Engineered PEG–PCL nanoparticles enable sensitive and selective detection of sodium dodecyl sulfate: a qualitative and quantitative analysis

• Soni Prajapati and
• Ranjana Singh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 385–396, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.29

• Soni Prajapati Ranjana Singh Department of Biochemistry, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, India 10.3762/bjnano.16.29 Abstract Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) is a widely used anionic surfactant in laboratory, household, and industrial applications, which ultimately enters the environment

• through various pathways. This has led to significant concerns regarding developing rapid onsite qualitative and quantitative methods for estimating SDS in aqueous solutions. Although a range of high-throughput techniques is currently utilized for SDS quantification, these methods are often expensive

• , labor-intensive, and require specialized technical expertise. This study developed a novel colorimetric method for the selective and sensitive detection of SDS, utilizing polyethylene glycol-polycaprolactone nanoparticles (PEG–PCL NPs) synthesized via a ring-opening polymerization approach. The

Graphene oxide–chloroquine conjugate induces DNA damage in A549 lung cancer cells through autophagy modulation

• Braham Dutt Arya,
• Sandeep Mittal,
• Prachi Joshi,
• Alok Kumar Pandey,
• Jaime E. Ramirez-Vick,
• Govind Gupta and
• Surinder P. Singh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 316–332, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.24

• sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) [36], transferred to a polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) membrane by electroblotting, blocked with casein-blocking buffer (Sigma-Aldrich) for 1 h at room temperature, and incubated with primary antibodies in 1× TBST overnight at 4 °C. On the next day

Fabrication and evaluation of BerNPs regarding the growth and development of Streptococcus mutans

• Tuyen Huu Nguyen,
• Hong Thanh Pham,
• Kieu Kim Thanh Nguyen,
• Loan Hong Ngo,
• Anh Ngoc Tuan Mai,
• Thu Hoang Anh Lam,
• Ngan Thi Kim Phan,
• Dung Tien Pham,
• Duong Thuy Hoang,
• Thuc Dong Nguyen and
• Lien Thi Xuan Truong

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 308–315, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.23

• , ultimately triggering cell death [32]. The findings of Peng et al. on Streptococcus agalactiae indicated that berberine significantly disrupted the cell membrane structure. SDS-PAGE electrophoresis results showed that some protein bands were blurred or absent, suggesting that berberine led to complete or

Dual-functionalized architecture enables stable and tumor cell-specific SiO₂NPs in complex biological fluids

• Iris Renata Sousa Ribeiro,
• Raquel Frenedoso da Silva,
• Romênia Ramos Domingues,
• Adriana Franco Paes Leme and
• Mateus Borba Cardoso

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1238–1252, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.100

• corona formation in cell culture medium and human plasma To verify the adsorption of proteins on the functionalized SiO2NPs, sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) experiment was performed. For this, the nanomaterials (in concentrations of 2 to 5 mg·mL–1) were incubated in

• ) and was repeated four times. Then, Laemmli buffer (1610737, Bio-Rad) containing 50 mM of dithiothreitol (DTT, 1610611, Bio-Rad) was added to the final precipitate, followed by heating at 95 °C for 5 min, and 10 μL of this suspension was applied in a 12% SDS-PAGE gel. The gel was run at a voltage of

• adsorbed on the SiO2NPs, liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used. The proteins were separated in SDS-PAGE as described limiting the protein run to only enter in the beginning of the resolving gel. Then, the gel was stained with Coomassie brilliant blue, and the unique bands

Synthesis, characterization and anticancer effect of doxorubicin-loaded dual stimuli-responsive smart nanopolymers

• Ömür Acet,
• Pavel Kirsanov,
• Burcu Önal Acet,
• Inessa Halets-Bui,
• Dzmitry Shcharbin,
• Şeyda Ceylan Cömert and
• Mehmet Odabaşı

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1189–1196, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.96

• polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), 57.7 mg sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), and 46.9 mg NaHCO3 in 20 mL of water (solution A in Figure 1). For solution B, 0.2 g PVA and 0.2 g SDS were dissolved in 400 mL of water. The organic phase (solution C) was obtained by mixing and dissolving (30 min in a beaker) 0.8 mL 2

Effect of wavelength and liquid on formation of Ag, Au, Ag/Au nanoparticles via picosecond laser ablation and SERS-based detection of DMMP

• Sree Satya Bharati Moram,
• Chandu Byram and
• Venugopal Rao Soma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1054–1069, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.86

• , cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). Their outcomes revealed that the productivity of Ag NPs was higher in acetone, followed by CTAC, water, PVP, and SDS. The order of NP formation efficiency was reported to be acetone >CTAC >water >PVP >SDS. Morphological

Therapeutic effect of F127-folate@PLGA/CHL/IR780 nanoparticles on folate receptor-expressing cancer cells

• Thi Ngoc Han Pham,
• Phuong-Thao Dang-Luong,
• Hong-Phuc Nguyen,
• Loc Le-Tuan,
• Xuan Thang Cao,
• Thanh-Danh Nguyen,
• Vy Tran Anh and
• Hieu Vu_Quang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 954–964, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.78

• F127-folate to enhance their therapeutic efficacy. Size and charge of the nanoparticles PLGA nanoparticles can be synthesized by several methods, such as single emulsion evaporation, double emulsion evaporation, or microfluidics using different surfactants, including PVA, F127, sodium cholate, or SDS

Cholesterol nanoarchaeosomes for alendronate targeted delivery as an anti-endothelial dysfunction agent

• Horacio Emanuel Jerez,
• Yamila Roxana Simioni,
• Kajal Ghosal,
• Maria Jose Morilla and
• Eder Lilia Romero

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 517–534, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.46

• metalloproteases substrate (FS-6), Sephadex G-50, lipopolysaccharides from Escherichia coli 0111:B4 (LPS), Mitochondria Staining Kit (JC-1 dye), valinomycin, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), dexamethasone (DEX), ammonium persulfate, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), gelatin from bovine skin type B, and BSA

• PBS and incubated for 24 h in RPMI medium with 5% SFB. Then 5 μL of 5 mg/mL MTT solution was added to each well. After 4 h of incubation, 90 μL of DMSO and 60 μL of SDS lysis solution (0.3 g/mL SDS pH 1.7) were added to each well and shaken in an orbital shaker at 120 rpm in the darkness for 15 min

Modification of graphene oxide and its effect on properties of natural rubber/graphene oxide nanocomposites

• Nghiem Thi Thuong,
• Le Dinh Quang,
• Vu Quoc Cuong,
• Cao Hong Ha,
• Nguyen Ba Lam and
• Seiichi Kawahara

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 168–179, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.16

• natural rubber latex (HANR, dry rubber content (DRC) 60%) supplied by Dau-Tieng rubber company. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS, 97%) was bought from Nacalai Tesque, Japan. Graphite flake powder (>99% purity) was obtained from Yen-Bai province, Vietnam. The compounds KMnO4, NaNO3 (analytical grade), and TEPA

• agent and SDS as a surfactant. About 80 g of HANR (60% DRC) was incubated with 80 g of water containing 1.6 g of SDS and 0.16 g of urea for 1 h before the 1st centrifugation at 10,000 rpm at 15 °C for 30 min. The cream recovered after centrifugation was redispersed in 80 g of water containing 0.8 g SDS

• and subjected to a 2nd centrifugation under the same condition. The cream fraction was again redispersed in water containing 0.16 g of SDS before the 3rd centrifugation. The final cream was diluted in a certain amount of SDS solution to obtain deproteinized natural rubber (DPNR) with DRC (20%) and SDS

Solvent-induced assembly of mono- and divalent silica nanoparticles

• Bin Liu,
• Etienne Duguet and
• Serge Ravaine

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 52–60, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.6

• %), methacryloxymethyltriethoxysilane (MMS, ABCR, 98%), sodium persulfate (Sigma-Aldrich, 99%), Symperonic® NP30 (Aldrich), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS, Sigma-Aldrich, >90%), tetraethoxysilane (Sigma-Aldrich, 99%), ʟ-arginine (98.5%, Sigma-Aldrich), ammonium hydroxide (28–30% in water, SDS), sodium chloride, (≥99.0%, Sigma-Aldrich

• corresponded to a nominal grafting surface density of 0.7 funct./nm2. Then, MMS-functionalized silica NPs (1.8 × 1016 part/L) were used as seeds for the seed-growth emulsion polymerization of styrene (100 g/L) stabilized by a mixture (3 g/L) of Symperonic® NP30 and SDS (5 wt %) and initiated by 1.3 mL of

Single-step extraction of small-diameter single-walled carbon nanotubes in the presence of riboflavin

• Polina M. Kalachikova,
• Anastasia E. Goldt,
• Eldar M. Khabushev,
• Timofei V. Eremin,
• Timofei S. Zatsepin,
• Elena D. Obraztsova,
• Konstantin V. Larionov,
• Liubov Yu. Antipina,
• Pavel B. Sorokin and
• Albert G. Nasibulin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1564–1571, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.130

• facilitate chirality separation. Conventional surfactants such as sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and sodium deoxycholate (DOC), as well as polyethylene glycol-based compositions, are used to obtain high-quality dispersions of individual SWCNTs [3][4][5][10]. Although given surfactants show exemplary

• transitions of SWCNTs in riboflavin are as prominent as in aqueous SDS solution and remain unaltered even after three months, signifying a high quality of SWCNT dispersion. Such stabilization of individual nanotubes is explained by the interdigitation of noncovalently bonded riboflavin molecules with

• broad diameter distribution. The single-step extraction procedure is based on the gel filtration of SWCNTs dispersions, where manifold interactions between SWCNTs, surfactant molecules, and the polysaccharide gel govern the separation of nanotubes [22]. The classical route of gel filtration utilizes SDS

Rapid and sensitive detection of box turtles using an electrochemical DNA biosensor based on a gold/graphene nanocomposite

• Abu Hashem,
• M. A. Motalib Hossain,
• Ab Rahman Marlinda,
• Mohammad Al Mamun,
• Khanom Simarani and
• Mohd Rafie Johan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1458–1472, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.120

• onto the surface of AuNPs/Gr/SPCE and allowed to dry at room temperature. Next, the surface of AuNPs/Gr/SPCE was rinsed with a 0.5% SDS solution three times to remove unbound DNAs and then three times with ultrapure water. The electrode was denoted as ssBT/AuNPs/Gr/SPCE. Hybridisation of target DNAs A

• with 0.5% SDS and ultrapure water remove non-hybridised DNAs. The modified electrode was denoted as dsDNA/AuNPs/Gr/SPCE. Electrochemical detection of DNAs using methylene blue Methylene blue is a redox compound which binds to hybridised dsDNA. Methylene blue acts as a redox species based on which the

Photothermal ablation of murine melanomas by Fe₃O₄ nanoparticle clusters

• Xue Wang,
• Lili Xuan and
• Ying Pan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 255–264, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.20

• proteins were resolved by SDS-PAGE, transferred to nitrocellulose membranes and blocked with 5% non-fat milk for 1 h at room temperature. After overnight incubation with anti-HSP70 primary antibody (Cell Signaling Technologies, #4872) or anti-ACTB (Cell Signaling Technologies, #4970) at 4 °C, membranes

Tin dioxide nanomaterial-based photocatalysts for nitrogen oxide oxidation: a review

• Viet Van Pham,
• Hong-Huy Tran,
• Thao Kim Truong and
• Thi Minh Cao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 96–113, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.7

• , nanobelts, and nanotubes. These morphologies can be controllably obtained by using polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), sodium dodecyl sulfonate (SDS), cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB), or tetrapropyl ammonium bromide (TPAB) as surfactants in a hydrothermal method [56][57][58][59]. The difference of

Biocompatibility and cytotoxicity in vitro of surface-functionalized drug-loaded spinel ferrite nanoparticles

• Sadaf Mushtaq,
• Khuram Shahzad,
• Tariq Saeed,
• Anwar Ul-Hamid,
• Bilal Haider Abbasi,
• Nafees Ahmad,
• Waqas Khalid,
• Muhammad Atif,
• Zulqurnain Ali and
• Rashda Abbasi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1339–1364, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.99

• Institute (RPMI-1640, 99.9%) medium, GPPS (2 mM ʟ-glutamine, 1 mM Na pyruvate, 100 U/mL penicillin, 100 µg/mL streptomycin, 98%), Triton X-100 (lab grade), Trizma base, trypsin/EDTA (lab grade), sulforhodamine B (dye content 75%), ethidium bromide (lab grade), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS, lab grade), 2',7

Use of nanosystems to improve the anticancer effects of curcumin

• Andrea M. Araya-Sibaja,
• Norma J. Salazar-López,
• Krissia Wilhelm Romero,
• José R. Vega-Baudrit,
• J. Abraham Domínguez-Avila,
• Carlos A. Velázquez Contreras,
• Ramón E. Robles-Zepeda,
• Mirtha Navarro-Hoyos and
• Gustavo A. González-Aguilar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1047–1062, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.78

• ) and with a dissolution capacity of 98% at 4 h (aqueous solution with 1% SDS, at 37 °C, and 100 rpm). Regarding their pharmacokinetics in vivo (rabbits, 25 mg/kg), it was observed that when the nanocrystal was administered via endotracheal insufflation, the average maximum concentration (Cmax) and the

• superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles functionalized with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and coated with chitosan (40–45 nm), were able to induce apoptosis (IC50 30 µg/mL) in HeLa (cervical cancer) cells by damaging the DNA and increasing caspase-3 [136]. Curcumin-loaded, pH-sensitive Janus magnetic mesoporous

Differences in surface chemistry of iron oxide nanoparticles result in different routes of internalization

• Barbora Svitkova,
• Vlasta Zavisova,
• Veronika Nemethova,
• Martina Koneracka,
• Miroslava Kretova,
• Filip Razga,
• Monika Ursinyova and
• Alena Gabelova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 270–281, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.22

• proteins were boiled in Laemmli buffer and separated on a 10% polyacrylamide SDS-PAGE gel. After transfer of proteins onto nitrocellulose membranes the following primary antibodies were used: anti-Clathrin Heavy Chain (P1663) (#2410), anti-Caveolin-1 (#3238), anti-Phospho-Caveolin-1 (Tyr14) (#3251), anti

High permittivity, breakdown strength, and energy storage density of polythiophene-encapsulated BaTiO₃ nanoparticles

• Adnanullah Khan,
• Amir Habib and
• Adeel Afzal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1190–1197, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.103

• nanoparticles. BTO nanoparticles are first dispersed in double-distilled water containing sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS, ACS reagent, ≥99.0%, Sigma Aldrich) and thiophene (Th, synthesis grade 99%, Scharlab, S.L.) monomer through ultrasonication for 1 h. The mass ratio of BTO/Th is adjusted to 9:1. Subsequently

Identification of physicochemical properties that modulate nanoparticle aggregation in blood

• Ludovica Soddu,
• Duong N. Trinh,
• Eimear Dunne,
• Dermot Kenny,
• Giorgia Bernardini,
• Ida Kokalari,
• Arianna Marucco,
• Marco P. Monopoli and
• Ivana Fenoglio

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 550–567, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.44

• were stained in Imperial Protein stain (Thermo Scientific) for 1 h and distained overnight (in ultrapure water). The densitometry analysis was performed using the software ImageJ (NIH). Mass spectrometry analysis The samples were run on a sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS

• same surface area of silica and carbon NPs of three different sizes to an increasing concentration of human plasma, from 10% to 80%, to mimic the in vitro and in vivo conditions, respectively. In Figure 3 the we show the SDS-PAGE gels for the small silica and carbon nanoparticles. The corona

• findings were also in agreement with the SDS-PAGE results where a gel band of 28 kDa was detected only for silica NPs. Other HDL apolipopoproteins including apoA2 and A4 were also more abundant in the silica nanoparticle corona than the carbon one. In contrast to what was observed for silica, fibrinogen

Poly(1-vinylimidazole) polyplexes as novel therapeutic gene carriers for lung cancer therapy

• Gayathri Kandasamy,
• Elena N. Danilovtseva,
• Vadim V. Annenkov and
• Uma Maheswari Krishnan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 354–369, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.26

• incubation for specified periods of time (24 h or 48 h). MTS reagent (20 µL) along with 200 µL of serum-free media was added to each sample well and incubated at 37 °C for 2 h. The reaction was terminated with 10% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) solution. The absorbance was read at 490 nm using a multimode

The different ways to chitosan/hyaluronic acid nanoparticles: templated vs direct complexation. Influence of particle preparation on morphology, cell uptake and silencing efficiency

• Arianna Gennari,
• Julio M. Rios de la Rosa,
• Erwin Hohn,
• Maria Pelliccia,
• Enrique Lallana,
• Roberto Donno,
• Annalisa Tirella and
• Nicola Tirelli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2594–2608, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.250

• of enzymes per 100 µL of final reaction volume, respectively) at 37 °C for 30 min. The nuclease reaction was then quenched with the addition of 7.6 µL of 1.0% SDS (aq). Afterwards, 3 µL of a 0.084 units/µL solution of chitosanase in 50 mM acetate buffer (pH 5.0) were added to the mixture, and the

Lipid nanostructures for antioxidant delivery: a comparative preformulation study

• Elisabetta Esposito,
• Maddalena Sguizzato,
• Markus Drechsler,
• Paolo Mariani,
• Federica Carducci,
• Claudio Nastruzzi,
• Giuseppe Valacchi and
• Rita Cortesi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1789–1801, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.174

• 10% sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel (SDS-PAGE) and then transferred onto nitrocellulose membranes. Blots were blocked in PBS containing 0.5% Tween 20 and 5% not-fat milk (BioRad). The membranes were incubated overnight at 4 °C with the appropriate primary antibody HO-1 (Abcam, Cambridge, UK

Serum type and concentration both affect the protein-corona composition of PLGA nanoparticles

• Katrin Partikel,
• Robin Korte,
• Dennis Mulac,
• Hans-Ulrich Humpf and
• Klaus Langer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1002–1015, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.101

• around poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) NPs at different serum concentrations using two substantially different serum types, namely fetal bovine serum (FBS) and human serum. The corona was characterized by means of sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), Bradford protein

• concentration. On PLGA NPs incubated with either FBS or human serum a clear difference in qualitative corona protein composition was identified by SDS-PAGE and LC–MS/MS in combination with bioinformatic protein classification. In the case of human serum a considerable change in corona composition was observed

• complexes from excess serum proteins we used sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), zeta potential measurements, and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) to study the composition of adsorbed proteins in detail. A quantitative analysis of corona

Effects of gold and PCL- or PLLA-coated silica nanoparticles on brain endothelial cells and the blood–brain barrier

• Aniela Bittner,
• Angélique D. Ducray,
• Hans Rudolf Widmer,
• Michael H. Stoffel and
• Meike Mevissen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 941–954, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.95

• confluence before extracting protein as described previously [9]. Equal amounts of protein from each sample were loaded and separated on 10% to 16% SDS-PAGE gels and subsequently transferred onto PVDF membranes. The membranes were blocked for 2 h in blocking solution (5% milk in PBS and 0.2% Tween), then

An iridescent film of porous anodic aluminum oxide with alternatingly electrodeposited Cu and SiO₂ nanoparticles

• Menglei Chang,
• Huawen Hu,
• Haiyan Quan,
• Hongyang Wei,
• Zhangyi Xiong,
• Jiacong Lu,
• Pin Luo,
• Yaoheng Liang,
• Jianzhen Ou and
• Dongchu Chen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 735–745, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.73

• structural colors with high stabilities for a wide range of applications such as colorful case shells of electronic devices, automobile bodies, and anti-counterfeiting labels. Experimental Materials The 6063 aluminum alloy was adopted as substrate. Tetraethoxysilane and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS, used as a

• min and then thoroughly washed with DI water. Before stored for later use, the sample was blow-dried. The alkaline solution was composed of NaOH (40.0 g), SDS (1.0 g) and DI water (1.0 L), while the acidic solution consisted of sulfuric acid solution (40%) and nitric acid solution (10%). Anodization