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Search for "quantification" in Full Text gives 232 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology. Showing first 200.
Analysis of soil bacteria susceptibility to manufactured nanoparticles via data visualization
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1635–1651, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.166
- LRA biplots and simplified NMDSs with quantification provided by the distance correlation between MNP impacts summarized at different taxonomic levels. The present study demonstrates that visual exploration could potentially assist in knowledge discovery and interpretation of data on soil bacterial
The eNanoMapper database for nanomaterial safety information
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1609–1634, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.165
- association of a 105-member library of surface-modified gold nanoparticles (see Figure 3). 785 distinct serum proteins were identified by LC-MS/MS, from which 129 were suitable for relative quantification. The fingerprint of serum proteins was defined by the relative abundance of each protein on a
Peptide-equipped tobacco mosaic virus templates for selective and controllable biomineral deposition
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1399–1412, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.145
- shown in Table 3, the normalized intensities of two silica-derived fragments obtained with SIMS allow for a rough but reasonable quantification of the conversion of TEOS to silica induced by bare and KD10-functionalized TMV particles. While all negative controls not exposed to TEOS show negligible
PLGA nanoparticles as a platform for vitamin D-based cancer therapy
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1306–1318, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.135
- performed in propidium iodide (PI)-stained S2-013, hTERT-HPNE and A549 cells after treatment with free calcitriol and calcitriol-loaded PLGA NPs at 1.2 µM for 72 h. PI counterstaining was used for DNA quantification. The differences in the DNA content between the cell population allowed the cell cycle
- TEM visualization [42]. Vitamin loading capacity (LC) and the encapsulation efficiency (EE) of PLGA NPs were further indirectly determined. For the quantification of the free vitamin, the NP suspension was centrifuged (14500 rpm, 30 min), and the supernatant analyzed. This step was conducted before
Scanning reflection ion microscopy in a helium ion microscope
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1125–1137, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.114
- composition. A simple geometrical analysis of the reflection process was performed together with a Monte Carlo simulation of the angular dependence of the reflected ion yield. An interpretation of the RIM image formation and a quantification of the height of the surface steps were performed. The minimum
Simulation tool for assessing the release and environmental distribution of nanomaterials
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 938–951, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.97
- . In such analysis, the environmental entry, movement, and distribution of contaminants are described by a set of mathematical expressions. Specifically, MCMs require mechanistic quantification of intermedia transport rates (e.g., dry and wet deposition, sedimentation, dissolution) and rates of
Entropy effects in the collective dynamic behavior of alkyl monolayers tethered to Si(111)
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 583–594, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.60
- -alkanes (44 meV) [57]. However, an accurate quantification of the number of gauche defects would require an estimate of the dipole moments for all non-centrosymmetric methylene conformations, which will depend on details of the trans–gauche sequences. Vibrational spectroscopy and molecular dynamics
Pulmonary surfactant augments cytotoxicity of silica nanoparticles: Studies on an in vitro air–blood barrier model
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 517–528, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.54
- quantification method for determination of the number of viable cells is cell staining with crystal violet (CV, purchased from Merck, 1407) [19]. Crystal violet (N-hexamethyl pararosaniline) is a monochromatic dye which stains cell nuclei. After fixation of NP-exposed cells they were incubated with 50 μL/96er
- three aSNPs after an incubation time of 4 h in serum-free medium. An approximate quantification of cellular uptake via fluorescence intensity measurement of the images could not be conducted due to the variable fluorescence intensity of the aSNP labeling itself. Comparing all three aSNPs using same
- approximate uptake quantification via fluorescence intensity measurements was not suitable due to the different fluorescence-labeling intensities of the aSNPs themselves. The decrease of MTS conversion at lower concentrations of aSNP–COOH remains unexplained at the moment. The fact that in this study no cell
Hollow plasmonic antennas for broadband SERS spectroscopy
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 492–498, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.50
- –180 in amplitude and is comparable to the result obtained by FEM calculations. The data reported in Figure 5 allow quantification of the enhancement for a broadband wavelength range. Indeed, by comparing the spectral signals of the antennas, it is possible to observe that the dye excited at λ = 514 nm
Influence of spurious resonances on the interaction force in dynamic AFM
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 420–427, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.42
- Luca Costa Mario S. Rodrigues ESRF, The European Synchrotron, 71 Rue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France CFMC/Dep. de Física, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal 10.3762/bjnano.6.42 Abstract The quantification of the tip–sample interaction in amplitude modulation atomic
- the excitation force remains directly proportional to the excitation signal, it is not necessary to know its actual value, nor how is the cantilever excited. Thus, as far as the quantifying forces is concerned, squeeze film effects or spurious peaks will not affect the quantification of forces. We
- constant, hence the quantification of the interaction forces is not affected. Let us consider now that the liquid motion results in an additional force on the cantilever that does not depend on the cantilever bending, i.e., the fluid is moving at the excitation frequency but it does so, independently of
Overview about the localization of nanoparticles in tissue and cellular context by different imaging techniques
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 263–280, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.25
- to detect multiple proteins (up to 30 different labels) in the same tissue slide based on the different spectra yielded by each label and even a quantification of a target molecules becomes possible [137]. However, these more advanced Raman techniques require a careful preparation [132] but they are
- quaternary ammonium palmitoyl glycol chitosan (dGCPQ) nanoparticles in fish and mice, respectively [127][138]. Raman microscopy provides a valuable tool for future applications in toxicopathological evaluation of NP due to the independence of additional labels, the ease of quantification of NP and the wide
- resolution down to 10 nm [144]. The various capabilities of full-field transmission X-ray microscopy (TXM) include 3D tomography, quantification of absorption, and chemical identification through X-ray fluorescence and X-ray absorption near edge structure imaging [143]. Gold NP were visualized in mice by
The distribution and degradation of radiolabeled superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles and quantum dots in mice
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 111–123, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.11
- the lack of appropriate techniques to reliably quantify the dynamic variation of Qdots in living animals. Fluorescent imaging has low spatial resolution and limited penetration depth, and quantification based only on such methods is limited. Functionalized SPIOs are also interesting candidates for
- . In MRI, the correlation of the relaxation times to the local nanoparticle concentrations is difficult due to possible agglomeration, where the increase of hydrodynamic diameters caused by opsonization and the difficulty in the quantification of the degradation and the cellular uptake of particles [22
- kinetics, targeting efficacy and the acute as well as the chronic toxicity of both nanoparticle systems is needed. We are interested in techniques that allow the quantification of nanoparticles in vivo and have already developed a post-synthetic method to radiolabel the cores of superparamagnetic iron
Materials and characterization techniques for high-temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 68–83, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.8
- simultaneous changes in the MEA structure and the phosphoric acid concentration make the quantitative analysis of X-ray radiographs challenging [40]. With additional 3D information, X-ray tomography is more effective in the localization and quantification of the acid electrolyte within the GDL and catalyst
Mammalian cell growth on gold nanoparticle-decorated substrates is influenced by the nanoparticle coating
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2479–2488, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.257
- nanoparticle application from the apical side of the cells [12]. Here, adherent cells are grown to various degrees of confluence, the nanoparticles are applied suspended in cell medium, and finally the uptake and/or the influence on metabolic activity is quantified. Quantification of uptake numbers occurs by
Proinflammatory and cytotoxic response to nanoparticles in precision-cut lung slices
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2440–2449, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.253
- ). For quantification of dead cells, the Imaris spotfinder algorithm was applied to automatically identify and count labelled cell nuclei in these 3D volumes and the volume of live cells was identified and calculated by using the surface tool. Similarly, as already described in Henjacovic et al. [8
- ], viability was determined as ratio of nuclei of dead cells per volume of live cells (spots (diameter ≤ 4 µm)/volume (105 µm3). WST-1 reduction in PCLS culture medium The WST-1 assay (Roche Diagnostics, Mannheim, Germany) was used for spectrometric quantification of cellular viability. After removing cell
- depth of the PCLS (z-size 250 µm, z-distance 3 µm) were recorded by using the same settings for all samples. Images were processed and analyzed by using Imaris software (Bitplane, Zürich, Switzerland). For quantification of EdU positive cells, the Imaris spotfinder algorithm was applied to automatically
Synthesis of radioactively labelled CdSe/CdS/ZnS quantum dots for in vivo experiments
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2383–2387, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.247
- quantification of the excretion of nanoparticles, and the study of the biological response to the QDs themselves are areas which to date have not been fully investigated. In order to aid in addressing those issues, CdSe/CdS/ZnS QDs were radioactively labelled, which allows quantification of the QD concentration
- investigation of the intercellular route taken by QDs, the quantification of the degradation or excretion of the nanoparticles, and the study of the biological response to QDs. To address those issues, a methodology for radioactively labelling of QDs was developed. Applying this strategy enables the
- quantification of the QD concentration during cellular uptake to be calculated. Here, the measured amount of radioactivity can be related to the amount or concentration of the QD ensemble or their metabolites (i.e., ionic species). To avoid any potential chemical inconsistencies we replace the typical precursors
Liquid-phase exfoliated graphene: functionalization, characterization, and applications
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2328–2338, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.242
- protocol allows the quantification of the graphene sheets in the dispersion, enabling further organic functionalization by stoichiometric reactions. This approach is suitable for the tailored design of materials with applications in many different research fields [22]. Ultrasonic processes are successful
Nanoencapsulation of ultra-small superparamagnetic particles of iron oxide into human serum albumin nanoparticles
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2259–2266, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.235
- was quantified by microgravimetry. Quantification of iron content by ion chromatography The iron content of USPIO HSA hybrid particles was quantified by using ion chromatography. An amount of 100 mg of particle mass was transferred to a 1.5 mL glass vial. The matrix structure was degraded by addition
Modeling viscoelasticity through spring–dashpot models in intermittent-contact atomic force microscopy
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2149–2163, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.224
- quantitative information about the dissipative and conservative tip–sample interactions by converting them to energy-based quantities, namely the dissipated power (Pts) and virial (Vts) [9][11]. Although several authors have achieved quantification of energy dissipation processes [12][13][14][15], the further
The gut wall provides an effective barrier against nanoparticle uptake
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2092–2101, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.218
- overall europium balance with the luminal and tissue samples could not be achieved when using ICP-MS, because the particle amount in some luminal samples was not sufficient to obtain signals above the quantification limit, although in these samples a significant fluorescence signal had been measured. Only
- chose fluorescent particles, while one type of NPs, the 40 nm europium doped particles, was selected so as to be also measurable, e.g., after acidic tissue disintegration by ICP-MS. This detection method, however, proved to be least sensitive, with a quantification threshold of 2.5 × 1010 particles per
- , Duisburg, FRG) over a measurement range of 0.1 to 10 µg/L (limit of quantification 250 ng/sample). A stock solution of 40 nm NPs of known concentration was analyzed accordingly to correlate the particle numbers with the Eu mass. Histological examinations For post-perfusion analysis of the gut integrity
Optical properties and electrical transport of thin films of terbium(III) bis(phthalocyanine) on cobalt
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2070–2078, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.215
- quantification of the TbPc2 topographic grain characteristics, a statistical analysis via histograms is used to calculate the average grain diameter and height from the topography images shown in Figure 4. Figure 5a shows that the height of the grains follows a linear increase while the average grain diameter
Effect of silver nanoparticles on human mesenchymal stem cell differentiation
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2058–2069, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.214
- Figure 3D). The adipogenic differentiation of hMSCs was quantified by the optical density (520 nm) of the extracted oil red-stained lipid droplets and by phase analysis of cells stained with Bodipy493/503. As shown in Figure 4, the quantification of oil red (Figure 4A) and Bodipy493/503 (Figure 4B
- (Ultraspec 3100 pro, Amersham Bioscience, GE Healthcare, Freiburg Germany) at a wavelength of 520 nm to measure the optical density of the extracted oil droplets. For Bodipy493/503 fluorescence quantification microphotographs were taken (Olympus CellP, Olympus, Hamburg, Germany) and digitally processed using
PVP-coated, negatively charged silver nanoparticles: A multi-center study of their physicochemical characteristics, cell culture and in vivo experiments
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1944–1965, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.205
Imaging the intracellular degradation of biodegradable polymer nanoparticles
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1905–1917, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.201
- of smaller particles (40 nm) is lower than for larger ones (200 nm). However, the degradation was observed only 180 min after incubation into the cells. In general, the quantification of nanoparticle uptake and cell loading can be classified into sample-conserving and sample-destructive techniques
- . The latter group typically comprises techniques such as mass spectroscopy, field-flow fractionation or radioactive labelling, whereas conserving techniques are usually based on microscopic methods. A good comparison of these different quantification methods is given by Elsaesser et al. [15]. For
- specified concentrations. Flow cytometry Flow cytometry was used for quantification of intracellular nanoparticles and for the analysis of cell viability. Similar to the procedures previously described [26], adherent cells were detached by trypsin (Gibco, Germany) and seeded in α-MEM at a density of 100 000
Biocompatibility of cerium dioxide and silicon dioxide nanoparticles with endothelial cells
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1795–1807, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.190
- response machinery may be postulated. In HUVEC, no correlation between the ROS generation and the cytokine release was detectable. Hereto, other mechanisms seem to be responsible for these processes. Interestingly, the quantification of intracellular CeO2 nanoparticles (sample #A and #B) in HMEC-1, as was
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