Impact of the anodization time on the photocatalytic activity of TiO₂ nanotubes

• Jesús A. Díaz-Real,
• Geyla C. Dubed-Bandomo,
• Juan Galindo-de-la-Rosa,
• Luis G. Arriaga,
• Janet Ledesma-García and
• Nicolas Alonso-Vante

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2628–2643, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.244

• shifts. Two small peaks centered at 501 and 660 cm−1 were obtained after an instrumental artifact was canceled out by measuring a TiO2 control sample (Figure S2, Supporting Information File 1). The vibration at 660 cm−1 has been observed in titanate nanotubes and was attributed to Ti–O anatase vibrations

Effective sensor properties and sensitivity considerations of a dynamic co-resonantly coupled cantilever sensor

• Julia Körner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2546–2560, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.237

• angular natural frequency (eigenfrequency) ω0 and the angular frequency of damped vibration (resonance frequency) ωd. The former remains unchanged in case of damping as it only depends on the properties spring constant k and effective mass meff of the system itself, i.e., = k/meff. The resonance

Cytotoxicity of doxorubicin-conjugated poly[N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide]-modified γ-Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles towards human tumor cells

• Zdeněk Plichta,
• Yulia Kozak,
• Rostyslav Panchuk,
• Viktoria Sokolova,
• Matthias Epple,
• Lesya Kobylinska,
• Pavla Jendelová and
• Daniel Horák

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2533–2545, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.236

• and amide groups of MMAA, respectively. Peaks at 3083, 1649, and 889 cm−1 belonged to the CH2=, C=C stretching, and CH2= wagging vibrations of methacrylate, respectively. A strong asymmetric stretching vibration of C–O–C appeared at 1206 cm−1, while bending vibrations at 1454 and 1367 cm−1 were

Surface energy of nanoparticles – influence of particle size and structure

• Dieter Vollath,
• Franz Dieter Fischer and
• David Holec

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2265–2276, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.211

• Fermi–Dirac statistics (e.g., melting, ferromagnetism, diffusion, etc.) and s = 1 for properties related to quasi-particles following the Bose–Einstein statistics (e.g., superconductivity or vibration) [30][31][32]. Karasevskii [33] started with a different approach based on size dependent quantization

The role of adatoms in chloride-activated colloidal silver nanoparticles for surface-enhanced Raman scattering enhancement

• Nicolae Leopold,
• Andrei Stefancu,
• Krisztian Herman,
• István Sz. Tódor,
• Stefania D. Iancu,
• Vlad Moisoiu and
• Loredana F. Leopold

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2236–2247, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.208

• vibration, indicating that a small proportion of Cl− ions are chemisorbed onto the silver surface. These chemisorbed Cl− ions form the SERS-active sites on the as-synthesized colloidal AgNPs which facilitate the recording of intense SERS spectra of cationic dye analytes (Figure 4). In contrast, the blank

• the Ag–Cl vibration band at 242 cm−1 is observed due to the additional chemisorption of Cl− ions onto the silver surface mediated by the Ag+, Mg2+ or Ca2+ (Figure 5A). Ag+ 10−4 M ions induce only a slight increase of the number of SERS-active sites, as can be deduced from the slight intensity increase

Nonlinear effect of carrier drift on the performance of an n-type ZnO nanowire nanogenerator by coupling piezoelectric effect and semiconduction

• Yuxing Liang,
• Shuaiqi Fan,
• Xuedong Chen and
• Yuantai Hu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1917–1925, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.183

• vibration is directly proportional to the amplitude of the boundary electric charge Qe. Thus, for convenience we define the quantity W, which is directly proportional to the output power of the ZNW generator. stands for the electric potential difference between the two electrodes and θ0 = γ + 3π/2. Figure

Quantitative comparison of wideband low-latency phase-locked loop circuit designs for high-speed frequency modulation atomic force microscopy

• Kazuki Miyata and
• Takeshi Fukuma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1844–1855, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.176

• cantilever thermal vibrations nth. These values were calculated using the following equation [1][33]: where kB, T, k, and A denote Boltzmann's constant, the absolute temperature, the cantilever spring constant, and the cantilever vibration amplitude, respectively. Qd* represents the apparent Q-factor in the

• vibration and that the noise generated inside the PLLs is negligible. The cut-off frequencies of the measured spectra correspond to the bandwidths listed in Table 1 and Table 2, as expected from the basic PLL principle. Overall, these results confirm that the developed PLLs can provide the optimal noise

Uniform cobalt nanoparticles embedded in hexagonal mesoporous nanoplates as a magnetically separable, recyclable adsorbent

• Can Zhao,
• Yuexiao Song,
• Tianyu Xiang,
• Wenxiu Qu,
• Shuo Lou,
• Xiaohong Yin and
• Feng Xin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1770–1781, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.168

• characteristic adsorption bands at 1355 cm−1 and 790 cm−1 are assigned to the ν3 vibration and bending modes of CO32− within the interlayer of CoAl LDH, respectively (Figure S1a, Supporting Information File 1). The FTIR spectrum of LDH@PDA-2.5 shows two additional adsorption peaks at 1506 cm−1 and 1616 cm−1

• excellent of magnetic separation ability. The properties of carbon generated by carbonization of the surface PDA layer are illustrated in the Raman spectrum. As shown in Figure 6A, the typical D and G bands at around 1355 cm−1 and 1598 cm−1 are observed clearly, corresponding to the in-plane vibration mode

Multimodal noncontact atomic force microscopy and Kelvin probe force microscopy investigations of organolead tribromide perovskite single crystals

• Yann Almadori,
• David Moerman,
• Jaume Llacer Martinez,
• Philippe Leclère and
• Benjamin Grévin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1695–1704, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.161

• ) at room temperature (RT) with in situ annealed Pt/Ir-coated silicon cantilevers (EFM, Nanosensors, resonance frequency in the 45–115 kHz range). Topographical imaging was performed in frequency modulation mode (FM-AFM) with negative frequency shifts of a few Hz and vibration amplitudes of a few tens

Toward the use of CVD-grown MoS₂ nanosheets as field-emission source

• Geetanjali Deokar,
• Nitul S. Rajput,
• Junjie Li,
• Francis Leonard Deepak,
• Wei Ou-Yang,
• Nicolas Reckinger,
• Carla Bittencourt,
• Jean-Francois Colomer and
• Mustapha Jouiad

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1686–1694, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.160

• spectrum of the as-synthesized MoS2 NSs, is shown in Figure 2a, indicating the characteristics of the 2H-MoS2 in-plane vibrational mode (E12g) at 383.1 cm−1 and the out-of-plane vibrational mode (A1g) at 408.3 cm−1 [22]. The difference in frequency between the two vibration modes is 25.2 cm−1, which

Nanocomposites comprised of homogeneously dispersed magnetic iron-oxide nanoparticles and poly(methyl methacrylate)

• Sašo Gyergyek,
• David Pahovnik,
• Ema Žagar,
• Alenka Mertelj,
• Rok Kostanjšek,
• Miloš Beković,
• Marko Jagodič,
• Heinrich Hofmann and
• Darko Makovec

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1613–1622, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.153

• used with the nanoparticles. It is worth mentioning that a part of the hydroxyl groups in the original RA of technical grade (80% purity) was already esterified, as indicated by a small intensity peak at 4.88 ppm and a shoulder on the left-hand side of the vibration band of the carbonyl group in its 1H

• of the left-hand side of the vibration band of the carbonyl group confirm the formation of the methacrylic ester of RA (Supporting Information File 1, Figures S3, S4 and S5). The disappearance of the peak representing the MMA double bond in the 1H NMR spectrum of the RA-PMMA reveals the successful

• the carbon–oxygen stretching vibration and the difference between the asymmetric and symmetric stretching-vibration frequencies relative to the free carboxylate ion are indicative of a mononuclear bidentate complex. The absorption peak at 1736 cm−1, indicative of ester groups, is significantly

Closed polymer containers based on phenylboronic esters of resorcinarenes

• Tatiana Yu. Sergeeva,
• Rezeda K. Mukhitova,
• Irek R. Nizameev,
• Marsil K. Kadirov,
• Polina D. Klypina,
• Albina Y. Ziganshina and
• Alexander I. Konovalov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1594–1601, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.151

• attributed to the vibration of B–O ester bond at 1365 cm−1 confirms the boronate bonding between BA and SRA (see Supporting Information File 1, Figure S3). Besides, the stretching vibrations of C–H bonds at 3000–2800 cm−1 and the C–C aromatic bonds at 1525–1475 cm−1 as well as the deformational vibrations of

Electronic conduction during the formation stages of a single-molecule junction

• Atindra Nath Pal,
• Tal Klein,
• Ayelet Vilan and
• Oren Tal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1471–1477, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.138

• scenarios in which a single-molecule junction is formed. Future control over such processes may pave the way for directed formation of preferred junction structures. Keywords: break junction; electron–vibration interactions; electronic transport; inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy; molecular

• junction; molecular vibration; quantum interference; shot noise; Introduction Single-molecule junctions serve as a versatile atomic-scale laboratory for quantum electronic transport [1][2]. The formation of such molecular junctions, where a molecule is suspended as a bridge between two metallic electrodes

• spectroscopy [11][12][13][14] can offer valuable information about the structure of the combined metallic and molecular junctions. When an applied voltage (V) across a molecular junction exceeds the energy (in eV) of a certain molecular vibration mode, some of the transmitted electrons lose energy to excite

Electrostatically actuated encased cantilevers

• Benoit X. E. Desbiolles,
• Gabriela Furlan,
• Adam M. Schwartzberg,
• Paul D. Ashby and
• Dominik Ziegler

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1381–1389, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.130

• resonances of the chip, chip holder, or dither piezo [1] along with modes of fluid vibration when working in liquids [2]. The problem is accentuated at high frequencies when operating in high-viscosity liquids. A user can easily select the wrong peak resulting in increased tip–sample interaction forces or

Induced smectic phase in binary mixtures of twist-bend nematogens

• Anamarija Knežević,
• Irena Dokli,
• Marin Sapunar,
• Suzana Šegota,
• Ute Baumeister and
• Andreja Lesac

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1297–1307, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.122

• be involved in interaction with BB in the mixture, we focused our attention on the IR band related to the stretching of the C≡N bond. Comparison of the spectra of pure compounds and 73 mol % BB mixture at room temperature reveals that shift of C≡N stretching vibration is negligible (Figure 7). The

Computational exploration of two-dimensional silicon diarsenide and germanium arsenide for photovoltaic applications

• Sri Kasi Matta,
• Chunmei Zhang,
• Yalong Jiao,
• Anthony O'Mullane and
• Aijun Du

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1247–1253, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.116

• the same IV–V group combination, we focus our study on two-dimensional SiAs2 and GeAs2 and compare them with their bulk counter parts with regard to electronic band structure, phonon-vibration frequencies, optical properties, band gap modulation behavior and predict their potential applications

Automated image segmentation-assisted flattening of atomic force microscopy images

• Yuliang Wang,
• Tongda Lu,
• Xiaolai Li and
• Huimin Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 975–985, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.91

• exhibited in AFM images. Additionally, some other factors, such as hysteresis (Figure 1c), creep (Figure 1d), and nonlinearity (Figure 1e) of x–y and z-scanners and vibration from the environment can also cause distortion and artifacts in AFM images [20][22][23][24]. AFM images generally display a tilting

Facile synthesis of a ZnO–BiOI p–n nano-heterojunction with excellent visible-light photocatalytic activity

• Mengyuan Zhang,
• Jiaqian Qin,
• Pengfei Yu,
• Bing Zhang,
• Mingzhen Ma,
• Xinyu Zhang and
• Riping Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 789–800, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.72

• : where h is Plank’s constant, ν is the frequency of vibration, α is the adsorption coefficient, Eg is the optical band gap and A is a proportionality constant [51][52]. The value of the constant n denotes the characteristics in the transition of a semiconductor. For the case that both ZnO and BiOI

Cyclodextrin-assisted synthesis of tailored mesoporous silica nanoparticles

• Fuat Topuz and
• Tamer Uyar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 693–703, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.64

• –H stretching of CTAC molecules, while the peak at 460 cm−1 is assigned to the asymmetric vibration of Si–O–Si. The Si–OH bond vibration can be seen at 802 cm−1. The presence of CD moieties is confirmed by the peaks at 1030, 1080 and 1155 cm−1 for the stretching vibration of C–C and C–O bonds and the

• asymmetric stretching of C–O–C [30]. But, these peaks are overlapped by a broad stretching vibration peak of Si–O–Si at 1100 cm−1. Comparable FTIR spectra were observed for the CD-functionalized silica particles, suggesting a physical adsorption of CDs at the particle surface [21]. Thermogravimetric analysis

Combined pulsed laser deposition and non-contact atomic force microscopy system for studies of insulator metal oxide thin films

• Daiki Katsube,
• Hayato Yamashita,
• Satoshi Abo and
• Masayuki Abe

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 686–692, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.63

• same as in our previous studies [29][37][41][44][45][46][47][48]. To perform stable atomic resolution imaging in this chamber, a mechanism to fix the unit by double spring vibration isolation and eddy current damping [49] is provided, to prevent vibration noise. Therefore, it is possible to obtain

• atomic resolution images with the same performance as in our previous study [48]. We are able to perform NC-AFM measurements without the influence of vibration noise caused by the linkage to the PLD chamber. An optical interferometer [50] was used for deflection detection of the probe used for the NC-AFM

Perovskite-structured CaTiO₃ coupled with g-C₃N₄ as a heterojunction photocatalyst for organic pollutant degradation

• Ashish Kumar,
• Christian Schuerings,
• Suneel Kumar,
• Ajay Kumar and
• Venkata Krishnan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 671–685, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.62

• –C units. The peaks at 1398 cm−1, 1540 cm−1 and 1636 cm−1 correspond to the stretching vibration of aromatic C–N bonds [16][34]. The broad peak from 3000–3600 cm−1 can be assigned to the terminal NH or NH2 groups of the aromatic rings and O–H stretching of surface hydroxyl groups [20]. The FTIR

• spectrum of CT nanoflakes shows three distinct peaks at 435 cm−1, 540 cm−1 and 1420 cm−1 corresponding to the stretching vibrations of Ti–O, bridging stretching modes of Ti–O–Ti and bending vibration of CO32− ions which is consistent with the literature [43]. The FTIR spectrum of the CTCN heterojunction

Ultralight super-hydrophobic carbon aerogels based on cellulose nanofibers/poly(vinyl alcohol)/graphene oxide (CNFs/PVA/GO) for highly effective oil–water separation

• Zhaoyang Xu,
• Huan Zhou,
• Sicong Tan,
• Xiangdong Jiang,
• Weibing Wu,
• Jiangtao Shi and
• Peng Chen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 508–519, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.49

• of hydroxy groups), 2893 cm−1 (C–H stretching), 1640 cm−1 (H–O–H bending of the absorbed water), 1431 cm−1 (–CH2 bending), 1369 cm−1 (O–H bending) and 1029 cm−1 (C–O–C stretching vibrations) [27]. In Figure 3b, pure PVA showed peaks at 3280 cm−1 (O–H stretching vibration of hydroxy group), 2914 cm−1

• (saturated CH2/CH3 groups, stretching vibration), 1714 cm−1 (C=O stretching), 1425 cm−1 (CH stretching) and 1083 cm−1 (C–O–C stretching vibrations) [28]. In Figure 3c, the characteristic peaks of GO, which are located at 1714 cm−1, 1586 cm−1 and 1031 cm−1, are due to C=O in carboxylic acid and carbonyl

• previous studies [19][29], which is in agreement with the SEM results. FTIR can only be used to detect signals from molecules with infrared activity. Therefore, Raman spectroscopy analysis was studied to detect the stretching vibration characteristic peak of homonuclear diatomic pairs. The Raman spectrum

Facile synthesis of ZnFe₂O₄ photocatalysts for decolourization of organic dyes under solar irradiation

• Arjun Behera,
• Debasmita Kandi,
• Sanjit Manohar Majhi,
• Satyabadi Martha and
• Kulamani Parida

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 436–446, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.42

• in the region of 1650–1550 cm−1 (red lines) represent the stretching vibration and deformation vibration of surface-adsorbed hydroxy groups. The peak centred at 2350 cm−1 is characteristic for anti-symmetrical stretching mode of dissolved carbon dioxide [32]. The stretching band in the region of 590

Sugarcane juice derived carbon dot–graphitic carbon nitride composites for bisphenol A degradation under sunlight irradiation

• Lan Ching Sim,
• Jing Lin Wong,
• Chen Hong Hak,
• Jun Yan Tai,
• Kah Hon Leong and
• Pichiah Saravanan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 353–363, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.35

• –H stretch, respectively. The presence of N–H stretching vibration modes is due to some uncondensed amine functional groups in the carbon nitride layer [51]. The band in the range of 1230–1650 cm−1 corresponded to the stretching of sp3 C–N and sp2 C=N in CN heterocycles that exists within the g-C3N4

• File 1), the CDs show the obvious absorption peaks at 2925 cm−1, 1608 cm−1 and 670 cm−1 which are correlated to the stretching vibrations of C–H, stretching vibrations of C=O, and bending vibration of =C–H, respectively. The three obvious absorption peaks at 2368 cm−1, 1409 cm−1 and 1095 cm−1 are

Synthesis and characterization of electrospun molybdenum dioxide–carbon nanofibers as sulfur matrix additives for rechargeable lithium–sulfur battery applications

• Ruiyuan Zhuang,
• Shanshan Yao,
• Maoxiang Jing,
• Xiangqian Shen,
• Jun Xiang,
• Tianbao Li,
• Kesong Xiao and
• Shibiao Qin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 262–270, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.28

• 500–850 cm−1 were attributed to Mo–O–Mo, indicating the occurrence of crystallization [28]. Both the Raman spectra and XRD results suggested that MoO2–CNFs were formed through a subsequent annealing process. The broad band at 3400 cm−1 was attributed to the O–H stretching vibration due to absorbed H2O