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Search for "thermal" in Full Text gives 1215 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology. Showing first 200.
Efficiency of electron cooling in cold-electron bolometers with traps
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 896–901, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.80
- just a refrigerator. One of the possible solutions of the problem is the on-chip electron cooling, which creates a drain of thermal energy from small detecting elements with the help of tunneling electrons. Cold-electron bolometers (CEBs) [1][2][3] have high potential to improve the electron cooling
Solar-light-driven LaFexNi1−xO3 perovskite oxides for photocatalytic Fenton-like reaction to degrade organic pollutants
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 882–895, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.79
- , methylene blue, and rhodamine B under visible light irradiation. Their optimal sample was LaFe0.85Cu0.15O3, which could remove dyes much more efficiently due to more generation of hydroxyl radicals than pure LaFeO3 [31]. Ni-doped LaFeO3 was ubiquitously employed as a photo/thermal catalyst or a catalyst
DNA aptamer selection and construction of an aptasensor based on graphene FETs for Zika virus NS1 protein detection
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 873–881, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.78
- -fidelity PCR buffer. PCR thermocycling was performed as described above. Conventional and asymmetric PCR reactions were carried out in a Veriti thermal cycler (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA). PCR amplification was verified by electrophoresis on 2% agarose gels (in tris–borate–EDTA buffer) stained
Self-assembly of C60 on a ZnTPP/Fe(001)–p(1 × 1)O substrate: observation of a quasi-freestanding C60 monolayer
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 857–864, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.76
- measurements and for modeling by ab initio calculations. Periodic and compact films are generally obtained when the molecules possess enough surface mobility, that is, when the diffusion energy (Ed) is low compared to the thermal energy kBT, where T is the substrate temperature and kB is the Boltzmann constant
Temperature and chemical effects on the interfacial energy between a Ga–In–Sn eutectic liquid alloy and nanoscopic asperities
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 817–827, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.72
- force–distance curve with each cantilever on a quartz glass sample (manufactured by Goodfellow, United Kingdom) and extracting its slope in the range of repulsive forces. Subsequently, we determined the bending stiffness Cn of each cantilever by analyzing its thermal noise vibration [18]. After
- + Adγ* or which allows for a correlation of the thermal sensitivity of the surface or interfacial tension with the surface or interfacial entropy According to [27][28], the temperature sensitivity of the surface energy of simple metallic melts depends on the change of the cohesion energy with
- temperature and, thus, scales with their molar area and thermal expansion coefficient. The surface tension of the eutectic Ga–In–Sn liquid at the melting point has been reported to = 587 mN/m. Since the surface tension originates from the imbalanced bonding of atoms at the liquid–vapor interface [29], it
Optimizing PMMA solutions to suppress contamination in the transfer of CVD graphene for batch production
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 796–806, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.70
- depolymerize due to strong van der Waals and London attractive forces among the long polymer chains [13]. It must also be considered that thermal treatments can often be counterproductive as they intensify polymerization, harden the PMMA residues, and complicate the removal. Therefore, the way toward clean
- a low-pressure CVD system (CVD First Nano, EasyTube 3000). A 25 µm thick annealed Cu foil (Alfa Aesar, purity 99.8%), serving as a metal catalyst, was placed in a graphite enclosed cavity during the whole process. The temperature for annealing and growth was kept stable at 1040 °C by PID thermal
- transfer process. Following this method, the Cu substrate with graphene was first oxidized in ambient air on a hot plate at 200 °C for 2 min. The graphene film on the Cu substrate serves as a protection layer, preventing the underlying Cu surface from oxidation because of its high chemical/thermal
Gelatin nanoparticles with tunable mechanical properties: effect of crosslinking time and loading
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 778–787, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.68
- actual sensitivity and the spring constant of the used cantilever were calibrated on a cleaned silica wafer by the thermal noise method by Hutter et al. [27] using a correction factor of 0.251. The data was acquired using the quantitative imaging mode (QI™) with image sizes of 5 × 5 µm and a resolution
Recent advances in nanoarchitectures of monocrystalline coordination polymers through confined assembly
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 763–777, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.67
- ]. The networks themselves can also change the properties of the single crystals [42][43][44][45][46]. For example, commonly known fragile and rigid single crystals become soft by integrating polymer networks [45]. The thermal stability of some single crystals may also be improved by incorporating
- . Figure 7a was reproduced from [138], C. Avci et al., “Metal-Organic Framework Photonic Balls: Single Object Analysis for Local Thermal Probing”, Advanced Materials, with permission from John Wiley and Sons. Copyright © 2021 WILEY‐VCH GmbH. This content is not subject to CC BY 4.0. b) Photos of aligned
A nonenzymatic reduced graphene oxide-based nanosensor for parathion
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 730–744, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.65
- , enhanced electron transport facility, excellent mechanical, thermal, and electrical stability [11][25][26][27]. The electronic structure and surface physicochemistry of graphene are beneficial for electron transfer. Several graphene-based nanocomposites based on complex synthesis processes are reported as
- excellent sensing matrices for detecting various analytes [11][21][22][23][28]. The "green synthesis" of graphene via electrochemical reduction is the most economical strategy for the mass production of graphene compared to chemical or thermal reduction of GO [27][29]. Since no hazardous chemicals (e.g
- showed thermal and mechanical stability, ERGO/GCE could be a suitable electrode material for rapid screening of PT in actual samples. To determine the storage stability, the electrocatalytic response of 10 μM PT was monitored in seven-day intervals for the first two months, and it retained about 96.17
Direct measurement of surface photovoltage by AC bias Kelvin probe force microscopy
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 712–720, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.63
- photocatalytic semiconductors. The local SPV is generally measured consecutively by Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) in darkness and under illumination, in which thermal drift degrades spatial and energy resolutions. In this study, we propose the method of AC bias Kelvin probe force microscopy (AC-KPFM
- ), which controls the AC bias to nullify the modulated signal. We succeeded in directly measuring the local SPV by AC-KPFM with higher resolution, thanks to the exclusion of the thermal drift. We found that AC-KPFM can achieve a SPV response faster by about one to eight orders of magnitude than classical
- microscopy (AFM) [22]. KPFM measures the contact potential difference (CPD), which corresponds to the difference in work function between the tip and the sample, consecutively in darkness and under illumination, to determine the SPV values: SPV = CPDlight − CPDdark. In this method, the thermal drift between
Nanoarchitectonics of the cathode to improve the reversibility of Li–O2 batteries
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 689–698, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.61
- –C/CNT, Zn1Co1–C/CNT, and Zn4Co1–C/CNT composites were measured by EDS elemental mapping (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S2). Moreover, it should be noted that all the ZnxCoy–C particles exhibited a high concentration of N, mainly induced by thermal decomposition of 2-methylimidazole during
- the carbonization process. After the carbonization and chemical etching processes, the sizes of the ZnxCoy particles were slightly decreased due to the thermal evaporation of organic linkers and metal ions, maintaining free spaces in the particles. According to the X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of
- ), indicating that Zn was easily evaporated during the carbonization process. From the C 1s and N 1s spectra (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S4), we found that N species could be spontaneously doped by the thermal decomposition of 2-methylimidazolate during carbonization. In practice, Zn1Co4/CNT
Tunable high-quality-factor absorption in a graphene monolayer based on quasi-bound states in the continuum
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 675–681, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.59
- , which can also be utilized as a thermal emitter. Besides, the spectral position of the absorption peak can not only be adjusted by changing the geometrical parameters of dielectric grating, but it is also tunable by a small change in the Fermi level of the graphene sheet. This novel scheme to tune the
- stealth, infrared detectors, thermophotovoltaic cells, and thermal emitters. According to their spectral bandwidths, the absorbers can be classified as broad-band absorbers and narrow-band absorbers [1][2][3][4]. In general, broad-band absorbers [5][6][7][8] are used for electromagnetic cloaking and solar
- discussed so as to find its potential applications as thermal emitter with high directivity. Finally, the properties of the active absorber, including tunability with different geometric parameters and different Fermi levels are investigated. Results Figure 1 gives a schematic view of the proposed absorber
A superconducting adiabatic neuron in a quantum regime
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 653–665, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.57
- allowed values for the total energy of the system. The characteristic gaps in the spectrum of the effective Hamiltonian are significantly larger than the thermal smearing in the studied case. Also, the level broadening due to the influence of the environment is relatively small. The described features
Comparative molecular dynamics simulations of thermal conductivities of aqueous and hydrocarbon nanofluids
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 620–628, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.54
- used as a means of enhancing the thermal conductive properties of base fluids. This method formulates a heterogeneous fluid conferred by nanoparticles and can be used for high-end fluid heat-transfer applications, such as phase-change materials and fluids for internal combustion engines. These
- experimental data. Highly concurrent trends were achieved for the obtained results. According to the obtained results of MDS, adding CuO nanoparticles increased the thermal conductivity of water by 25% (from 0.6 to 0.75 W·m−1·K−1). However, by adding these nanoparticles to hydrocarbon-based fluids (i.e
- ., alkane) the thermal conductivity was increased three times (from 0.1 to 0.4 W·m−1·K−1). This approach to determine the thermal conductivity of metal oxide nanoparticles in aqueous and nonaqueous fluids using visual molecular dynamics and interactive autocorrelations demonstrate a great tool to quantify
Sodium doping in brookite TiO2 enhances its photocatalytic activity
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 599–609, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.52
- a small amount of Na2(CO3) (PDF#86-0313), which suggests the existence of sodium in the samples. At 600 °C, the sodium in the samples shows thermal instability and can react with CO2 in the air and precipitate to form Na2(CO3). At 700 °C, brookite was directly transformed into Na2Ti6O13 (N) because
- , suggesting that the partial Na substitution of Ti atoms is beneficial to stabilizing the brookite structure. Above 600 °C, the Na occupancy in the brookite increased to ≈0.2, causing thermal instability of the brookite structure (i.e., precipitating Na2CO3 or transforming into Na2Ti6O13). Some reports [9][28
Approaching microwave photon sensitivity with Al Josephson junctions
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 582–589, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.50
- of three and more photons, with a dark count time above 0.01 s. Keywords: Josephson junction; microwave photons; single photon counter; thermal activation; Introduction The development of a single photon counter (SPC) for microwave frequencies of tens of gigahertz has been required for several
- counter can be made on their basis. We use the metastable quasi-equilibrium state of a Josephson junction, which, at low temperatures, is stable enough for thermal fluctuations and quantum tunneling, but can be easily destroyed by absorption of a single photon. We demonstrate few-photon sensitivity of our
- numerically solve the Langevin equation with noise source [39][40] in the frame of the RCSJ model, which has been proven for classical JJs in the thermal regime [29]. Its applicability is also confirmed for our case by a good overlap with the experimental data. It is seen from Figure 4 that the experimental
Revealing local structural properties of an atomically thin MoSe2 surface using optical microscopy
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 572–581, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.49
- CuPc as a Raman probe, because CuPc exhibits a large Raman scattering cross section and an extremely weak photoluminescence signal. A thin film of 5 nm of CuPc was deposited on the triangular MoSe2 flakes through thermal vapor deposition. Figure 1a shows a bright-field optical image of CuPc/MoSe2. From
- characterization of CuPc molecules on MoSe2 flakes The MoSe2 flakes were received from SixCarbon Technology (Shenzhen), synthesized on a SiO2/Si substrate using chemical vapor deposition. An ultra-thin film of CuPc with a thickness of 5 nm is deposited on the MoSe2 samples by vacuum thermal deposition. At a
Effects of substrate stiffness on the viscoelasticity and migration of prostate cancer cells examined by atomic force microscopy
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 560–569, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.47
- Germany) for 2 h to prevent damage to the cells. Before the experiment, the thermal noise method was used to adjust the cantilever spring constant, and then the experiment was carried out in contact mode. The AFM probe (MLCT probe, Bruker, USA) slightly contacted the cell surface and a constant force was
Stimuli-responsive polypeptide nanogels for trypsin inhibition
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 538–548, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.45
- [27]. The same trend was observed for the measurement of the pH-stimuli responsive behavior of DH of the PHEG-Tyr nanogel at 37 °C (Figure 2a). Interestingly, DLS measurements revealed a thermal transition of PHEG-Tyr nanogel with significantly smaller DH, that is, 30–40 nm at 37 °C. This observation
- AAT were prepared by HRP/H2O2-mediated crosslinking in inverse miniemulsion. Both negatively charged polypeptide nanogels demonstrated pH stimuli-responsive behavior and thermal transitions, verified by changed hydrodynamic diameters. Loading and release were first optimized with BSA, after which
Influence of thickness and morphology of MoS2 on the performance of counter electrodes in dye-sensitized solar cells
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 528–537, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.44
- investigated using various techniques such as chemical bath deposition [1], sputtering [2], hydrothermal synthesis [10][11][12][13], wet chemistry [14], thermal reduction [15], and electrodeposition (ED) [20]. Among these methods, ED shows many advances thank to its simplicity and rapidity. Additionally, it
- catalytic activity. Li et al. reported the synthesis of MoS2/graphene composite films on FTO, which were directly used as CE for DSSCs without further thermal treatment. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the DSSCs was 8.01%, which was comparable to that of a Pt CE (8.21%) [21]. Quy et al. prepared
Zinc oxide nanostructures for fluorescence and Raman signal enhancement: a review
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 472–490, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.40
- morphology for SERS measurements can be fabricated using various methods, including sol–gel synthesis [38], thermal deposition [31][32], chemical vapour deposition [42], or electrodeposition [35], which resulted in 1.2 μm high, vertically aligned nanorods of 60 nm diameter. It was observed that thermal
- well as the energy of the incident light [36]. Moreover, the substrates could be used after several recycling cycles and presented similar EFs as the fresh ones. Other methods for recycling the ZnO-based nanosubstrates include thermal treatment and magnetic separation. These benefits indicate that the
Investigation of electron-induced cross-linking of self-assembled monolayers by scanning tunneling microscopy
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 462–471, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.39
- by the rastering electron beam of an SEM, where the kinetic energy of the electrons was set to 1 keV. The SEM used is a modified type of a UHV Zeiss Standard Gemini with a Schottky-type thermal field emission source (ZrO/W). The pressure in the SEM column was ≈10−8 mbar. Prior to each experiment, the
Tubular glassy carbon microneedles with fullerene-like tips for biomedical applications
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 455–461, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.38
- allotrope of carbon, which combines glassy and ceramic properties with those associated with graphite and has been of scientific and technological interest for over fifty years. Glassy carbon has good electrical and thermal conductivities, excellent chemical stability, and good biocompatibility, which has
- most important role in determining the nature of the resulting glassy carbon” [9]. Sharma has also coined the term “polymer-derived carbons” for glassy carbon made by the thermal decomposition of polymers, which accounts for virtually all the glassy carbons found in the literature to date. In this
The role of sulfonate groups and hydrogen bonding in the proton conductivity of two coordination networks
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 437–443, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.36
- Information File 1, Figure S2). Figure 2 shows the Nyquist plots of the impedance spectra (i.e., imaginary vs real part of the impedance Z) for both materials at 22 °C and 90% r.h., before and after thermal activation. The term “thermal activation” here stands for exposure to 80 °C at ambient pressure for 24
- second one is irreversibly erased by thermal activation; the additional semicircle is no longer observed and, hence, the standard equivalent circuit model can be applied once the sample has been activated. This is further illustrated in Figure 4, which shows the Bode plots (i.e., impedance Z and phase
- angle Φ vs frequency f) of the measurements from Figure 2. For the non-activated Mg-CP sample, the phase angle shows two distinct features, namely a maximum at ca. 102 Hz and a shoulder at ca. 105 Hz, corresponding to two distinguishable conduction modes. After thermal activation, only a single broad
A non-enzymatic electrochemical hydrogen peroxide sensor based on copper oxide nanostructures
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 424–436, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.35
- , such as thermal oxidation of copper electrodes in an oxygen atmosphere [72][73], hydrothermal chemical oxidation of copper surfaces [56], and hydrothermal synthesis using various precursors containing copper ions [74][75]. Copper oxide nanostructures can also be obtained as a powder and then applied to
- ., Co2O3, TiO2, NiO, and Fe2O3). SEM images of copper oxide samples. (a, b) General view and morphology of a CuO film obtained by thermal oxidation on a copper wire; (c, d) general view of a copper wire with CuO layer obtained by chemical hydrothermal oxidation; (e) 3D flower-like nanostructured formations
- on the surface of the main CuO layer (f). XRD pattern of CuO films. The red diffractogram corresponds to the sample obtained by thermal oxidation and the black diffractogram corresponds to the sample obtained by chemical hydrothermal oxidation. (a) CV results for a nanostructured CuO film in 0.1 M
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