie-Maxime Mennemanteuil,
• Reinaldo Chacon,
• Kamal Hammani,
• Jean-Claude Weeber,
• Juan Arocas,
• Laurent Markey,
• Gérard Colas des Francs,
• Alexander Uskov,
• Igor Smetanin and
• Alexandre Bouhelier

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1964–1976, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.187

• representation isolates two extreme cases of bias polarization: and separated by a minimum in the plot indicating the cross-over between the transport regimes. The effective barrier height of the electrodes may be directly inferred from this minimum, commonly referred to as the transition voltage Vt. The

Increasing the performance of a superconducting spin valve using a Heusler alloy

• Andrey A. Kamashev,
• Aidar A. Validov,
• Joachim Schumann,
• Vladislav Kataev,
• Bernd Büchner,
• Yakov V. Fominov and
• Ilgiz A. Garifullin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1764–1769, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.167

• polarization of the conduction band. The heterostructures demonstrate a significant superconducting spin-valve effect, i.e., a complete switching on and off of the superconducting current flowing through the system by manipulating the mutual orientations of the magnetization of the F1 and F2 layers. The

• /Pb has been investigated in detail with the focus on the S/F proximity effect very recently. It was shown [25] that the degree of the spin polarization of the conduction band of the HA film amounts to 30% for the films prepared at a particular substrate temperature of Tsub = 300 K during the growth

• of the HA layer and to 70% at Tsub = 600 K. In the AFM/F1/N1/F2/N2/S structure it would be advantageous to achieve a penetration depth of the Cooper pairs into F2 ferromagnetic layer as large as possible. This means that the spin polarization of the conduction band should be small. To fulfill this

Josephson effect in junctions of conventional and topological superconductors

• Alex Zazunov,
• Albert Iks,
• Miguel Alvarado,
• Alfredo Levy Yeyati and
• Reinhold Egger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1659–1676, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.158

• modeled by a Kitaev chain, the supercurrent vanishes identically [31]. This supercurrent blockade can be traced back to the different (s/p-wave) pairing symmetries for the S/TS leads, together with the fact that MBSs have a definite spin polarization. For an early study of Josephson currents between

• by two TS wires and one S lead, crossed Andreev reflections allow for the nonlocal splitting of Cooper pairs in the S electrode involving both TS wires (or the reverse process). In this way, an equilibrium supercurrent will be generated unless the MBS spin polarization axes of both TS wires are

• ] then rule out a supercurrent for TS wires in the deep topological regime. We show below that unless B is inadvertently aligned with the MBS spin polarization axis, spin mixing will indeed generate a supercurrent. The S/TS leads are coupled to the QD via a tunneling Hamiltonian [70], where ψσ and ψ are