Design of V-shaped cantilevers for enhanced multifrequency AFM measurements

• Mehrnoosh Damircheli and
• Babak Eslami

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1525–1541, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.135

• no studies on the static and dynamic behavior of V-shaped cantilevers in multifrequency AFM due to their complex geometry. In this work, the static and dynamic properties of V-shaped cantilevers are studied while investigating their performance in multifrequency AFM (specifically bimodal AFM). By

• modeling the cantilevers based on Timoshenko beam theory, the geometrical dimensions such as length, base width, leg width and thickness are studied. By finding the static properties (mass, spring constants) and dynamic properties (resonance frequencies and quality factors) for different geometrical

• introduced other models to calculate spring constants [22][23]. These methods were improved by Sader to a higher accuracy [11][24]. As a second category of application of V-shaped cantilevers, dynamic AFM is used to characterize soft matter. For example, Korayem et al. have carried out a free-vibration

Antimicrobial metal-based nanoparticles: a review on their synthesis, types and antimicrobial action

• Matías Guerrero Correa,
• Fernanda B. Martínez,
• Cristian Patiño Vidal,
• Camilo Streitt,
• Juan Escrig and
• Carol Lopez de Dicastillo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1450–1469, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.129

• this technique, the experimental conditions must be carefully controlled in order to achieve reproducible results [147]. This technique is usually combined with the dynamic contact methodology (ASTM E2149-10 directive) in which different NP concentrations are put into contact for a given time period

On the frequency dependence of viscoelastic material characterization with intermittent-contact dynamic atomic force microscopy: avoiding mischaracterization across large frequency ranges

• Enrique A. López-Guerra and
• Santiago D. Solares

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1409–1418, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.125

• characterization frequency regardless of the materials properties. In this paper we present a linear viscoelastic analysis of intermittent-contact, nearly resonant dynamic AFM characterization of such materials, considering the possibility of multiple characteristic times. We describe some of the intricacies

• inverting the frequency-dependent viscoelastic behavior of a material from dynamic AFM observables, we suggest that a partial solution is offered by recently developed quasi-static force–distance characterization techniques, which incorporate viscoelastic models with multiple characteristic times and can

• help inform dynamic AFM characterization. Keywords: dynamic atomic force microscopy; Generalized Maxwell model; loss modulus; storage modulus; viscoelasticity; Introduction There have been significant methodology developments since the introduction of atomic force microscopy (AFM) in the mid-1980s [1

Triboelectric nanogenerator based on Teflon/vitamin B1 powder for self-powered humidity sensing

• Liangyi Zhang,
• Huan Li,
• Yiyuan Xie,
• Jing Guo and
• Zhiyuan Zhu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1394–1401, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.123

• -TENG were performed in Chongqing, located in the southern region of China where it rains often and the annual relative humidity is usually above 40%. Thus, the humidity sensor response is limited due to a change in RH from 40 to 90% (Figure 4a–f). The dynamic change between the output voltage and the

Transient coating of γ-Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles with glutamate for its delivery to and removal from brain nerve terminals

• Konstantin Paliienko,
• Artem Pastukhov,
• Michal Babič,
• Daniel Horák,
• Olga Vasylchenko and
• Tatiana Borisova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1381–1393, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.122

• not prevent the formation of a glutamate biocoating. It was shown that the glutamate biocoating is a temporal dynamic structure at the surface of γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles. Also, components of the nerve terminal incubation medium and physiological fluids responsible for the desorption of glutamate were

• diameter Di. The dispersity (Ð) is expressed by the ratio Dw/Dn, where Dw is the weight-average particle diameter, Dw = ΣNiDi4/ΣNiDi3. The hydrodynamic diameter Dh (z-average) and polydispersity index (PI) as measures of the distribution width were obtained by dynamic light scattering (DLS) with a

• concentrations was considered as 100% in further calculations. Analysis of the size of γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles in different media by laser correlation spectroscopy The size of γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles was measured by dynamic light scattering using a laser correlation spectrometer ZetaSizer-3 (Malvern Instrument, UK

Controlling the proximity effect in a Co/Nb multilayer: the properties of electronic transport

• Sergey Bakurskiy,
• Mikhail Kupriyanov,
• Nikolay V. Klenov,
• Igor Soloviev,
• Andrey Schegolev,
• Roman Morari,
• Yury Khaydukov and
• Anatoli S. Sidorenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1336–1345, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.118

• configurable dynamic range of the element increases with the difference between the kinetic inductances of the arms and decreases with the rise of the geometric inductance. Taking into account more complex physical phenomena in the S/F multilayer structure, the future studies aim to increase the functionality

Cryogenic low-noise amplifiers for measurements with superconducting detectors

• Ilya L. Novikov,
• Boris I. Ivanov,
• Dmitri V. Ponomarev and
• Aleksey G. Vostretsov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1316–1320, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.115

• terminals were set up as feedthrough filters. Results and Discussion The main measurement instrument of the setup was a dynamic signal analyzer (SA) SR780 from Stanford Research Systems with a frequency range from DC to 102.4 kHz and imbedded analogue sweeping generator. It was used for gain and noise

• generator output in order to reduce the voltage amplitude, so that the input voltage signal applied to the amplifiers corresponded to 100 μV. We estimated the dynamic behavior of the amplifiers while applying a sinusoidal analog signal with different amplitudes. The linear voltage range corresponded up to 5

Growth of a self-assembled monolayer decoupled from the substrate: nucleation on-command using buffer layers

• Robby Reynaerts,
• Kunal S. Mali and
• Steven De Feyter

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1291–1302, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.113

• self-assembly of BA-OC14 atop the n-C50 buffer layer lead to the formation of another polymorph? (3) Does the assembly atop such buffer layers provide better control over our ability to monitor/manipulate dynamic assembly processes? The results and discussion provided below delve into some of these

• nm by carrying out systematic concentration-dependent measurements since lower solution concentrations are known to favor large domain sizes. Annealing of the samples was also carried out. We noticed that at lower solution concentrations, the n-C50 monolayers exhibit a highly dynamic behavior with

• possible for monolayers adsorbed directly on the graphite surface. In the following section we describe our attempts to observe such dynamic phenomena and to induce nucleation of BA-OC14 domains using the STM tip. STM tip-induced nucleation on-command atop n-C50 buffer layer During the course of this

Structure and electrochemical performance of electrospun-ordered porous carbon/graphene composite nanofibers

• Yi Wang,
• Yanhua Song,
• Chengwei Ye and
• Lan Xu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1280–1290, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.112

• electrochemical behavior [49]. EIS is one of the most accurate methods to analyze the dynamic process of diffusion in the electric double layer of an electrode. It is also commonly used to study the high energy storage capacity mechanism in electrodes. The general EIS spectrum is mainly composed of two parts: the

An atomic force microscope integrated with a helium ion microscope for correlative nanoscale characterization

• Santiago H. Andany,
• Gregor Hlawacek,
• Stefan Hummel,
• Charlène Brillard,
• Mustafa Kangül and
• Georg E. Fantner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1272–1279, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.111

• for the combination of AFM and HIM. While much progress has been made towards increasing the imaging speed of AFM [46][47][48][49][50], most of this progress has been limited to imaging in liquid, due to the inherent bandwidth limitation of cantilevers when using them in dynamic mode in vacuum. Recent

Role of redox-active axial ligands of metal porphyrins adsorbed at solid–liquid interfaces in a liquid-STM setup

• Thomas Habets,
• Sylvia Speller and
• Johannes A. A. W. Elemans

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1264–1271, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.110

• organized and dynamic layers were formed on HOPG (not shown). When, however, 1-phenyloctane, a broadly applied aromatic solvent in liquid-STM studies, was used, it was impossible to image the surface or adsorbed molecules regardless of the used surface, due to the occurrence of a large additional increase

• of MnTUPCl, which is a sufficient amount to sustain the reactions for weeks, at least in principle. However, since we propose that the reduction of the manganese porphyrins takes place when they are adsorbed to the negatively biased electrode, their adsorption–desorption process must be dynamic. Once

• rate (both in terms of size and sign), also higher concentrations of the redox-active species lead to higher reaction rates, which points at increased dynamic exchange of the redox-active species at the sample and tip electrodes. Furthermore, the proposed transport of chloride ions through the 1

Ultrasensitive detection of cadmium ions using a microcantilever-based piezoresistive sensor for groundwater

• Dinesh Rotake,
• Anand Darji and
• Nitin Kale

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1242–1253, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.108

• only on absorption and fluorescence change and need dynamic acquisition [23]. A magnetic field powered pressure sensor proposed by Khan et al. [24] is capable of measuring pressure in the range of kilopascals but the suitability for the very low pressure caused by HMIs needs to be examined. A reduced

Gas sorption porosimetry for the evaluation of hard carbons as anodes for Li- and Na-ion batteries

• Yuko Matsukawa,
• Fabian Linsenmann,
• Maximilian A. Plass,
• George Hasegawa,
• Katsuro Hayashi and
• Tim-Patrick Fellinger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1217–1229, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.106

• were punched out. The electrodes were then dried in a glass oven (Büchi, Switzerland) under dynamic vacuum at 120 °C overnight and transferred into an argon-filled glovebox (H2O and O2 content <0.1 ppm, MBraun, Germany) without exposure to ambient air. Electrochemical characterization In order to

Influence of the magnetic nanoparticle coating on the magnetic relaxation time

• Mihaela Osaci and
• Matteo Cacciola

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1207–1216, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.105

• coefficient of dynamic viscosity, kB is the Boltzmann constant, and T is the temperature. After obtaining the effective magnetic relaxation time value of each nanoparticle, we can calculate the average effective magnetic relaxation time. The effective magnetic relaxation time is influenced by the magnetic

• , respectively, η is the dynamic viscosity coefficient, ri is the radius of the i-th nanoparticle, βi,tr(t) and βi,rot(t) are the random Brownian force and torque, respectively, Ii is the moment of inertia of the i-th nanoparticle, is the angular speed of the i-th nanoparticle, is the resultant of the

Nonadiabatic superconductivity in a Li-intercalated hexagonal boron nitride bilayer

• Kamila A. Szewczyk,
• Izabela A. Domagalska,
• Artur P. Durajski and
• Radosław Szczęśniak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1178–1189, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.102

• dynamic corrections modeled by the explicit dependence of the order parameter and the wave function renormalization factor on the Matsubara frequency. Based on the results of [67][79], the impact of static vertex corrections on the critical temperature can be estimated using the formula where is the

• critical temperature value calculated on the basis of the Allen–Dynes formula [80]. The input from the static part of the vertex corrections has the form A good measure of the dynamic vertex corrections is The results are summarized in Table 1. As one can see, the static part of the vertex corrections is

Thermophoretic tweezers for single nanoparticle manipulation

• Jošt Stergar and
• Natan Osterman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1126–1133, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.97

• technology, there is an incessant need, or at least a desire, for a (contactless) manipulation of small objects, such as nanoparticles, molecules, or even single atoms. In this work we present an approach to the thermophoretic trapping of particles in dynamic temperature gradients induced through laser

• , and the feedback loop frequency. The numerical simulation reproduced the experimental findings very well and can be thus utilized for the estimation of the stiffness for any combination of parameters. The all-optical creation of the tweezers allows for their dynamic relocation. Consequently, it

Vibration analysis and pull-in instability behavior in a multiwalled piezoelectric nanosensor with fluid flow conveyance

• Sayyid H. Hashemi Kachapi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1072–1081, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.92

• . investigated the effect of nonzero initial conditions, the nonlinear coefficient of squeeze film air damping, and the van der Waals effect on the stability of torsional nanomirrors for the obtained dynamic pull-in instability voltage using the size effect [14]. Fakhrabadi et al. utilized the modified couple

Highly sensitive detection of estradiol by a SERS sensor based on TiO₂ covered with gold nanoparticles

• Andrea Brognara,
• Ili F. Mohamad Ali Nasri,
• Beatrice R. Bricchi,
• Andrea Li Bassi,
• Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay,
• Matteo Ghidelli and
• Nathalie Lidgi-Guigui

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1026–1035, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.87

• -estradiol, an emerging contaminant in environmental waters. We have found a limit of detection of 1 nM with a sensitivity allowing for a dynamic range of five orders of magnitude (up to 100 µM). Keywords: aptamer; Au nanoparticles; 17-β estradiol (E2); plasmonics; sensor; surface-enhanced Raman scattering

• quantification is possible between 1 nM and 10 µM, i.e., the sensor has a dynamic range of at least four orders of magnitude. Conclusion TiO2 nanoporous surfaces covered with Au NPs were tested as SERS surfaces for the detection of 17β-estradiol. Different conditions of Au deposition were considered as they lead

• ) and has a wide dynamic range (up to 100 µM). These results combined with the fact that the sensor is all solid makes the nanopourous TiO2/Au systems interesting for environmental detection applications. Schematic of the SERS sensor. The figure is not to scale for the sake of clarity. SEM top-view

Gas-sensing features of nanostructured tellurium thin films

• Dumitru Tsiulyanu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1010–1018, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.85

• using a dc voltage supplier. In all measurements, the load resistance was chosen to be approximately one order of magnitude lower than the sample resistance. Figure 3 shows the dynamic response of both nanocrystalline (blue) and amorphous (black) nanostructured Te-based gas-sensitive devices to a

• . Normalized dynamic response of a microcrystalline (red), nanocrystalline (blue) and amorphous (black) nanostructured Te-based gas-sensitive device to a rectangular pulse of 1.0 ppm NO2 at room temperature (22 °C). Transient characteristics of gas-induced current in nanocrystalline Te films, at different

Wet-spinning of magneto-responsive helical chitosan microfibers

• Dorothea Brüggemann,
• Johanna Michel,
• Naiana Suter,
• Matheus Grande de Aguiar and
• Michael Maas

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 991–999, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.83

• the IOPs were homogeneously embedded as micrometer-sized agglomerates in the chitosan matrix (Figure 3B,C). Individual IOPs had a diameter of approximately 100 nm whereas their aggregates had a diameter on the order of several micrometers. According to the dynamic light scattering results (Table S2

• IOP dispersions in 1% acetic acid using a dynamic light scattering device (ZetaSizer NanoSP, Malvern, United Kingdom). Preparation of chitosan microfibers with IOPs A coagulation bath containing absolute ethanol (VWR, Darmstadt, Germany) was prepared in a polyethylene terephthalate glycol tube (MOCAP

Electrochemical nanostructuring of (111) oriented GaAs crystals: from porous structures to nanowires

• Elena I. Monaico,
• Eduard V. Monaico,
• Veaceslav V. Ursaki,
• Shashank Honnali,
• Vitalie Postolache,
• Karin Leistner,
• Kornelius Nielsch and
• Ion M. Tiginyanu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 966–975, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.81

• suitable for the development of IR photodetectors with good sensitivity and dynamic characteristics. Experimental Electrochemical anodization. Crystalline 500 µm thick (111)-oriented substrates of Si-doped n-GaAs with a free electron concentration of 2 × 1018 cm−3 were used in this study. The samples were

Extracting viscoelastic material parameters using an atomic force microscope and static force spectroscopy

• Cameron H. Parvini,
• M. A. S. R. Saadi and
• Santiago D. Solares

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 922–937, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.77

• requires a numerical convolution of U(t) and F(t) in terms of the material parameter set {Jg, Jn, τn}. Useful viscoelastic quantities When characterizing the response of viscoelastic materials to external stress, especially during cyclic loading (such as with dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) machines), it

Nickel nanoparticles supported on a covalent triazine framework as electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution reaction and oxygen reduction reactions

• Secil Öztürk,
• Yu-Xuan Xiao,
• Dennis Dietrich,
• Beatriz Giesen,
• Juri Barthel,
• Jie Ying,
• Xiao-Yu Yang and
• Christoph Janiak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 770–781, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.62

• the CTF-1-400 materials is attributed to the better conductivity of the former (as obtained from the Nyquist plot in Figure 7). The half-wave potential of Ni/CTF-1-600-22 (0.775 V) was larger than that of CTF-1-600 (0.724 V) and that of Ni/CTF-1-600-33 (0.729 V), indicating a faster dynamic process

Hexagonal boron nitride: a review of the emerging material platform for single-photon sources and the spin–photon interface

• Stefania Castelletto,
• Faraz A. Inam,
• Shin-ichiro Sato and
• Alberto Boretti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 740–769, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.61

Quantitative determination of the interaction potential between two surfaces using frequency-modulated atomic force microscopy

• Nicholas Chan,
• Carrie Lin,
• Tevis Jacobs,
• Robert W. Carpick and
• Philip Egberts

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 729–739, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.60

• frequency-modulated atomic force microscopy (AFM). Furthermore, this technique can be extended to the experimental verification of potential forms for any given material pair. Specifically, interaction forces are determined between an AFM tip apex and a nominally flat substrate using dynamic force

• matching these F(z) curves to a set of LJ F(z) curves generated for the specific tip apex shape, as described in the following section. Determination of work and range of adhesion using in situ TEM adhesive experiments The method that will be discussed to determine LJ parameters from dynamic FM-AFM