Spin dynamics in superconductor/ferromagnetic insulator hybrid structures with precessing magnetization

• Yaroslav V. Turkin and
• Nataliya Pugach

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 233–239, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.22

• spin current takes the following form [29]: where K is the Keldysh component. Using the normalization condition, Keldysh Green’s function can be written through the distribution function : . In thermal equilibrium, the distribution matrix reduces to a function tanh(βℏω/2), β = 1/kT, which corresponds

• induced magnetization [35]. However, more precise results presented in Figure 3 show that the induced magnetization at the interface depends nonmonotonically on the precession frequency. Moreover, a maximum becomes obvious with increasing temperature, even if we do not take into account the thermal

Cyclodextrins as eminent constituents in nanoarchitectonics for drug delivery systems

• Makoto Komiyama

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 218–232, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.21

• smaller band overlap of the trans/cis isomers, and thus the photoisomerization proceeds almost completely in both directions. Moreover, thermal relaxation of the cis isomer is negligible [52]. Like azobenzenes, only the trans isomer forms inclusion complexes with CyDs. In Figure 3b, carboxymethyl

• nanoarchitectures to promote photothermal therapy In photothermal therapy, light energy is converted to thermal energy, which ultimately kills malignant cells [86]. In general, tumors are less resistant to heat than normal tissues. Advantageously, even light of long wavelengths is directly employable. Furthermore

Concentration-dependent photothermal conversion efficiency of gold nanoparticles under near-infrared laser and broadband irradiation

• Vikas,
• Raj Kumar and
• Sanjeev Soni

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 205–217, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.20

• temperature decay profile of the suspension after the light source is turned off. At thermal equilibrium, the temporal change in the temperature becomes almost zero. Hence, the photothermal conversion efficiency can be described as: By using Equation 6 and Equation 7, the temperature rise of a GNP suspension

• concentrations. Under NIR laser irradiation, the photothermal conversion efficiency increases with an increase in optical power. The reported maximum temperature increase of 16 °C corresponds to about 53 °C with respect to the physiological temperature of 37 °C, which is sufficient for thermal threatment of

A novel approach to pulsed laser deposition of platinum catalyst on carbon particles for use in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells

• Bogusław Budner,
• Wojciech Tokarz,
• Sławomir Dyjak,
• Andrzej Czerwiński,
• Bartosz Bartosewicz and
• Bartłomiej Jankiewicz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 190–204, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.19

• (absolute) pressure in an argon atmosphere. After thermal ignition, a mixture of magnesium and calcium formate powders (mixed with a 6:1 molar ratio) reacted vigorously in a self-propagating high-temperature regime, giving rise to MgO/CaO and carbon as the main solid-state products. After the reaction, a

High–low Kelvin probe force spectroscopy for measuring the interface state density

• Ryo Izumi,
• Masato Miyazaki,
• Yan Jun Li and
• Yasuhiro Sugawara

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 175–189, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.18

• electron and hole densities of the bulk state. Analogously, the emission rates per unit volume for electrons and holes ( and ) are given by In thermal equilibrium, the amount of capture and the amount of emission for a carrier coincide as follows: The net generation/recombination rate RSRH is given by the

• τp in n-type semiconductors and the electron (minority carrier) lifetime τn in p-type semiconductors as follows: where σn and σp are the capture cross sections for electrons and holes, respectively, vth is the thermal velocity, and Nit is the concentration of interface states. These equations

• indicate that the carrier lifetimes τp and τn are reciprocals of the capture rates per single carrier determined by the capture cross sections σn and σp, thermal velocity vth, and concentration of interface states Nit, which depend on semiconductor type, temperature, carrier density, and interface state

Formation of nanoflowers: Au and Ni silicide cores surrounded by SiO_x branches

• Feitao Li,
• Siyao Wan,
• Dong Wang and
• Peter Schaaf

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 133–140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.14

• always deposited after the Ni layer to prevent the oxidation of the Ni layer. The bilayer thicknesses of different systems were 15 nm Au/5 nm Ni, 10 nm Au/10 nm Ni and 5 nm Au/15 nm Ni, and the thickness of each layer was controlled by a quartz balance during the deposition. Thermal annealing was carried

• out in a rapid thermal processing (RTP, Jipelec Jetstar 100) furnace. First, the chamber was evacuated and purged with Ar three times at room temperature, then a flow of forming gas of Ar + H2 (volume ratio 30:1) was kept till the end of the experiment. The temperature was ramped up to 300 °C in 20 s

Intermodal coupling spectroscopy of mechanical modes in microcantilevers

• Ioan Ignat,
• Bernhard Schuster,
• Jonas Hafner,
• MinHee Kwon,
• Daniel Platz and
• Ulrich Schmid

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 123–132, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.13

• , these improvements have yet to find a practical way to AFM. As a solution, we investigate here a mechanism in which individual mechanical eigenmodes of a microcantilever couple to one another, mimicking optomechanical techniques to reduce thermal noise. We have a look at the most commonly used modes in

• , which would activate intermodal coupling between two or more eigenmodes. With this geometric nonlinearity, we can circumvent the use of tip–sample forces and apply techniques from optomechanics. Sideband cooling will reduce thermal noise of the fundamental mode. Parametric amplification relies on

• and mode splitting. Applying the sum, referred to as blue sideband pump, will cause either mode squeezing or parametric amplification [22], provided that the amplitude is optimally chosen. We will focus on the red sideband, as sideband cooling is useful for reducing thermal noise in standard AFM and

Characterisation of a micrometer-scale active plasmonic element by means of complementary computational and experimental methods

• Ciarán Barron,
• Giulia Di Fazio,
• Samuel Kenny,
• Silas O’Toole,
• Robin O’Reilly and
• Dominic Zerulla

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 110–122, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.12

• optical and thermal data are used to inform detailed finite element method simulations for verification and to predict system responses allowing for enhanced design choices to maximise modulation depth and localisation. Keywords: active plasmonics; atomic force microscope; scanning Joule expansion

• applications in the development of new imaging technologies using this localised field to go beyond the diffraction limit of light. Because the temperature is geometry-dependent in the constriction, it is necessary to map the thermal distribution in the vicinity of the element. The experimental complementary

• method therefore investigates the thermal response of this active plasmonic element at a high spatial resolution. Knowledge of the distribution leads to predictions on how the near field will be locally affected, which is key for understanding the behaviour of the active plasmonic element. The heating

Antimicrobial and mechanical properties of functionalized textile by nanoarchitectured photoinduced Ag@polymer coating

• Jessica Plé,
• Marine Dabert,
• Helene Lecoq,
• Sophie Hellé,
• Lydie Ploux and
• Lavinia Balan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 95–109, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.11

• difficult to implement and tend to cause NP self-aggregation. In situ methods are therefore generally preferred and typically require the polymer film surface to be treated with a metal precursor solution (layer-by-layer [37][38], sol–gel [39]) before undergoing thermal [40] or chemical reduction reactions

Gap-directed chemical lift-off lithographic nanoarchitectonics for arbitrary sub-micrometer patterning

• Chang-Ming Wang,
• Hong-Sheng Chan,
• Chia-Li Liao,
• Che-Wei Chang and
• Wei-Ssu Liao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 34–44, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.4

• ) was obtained from the ELGA PURELAB classic system (Taipei, Taiwan). CLL operation processes and bioactive substrates preparation In a manner similar to a previous study [26], silicon substrates with 100 nm thick Au and 5 nm Cr adhesive layers were prepared by thermal evaporation. To prepare a SAM

The influence of structure and local structural defects on the magnetic properties of cobalt nanofilms

• Alexander Vakhrushev,
• Aleksey Fedotov,
• Olesya Severyukhina and
• Anatolie Sidorenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 23–33, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.3

• materials [7][8], in which heat storage and accumulation occur due to phase transformations. The functioning of such storage media is based on energy fluctuations in the process of crystallization or melting of the media. In contrast to traditional media, thermal storage does not require sealing of the

• . The normal and spin temperatures were maintained at the initial value of 5 K. The coordinates of the atoms changed insignificantly, which is associated with small thermal fluctuations and their linear velocities. As for the spin rearrangement, at the initial times, corresponding to the interval of 0–5

Two-step single-reactor synthesis of oleic acid- or undecylenic acid-stabilized magnetic nanoparticles by thermal decomposition

• Mykhailo Nahorniak,
• Pamela Pasetto,
• Jean-Marc Greneche,
• Volodymyr Samaryk,
• Sandy Auguste,
• Anthony Rousseau,
• Nataliya Nosova and
• Serhii Varvarenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 11–22, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.2

• . Keywords: Fe(III) acetylacetonate; iron oxide nanoparticles; maghemite; magnetic nanoparticles; magnetite; thermal decomposition synthesis; Introduction Magnetic nanoparticles are increasingly being used in various fields thanks to the recent progress in their controlled synthesis and knowledge of their

• makes them ideal candidates for magnetic-assisted targeted drug delivery [12]. Nanoscale magnetite can be obtained through well-known synthesis routes, such as hydrothermal synthesis, thermal decomposition, or co-precipitation [10][11]. Each of these synthetic approaches has certain advantages and

• disadvantages. One of the essential issues in many biomedical applications is the synthesis of magnetic nanoparticles with uniform size, chemical composition, and superparamagnetic properties. These requirements can be met by applying thermal decomposition, which is based on the decay of organic iron salts with

Atmospheric water harvesting using functionalized carbon nanocones

• Fernanda R. Leivas and
• Marcia C. Barbosa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1–10, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.1

• illustrating the two types of thermal control used in the simulation. The red area represents region 1 with a temperature dynamically changing between 800 and 300 K while the blue area is region 2 with a fixed temperature of 300 K. Carbon nanocone with 26 Å length, 8.2 Å tip diameter, and 17 Å of base diameter

Electrical and optical enhancement of ITO/Mo bilayer thin films via laser annealing

• Abdelbaki Hacini,
• Ahmad Hadi Ali,
• Nurul Nadia Adnan and
• Nafarizal Nayan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1589–1595, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.133

• adherence to the substrate, very high thermal stability (up to 600 °C), and high electrical conductivity [14]. Over the last decades, the development of solar cells has grown dramatically. The cells have become larger, thinner, and lighter. This increases the electrical resistivity, which is undesirable

Induced electric conductivity in organic polymers

• Konstantin Y. Arutyunov,
• Anatoli S. Gurski,
• Vladimir V. Artemov,
• Alexander L. Vasiliev,
• Azat R. Yusupov,
• Danfis D. Karamov and
• Alexei N. Lachinov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1551–1557, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.128

• ]. The effect is interpreted as stimulation of metallic state [2]. Poly(diphenylene phthalide) (PDP) was chosen as the object of study being a representative electro-active polymer demonstrating induced electric conductivity. PDP is a carbocyclic polymer with high chemical and thermal stability

• methods [8][9]. Quantum chemical studies of PDP [10] have shown that its molecular structure is unstable with regard to interaction with an excess (thermal) electron and can result in a transition to a metastable state. However, in that state, e.g. induced by external electric field, the system is

• of thin-film lead electrodes with thicknesses from 50 nm to 200 nm was carried out by thermal evaporation in vacuum. The critical temperature of bulk lead is Тс(Pb3D) = 7.2 K. However, in the form of a thin film, the critical temperature of a superconductor can differ significantly from the tabulated

Photoelectrochemical water oxidation over TiO₂ nanotubes modified with MoS₂ and g-C₃N₄

• Phuong Hoang Nguyen,
• Thi Minh Cao,
• Tho Truong Nguyen,
• Hien Duy Tong and
• Viet Van Pham

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1541–1550, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.127

• chemical, thermal, and charge transport properties, which can shift the light absorption of TiO2 to the visible region [29][30][31][32]. An emerging new material in optoelectronics is g-C3N4 (bandgap of 2.65–2.7 eV) because it has an appropriate band structure with suitable energy levels regarding TiO2

A TiO₂@MWCNTs nanocomposite photoanode for solar-driven water splitting

• Anh Quynh Huu Le,
• Ngoc Nhu Thi Nguyen,
• Hai Duy Tran,
• Van-Huy Nguyen and
• Le-Hai Tran

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1520–1530, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.125

• reagent grade. Preparation of photocatalyst and photoelectrode TiO2 powders TiO2 powders were simply prepared from a violent hydrolysis reaction of TiCl4 vapor in humid air. Precipitated fine TiO2 particles were collected before thermal treatment at 350 °C for 60 min. TiO2@MWCNTs nanocomposite First, 1.0

In search of cytotoxic selectivity on cancer cells with biogenically synthesized Ag/AgCl nanoparticles

• Mitzi J. Ramírez-Hernández,
• Mario Valera-Zaragoza,
• Omar Viñas-Bravo,
• Ariana A. Huerta-Heredia,
• Miguel A. Peña-Rico,
• Erick A. Juarez-Arellano,
• David Paniagua-Vega,
• Eduardo Ramírez-Vargas and
• Saúl Sánchez-Valdes

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1505–1519, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.124

• sizes. In the micrographs in Figure 6, it can be seen that the nanoparticles are embedded in a disordered system, with very low electron density. This system could be made of organic molecules that act as capping materials for nanoparticles, as described in the literature [24][40]. Thermal behavior The

• Figure 7, it is remarkable that the reaction products have a higher thermal stability than that of the pineapple peel extract. This behavior can be attributed to two complementary situations. The first is a change in the chemical structure of the organic compounds used in the formation and capping of Ag

• /AgCl nanoparticles as observed by FTIR spectroscopy (Figure 5). The reducing species are oxidized and as a consequence have greater thermal stability. Hence, the higher temperature-shifted TGA curves show the thermal behavior of the modified metabolites during chemical reaction. The results are also

Hydroxyapatite–bioglass nanocomposites: Structural, mechanical, and biological aspects

• Olga Shikimaka,
• Mihaela Bivol,
• Bogdan A. Sava,
• Marius Dumitru,
• Christu Tardei,
• Beatrice G. Sbarcea,
• Daria Grabco,
• Constantin Pyrtsac,
• Daria Topal,
• Andrian Prisacaru,
• Vitalie Cobzac and
• Viorel Nacu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1490–1504, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.123

• HA inhibits the thermal decomposition of HA and significantly enhances bending strength and fracture toughness [30]. It was shown as well that B2O3 in the phosphate glass composition increases its hardness and fracture toughness [31]. The doping of bioglasses with Zn and Ce has two effects. On the

• glass preparation comprised the following steps: (i) Preparation of raw materials, that is, the reagents were introduced in H3PO4 solution under continuous stirring. (ii) Drying of the mixture on an electrical heating plate at 130–140 °C. (iii) Thermal treatment of mixture, that is, the dried mixture

• (Figure 3 f), due to the non-uniform thermal expansion during the sintering at higher temperature. Vickers microhardness and deformation peculiarities Figure 5 shows the microhardness (H) as function of the load (P) applied to the Vickers indenter for HAP- and HAG-based composites. The obtained results

Structural studies and selected physical investigations of LiCoO₂ obtained by combustion synthesis

• Monika Michalska,
• Paweł Ławniczak,
• Tomasz Strachowski,
• Adam Ostrowski and
• Waldemar Bednarski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1473–1482, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.121

• [42], thermal decomposition [43], or microwave synthesis [44][45][46][47] have been used. Wet chemical synthesis allows for molecular-level mixing of the starting components, resulting in a very homogeneous product comprising fine particles and a large surface area. The stoichiometry of the product

• analysis, (ii) morphology (size and distribution of grains) by using SEM, (iii) specific surface area (SSA) by carrying out Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) measurements, (iv) oxidation states of metals by measuring electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), and (v) electrical parameters (thermal dependencies of

• increasing temperature as the size of the crystallites increases. Electrical studies showed that conductivity strongly depends on the synthesis temperature. The samples obtained at the highest temperature had lower (more than one magnitude) conductivity. Strong thermal hysteresis is observed in all samples

Facile preparation of Au- and BODIPY-grafted lipid nanoparticles for synergized photothermal therapy

• Yuran Wang,
• Xudong Li,
• Haijun Chen and
• Yu Gao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1432–1444, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.118

• changes of water, BDP, Au-LNPs, and AB-LNPs with a BDP concentration of 100 μM and a Au concentration of 100 μM with laser irradiation (680 nm, 0.5 W/cm2) were also recorded for 10 min. The temperature of the samples for photothermal conversion measurements was recorded by an infrared thermal camera

• ) were consistent in each cycle, indicating the excellent photothermal stability of AB-LNPs. Thermal images of water, BDP, Au-LNPs, and AB-LNPs under laser irradiation (680 nm, 0.5 W/cm2) were shown in Figure 2e, which also demonstrated the best photothermal effects of AB-LNPs. The results proved that

• platform to deliver both AuNPs and BODIPY dye for synergized PTT. To our knowledge, this is the first report about using LNPs as carriers for the co-delivery of gold nanoclusters and BODIPY, the first investigation of the synergistic thermal effects of gold nanoclusters and BODIPY, and the first

Recent trends in Bi-based nanomaterials: challenges, fabrication, enhancement techniques, and environmental applications

• Vishal Dutta,
• Ankush Chauhan,
• Ritesh Verma,
• C. Gopalkrishnan and
• Van-Huy Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1316–1336, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.109

• also reported. The Fenelon group successfully fabricated SnO2 and Bi2S3–Bi25 composites via a facile hydrothermal technique followed by thermal breakdown [27]. The photocatalytic performance of the fabricated ternary composite photocatalyst was 2.75 times higher than that of pristine Bi2S3 for the

Enhanced electronic transport properties of Te roll-like nanostructures

• E. R. Viana,
• N. Cifuentes and
• J. C. González

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1284–1291, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.106

• cm2/Vs at 5 K. The thermal ionization of shallow acceptors, with small ionization energy between 2 and 4 meV, leads to free-hole conduction at high temperatures. The free-hole mobility follows a negative power-law temperature behavior, with an exponent between −1.28 and −1.42, indicating strong phonon

Studies of probe tip materials by atomic force microscopy: a review

• Ke Xu and
• Yuzhe Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1256–1267, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.104

• the thermal noise method when prepared in the chamber, after which FC is obtained on the substrate to measure the deflection sensitivity, and the position of the loading point is measured by optical microscopy when the sphere is attached. The process of calibrating the kTL into the manifold is shown

Role of titanium and organic precursors in molecular layer deposition of “titanicone” hybrid materials

• Arbresha Muriqi and
• Michael Nolan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1240–1255, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.103

• thermal stability for GL-based titanicones as well [30]. Ti(DMA)4 is another Ti-based inorganic precursor that was investigated as an alternative to TiCl4 as the titanium precursor. Ti(DMA)4 was combined with EG and GL to deposit titanicone films in a temperature range from 80 °C to 160 °C on an Si

• substrate with 100 nm thermal oxide. In situ ellipsometry revealed for EG-based titanicones that the growth initiates but terminates after only 5 to 10 cycles, while for GL-based titanicones the growth proceeds and films have a GPC of 0.9 Å/cycle to 0.2 Å/cycle as the temperature increases. This is due to

• widely used in ALD for the deposition of TiO2 and TiN films by thermal and plasma-enhanced processes [35][36]. As described above, TiCl4 and Ti(DMA)4 were successfully employed in MLD of titanicone films [30][33]. While TiCl4 is a small halide molecule that has Ti–Cl bonds, Ti(DMA)4 is a bulkier molecule