Key for crossing the BBB with nanoparticles: the rational design

• Sonia M. Lombardo,
• Marc Schneider,
• Akif E. Türeli and
• Nazende Günday Türeli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 866–883, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.72

• optical window. Light in this wavelength range can penetrate more deeply into the human body thanks to the low absorption by tissue and blood, making these nanoparticles interesting for theranostic treatments [177][179][180]. By excitation of surface plasmon oscillations, local heating can be generated

A Josephson junction based on a highly disordered superconductor/low-resistivity normal metal bilayer

• Pavel M. Marychev and
• Denis Yu. Vodolazov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 858–865, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.71

• junction; Joule heating; Introduction Josephson junctions are of interest for applications such as voltage standards [1], SQUID magnetometers [2], particle detectors [3], and energy-efficient superconductor logic and memory circuits [4][5]. These applications need to have a large critical current Ic to

• obtain high noise immunity. But due to large critical current and bad heat dissipation their IVCs are hysteretic due to Joule heating () and the subsequent formation of a stable region with suppressed superconductivity (a so-called “hot spot”) at I > Ic [6][7][8][9]. At temperatures near the critical

• the thickness of the N layer leads to a significant decrease of Rn and, hence, to smaller values of Vc. In our work, we calculate the current–phase relation and heating effects in SN-S-SN Josephson junctions of variable thickness based on a thin dirty superconductor with large normal-state resistivity

Transition from freestanding SnO₂ nanowires to laterally aligned nanowires with a simulation-based experimental design

• Jasmin-Clara Bürger,
• Sebastian Gutsch and
• Margit Zacharias

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 843–853, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.69

• understanding of the main influencing process parameters. Up to now, only a limited number of reports have focused on simulations of such systems [22][23]. The simulations are challenging because some parameters are unknown, such as the evaporation rate of the source materials during heating up and the amount

Adsorption behavior of tin phthalocyanine onto the (110) face of rutile TiO₂

• Lukasz Bodek,
• Mads Engelund,
• Aleksandra Cebrat and
• Bartosz Such

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 821–828, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.67

• carried out in two ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) systems with a base pressure below 2 × 10−10 mbar. A rutile TiO2(110) crystal (produced by MaTeck GmbH) was mounted onto a sample holder allowing for the direct heating by using an AC electric current. An atomically flat and clean surface (as checked by STM) was

Light–matter interactions in two-dimensional layered WSe₂ for gauging evolution of phonon dynamics

• Avra S. Bandyopadhyay,
• Chandan Biswas and
• Anupama B. Kaul

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 782–797, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.63

• , analysis of the phonon dynamics in 2D WSe2 will shed insights on the impact of self-heating effects in WSe2 to illustrate its utility in electronic, optoelectronic and thermoelectric device platforms in the future. In this work, we demonstrate that exposure to heat on the WSe2 crystallites as generated via

• substrates were cleaned using acetone, isopropyl alcohol and methanol solution in an ultrasonicator, and rinsed with DI water. Nitrogen blow drying and substrate heating on a hotplate at T = 110 °C for 5 min allowed any residual moisture from the substrate surface to be removed. The micro-Raman and PL

• temperature, i.e., T = 298 K to T = 79 K after which it was warmed again to T = 298 K. Finally heating from room temperature to T = 523 K was conducted in a ceramic crucible inside the Linkam cell where a temperature controller enabled the stage to heat the sample. Results and Discussion Phonon modes in 2D

Nickel nanoparticles supported on a covalent triazine framework as electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution reaction and oxygen reduction reactions

• Secil Öztürk,
• Yu-Xuan Xiao,
• Dennis Dietrich,
• Beatriz Giesen,
• Juri Barthel,
• Jie Ying,
• Xiao-Yu Yang and
• Christoph Janiak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 770–781, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.62

• calculations based on N2 at 77 K on carbon with slit pores. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was done with a Netzsch TG 209 F3 Tarsus device equipped with an Al crucible applying a heating rate of 10 K/min under inert atmosphere. Elemental analyses (CHN) were performed with a Perkin Elmer 2400 apparatus. Flame

• has been followed for CTF-1-600 by first heating to 400 °C for 40 h and subsequently to 600 °C for 20 h. Synthesis of Ni/CTF-1 in [BMIm][NTf2] Ni(COD)2 (23.4 mg, 0.085 mmol or 46.8 mg, 0.17 mmol) and 10 mg of CTF-1-400 or CTF-1-600 were stirred in 1 g of IL in a microwave tube at room temperature and

Hexagonal boron nitride: a review of the emerging material platform for single-photon sources and the spin–photon interface

• Stefania Castelletto,
• Faraz A. Inam,
• Shin-ichiro Sato and
• Alberto Boretti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 740–769, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.61

• , it can be considered a hybrid 1D and 2D material. In [116], commercially available BNNTs were fabricated using a catalyst-free high-temperature pressure method, and the laser heating method was studied in terms of SPEs. Non-treated BNNTs provided photostable SPEs down to the single nanotube, either

• lattice phonons appeared, while the g(2)(0) values and the emission lifetimes were unchanged up to 800 K. The decrease in emission intensity accompanied by heating was caused by the increase in nonradiative transition rate, and the activation energies for 1.94 eV and 1.75 eV emitters were revealed to be

Preparation, characterization and photocatalytic performance of heterostructured CuO–ZnO-loaded composite nanofiber membranes

• Wei Fang,
• Liang Yu and
• Lan Xu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 631–650, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.50

• foil. Heat-treatment process The collected Cu(Ac)2/Zn(Ac)2/PVDF/PAN CNFMs were cut into pieces with a square area of 3 cm × 3 cm, and put into a muffle furnace (GZ2.5-10TP, Shanghai Gaozhi Precision Instrument Co., Ltd., China) for calcination. The heating rate was kept at 5 °C/min, and the

• )2 in the membrane were in contact with water vapor and directly decomposed to form CuO, ZnO and evaporated acetic acid. All reactions were carried out under heating conditions, such as heat treatment and hydrothermal synthesis. The whole process can be described by the following equations [16]. or

Silver-decorated gel-shell nanobeads: physicochemical characterization and evaluation of antibacterial properties

• Marta Bartel,
• Katarzyna Markowska,
• Marcin Strawski,
• Krystyna Wolska and
• Maciej Mazur

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 620–630, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.49

• nanocomposite using thermogravimetric analysis. The thermograms of PSS and PSSAg have been recorded up to 700 °C under oxygen/nitrogen atmosphere at a heating rate of 5 °C/min (Figure 7). For the PSS sample one can see several decomposition steps in the range of 400–650 °C, which is characteristic of sulfonated

Multilayer capsules made of weak polyelectrolytes: a review on the preparation, functionalization and applications in drug delivery

• Varsha Sharma and
• Anandhakumar Sundaramurthy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 508–532, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.41

Evolution of Ag nanostructures created from thin films: UV–vis absorption and its theoretical predictions

• Robert Kozioł,
• Marcin Łapiński,
• Paweł Syty,
• Damian Koszelow,
• Wojciech Sadowski,
• Józef E. Sienkiewicz and
• Barbara Kościelska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 494–507, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.40

• resonance over a wide frequency range. There are many methods for the fabrication of metal nanostructures. One promising technique is the heating of thin metallic films deposited on a substrate. These layers are metastable and can undergo dewetting with increasing temperature. Dewetting can occur via three

Formation of nanoripples on ZnO flat substrates and nanorods by gas cluster ion bombardment

• Xiaomei Zeng,
• Vasiliy Pelenovich,
• Bin Xing,
• Rakhim Rakhimov,
• Wenbin Zuo,
• Alexander Tolstogouzov,
• Chuansheng Liu,
• Dejun Fu and
• Xiangheng Xiao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 383–390, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.29

• to coat the substrate. Next, the coated substrates were put on a heating plate for 10 min at 170 °C in air. These coating procedures were repeated three times. Finally, the coated substrates were heated at 350 °C for 20 min in air to obtain layer of crystalline ZnO islets. The solution for HT growth

Facile biogenic fabrication of hydroxyapatite nanorods using cuttlefish bone and their bactericidal and biocompatibility study

• Satheeshkumar Balu,
• Manisha Vidyavathy Sundaradoss,
• Swetha Andra and
• Jaison Jeevanandam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 285–295, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.21

• reaction time along with certain traces of calcite. Moreover, the intensity of the calcite at peak positions of 23° and 29° significantly decreased with increasing reaction time. This reveals that prolonged heating of calcite crystal relaxes the lattice of calcite to facilitate the formation of Hap [25

• heating rate of 20 °C/min under 100 mL/min nitrogen flow rate. Biological studies Antibacterial study The bactericidal activity of the CB-Hap NRs was assessed using well diffusion methods against two different gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, E. coli, and S. aureus, respectively. The nutrient

High-performance asymmetric supercapacitor made of NiMoO₄ nanorods@Co₃O₄ on a cellulose-based carbon aerogel

• Meixia Wang,
• Jing Zhang,
• Xibin Yi,
• Benxue Liu,
• Xinfu Zhao and
• Xiaochan Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 240–251, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.18

• aerogel at 800 °C for 2 h under N2 atmosphere using a heating rate of 2 °C /min. Preparation of NiMoO4/CA The CA described above was used as the backbone for the growth of NiMoO4 nanorods. Therefore, 4 mmol Ni(NO3)2·6H2O and 4 mmol Na2MoO4·2H2O were dissolved in 50 mL of deionized water to form a light

Phase inversion-based nanoemulsions of medium chain triglyceride as potential drug delivery system for parenteral applications

• Eike Folker Busmann,
• Dailén García Martínez,
• Henrike Lucas and
• Karsten Mäder

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 213–224, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.16

• the significant conductivity decrease during the heating process with the Mettler Toledo S230 SevenCompact conductivity meter. Characterization of the osmolality The osmolality was determined in triplicate with the KNAUER Semi-Mikro Osmometer. The osmolality of the sodium chloride solution (according

Size effects of graphene nanoplatelets on the properties of high-density polyethylene nanocomposites: morphological, thermal, electrical, and mechanical characterization

• Tuba Evgin,
• Alpaslan Turgut,
• Georges Hamaoui,
• Zdenko Spitalsky,
• Nicolas Horny,
• Matej Micusik,
• Mihai Chirtoc,
• Mehmet Sarikanat and
• Maria Omastova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 167–179, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.14

• the sample’s temperature [41]. The heating is achieved by a frequency-modulated laser beam (DPSS, Dream Lasers Technol. Co., model SDL-532-300T) with 300 mW at 532 nm wavelength and a diameter of 0.6 mm at 1/e. The IR radiations linked to the fast conversion of a fraction of the absorbed optical

• frequencies, a flat top (FT) optics grouping consisting of a diffuser/beam-shaper (ED1-C20, diameter 1", 20°, Circle Pattern Diffuser, Thorlabs) and two lenses (one to collect the large diffused beam and another to converge it on the sample) was used. Using this configuration, the shape of the heating spot

• was circular, and the illumination was uniform on the sample’s surface. The heating was therefore considered 1D, and a 1D thermal characterization of the HDPE samples could be applied by analyzing the amplitude and phase of the PTR signal using a 1D quadrupole-based model [48][49]. This modeling was

Molecular architectonics of DNA for functional nanoarchitectures

• Debasis Ghosh,
• Lakshmi P. Datta and
• Thimmaiah Govindaraju

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 124–140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.11

• structure. In a DNA hybridization process, the oligonucleotides with complementary base sequences are dissolved in a buffer solution and subjected to annealing, which involves a cycle of heating the solution followed by cooling [31]. Seeman and co-workers envisioned the construction of 3D nanoarchitectures

Simple synthesis of nanosheets of rGO and nitrogenated rGO

• Pallellappa Chithaiah,
• Madhan Mohan Raju,
• Giridhar U. Kulkarni and
• C. N. R. Rao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 68–75, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.7

• atmosphere at a heating rate of 3 °C·min−1. The results of rGO and N-rGO are shown in Figure 3a and Figure 3b, respectively. The initial weight losses occurring for rGO and N-rGO between room temperature and ca. 150 °C can be attributed to the evaporation of physically adsorbed water molecules. The second

• , using an ultrasonic bath, and subsequent dripping of the suspension on the grid and drying. Raman spectra of the samples were recorded using a Jobin Yvon LabRam HR spectrometer with a 514 nm Ar laser. Thermogravimetric analysis of the samples was carried out in an oxygen flow with a heating rate of 3

The effect of heat treatment on the morphology and mobility of Au nanoparticles

• Sven Oras,
• Sergei Vlassov,
• Simon Vigonski,
• Boris Polyakov,
• Mikk Antsov,
• Vahur Zadin,
• Rünno Lõhmus and
• Karine Mougin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 61–67, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.6

• area between the NP and a substrate [14]. The morphology, and thus the contact area of the NP, can be tuned by changing the synthesis parameters [15]. For readily synthesized NPs, the morphology can be changed by adding energy to the NPs by laser treatment [16] or by heating the NPs in an oven. Partial

Recent progress in perovskite solar cells: the perovskite layer

• Xianfeng Dai,
• Ke Xu and
• Fanan Wei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 51–60, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.5

• -coating step, gas quenching and substrate heating were combined to control the drying rate of the perovskite precursor solution, resulting in a uniform and compact high-quality perovskite layer. A PCE of 12.7% was achieved when a print friendly hole transport layer was introduced. Recently, several

• light illumination for 3,000 hours and damp heat (heating at 85 °C and 85% RH) for 168 hours. These results demonstrate that PSCs based on DJ phase perovskites have higher efficiency and stability than those based on the RP structure, without the need for additives or pretreatment. 2D/3D PSCs Although

Influence of the epitaxial composition on N-face GaN KOH etch kinetics determined by ICP-OES

• Markus Tautz,
• Maren T. Kuchenbrod,
• Joachim Hertkorn,
• Robert Weinberger,
• Martin Welzel,
• Arno Pfitzner and
• David Díaz Díaz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 41–50, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.4

• centrifuge vials under magnetic stirring. The temperature was precisely maintained with an uncertainty of ±1.5 °C, using an ethylene glycol heating bath and an IR laser thermometer. The credibility of temperature measurement was evaluated by comparison between IR and capillary thermometers. Before immersion

• . The stability of the KOH concentration during preheating was also monitored. Directly after preparation, titration with HCl gave a KOH concentration of 30.1 wt %. After 20 min heating to a temperature of 82 °C in a closed sample vial, the concentration had increased to 30.9 wt %. The reason was water

Synthesis of amorphous and graphitized porous nitrogen-doped carbon spheres as oxygen reduction reaction catalysts

• Maximilian Wassner,
• Markus Eckardt,
• Andreas Reyer,
• Thomas Diemant,
• Michael S. Elsaesser,
• R. Jürgen Behm and
• Nicola Hüsing

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1–15, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.1

• under argon atmosphere in a tube furnace (V = 12 L) for 4 h (heating rate 5 °C·min−1) at different temperatures, between 550 and 1000 °C with steps of 150 °C, followed by N-doping in an ammonia atmosphere (3 NL·h−1), holding the individual carbonization temperature of each sample for 1 h. Cooling to

• room temperature was performed in an argon flow. Synthesis of graphitized N-doped carbon spheres (g-NCS): As-synthesized carbon spheres were pre-carbonized in argon atmosphere for 1 h (heating rate 5 °C·min−1) at 550 °C. A solution of 5.05 g iron(III) nitrate in 50 mL aqua dest. was added to 2.5 g pre

• -carbonized carbon spheres and stirred for 24 h, followed by refluxing for 5 h at 100 °C and subsequent filtration and drying. Catalytic graphitization was carried out by annealing at different temperatures, between 550 and 1000 °C with steps of 150 °C, in argon atmosphere for 4 h (heating rate 5 °C·min−1

Long-term stability and scale-up of noncovalently bound gold nanoparticle-siRNA suspensions

• Anna V. Epanchintseva,
• Julia E. Poletaeva,
• Dmitrii V. Pyshnyi,
• Elena I. Ryabchikova and
• Inna A. Pyshnaya

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2568–2578, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.248

• from the gel with water and precipitated as the sodium salt in acetone. The siRNA samples containing complementary oligoribonucleotides (25 µM each) and 350 mM NaCl were subjected to heating for 3 min at 95 °С, followed by cooling to 25 °С. The samples of native siRNA (1) and fluorescently labeled

Advanced hybrid nanomaterials

• Andreas Taubert,
• Fabrice Leroux,
• Pierre Rabu and
• Verónica de Zea Bermudez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2563–2567, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.247

• is simultaneously employed as a contrast agent in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and for local heating therapy using magnetic particle hyperthermia [33]. In vitro hyperthermia tests showed efficiency in inoculating mouse breast cancer cells. Another study reports the use of alendronate-coated gold

Bombesin receptor-targeted liposomes for enhanced delivery to lung cancer cells

• Mohammad J. Akbar,
• Pâmela C. Lukasewicz Ferreira,
• Melania Giorgetti,
• Leanne Stokes and
• Christopher J. Morris

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2553–2562, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.246

• then heated to 55 °C and vortexed extensively to produce MLVs. Five cycles of freeze-thawing (dry ice-acetone followed by heating to 55 °C) were performed to produce reduce the lamellarity of the vesicles. Finally, lipid suspensions were extruded (21×) through polycarbonate membranes of 200 nm, 100 nm