Effect of additives on the synthesis efficiency of nanoparticles by laser-induced reduction

• Rikuto Kuroda,
• Takahiro Nakamura,
• Hideki Ina and
• Shuhei Shibata

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 464–472, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.35

• by laser irradiation is low. We also investigated the effect of other additives other than IPA as radical scavengers. Figure 4 shows the change in absorbance at a wavelength of 520 nm in UV–vis absorption spectra of an Au solution with IPA, ethanol, and glycerin during laser irradiation. In all cases

• , the reaction finishing time was shorter than that of the solution without additives. When ethanol was used, the reaction finishing time was almost the same in the case of IPA, but when glycerin was used, the nanoparticle synthesis efficiency was improved by 1.6 times. Therefore, compared to the case

• without additives, the efficiency of nanoparticle synthesis increased by a factor of about 9 (Au nanoparticle synthesis efficiency in the current system: 160 mg/h) when glycerin was added. We think that the radicals produced by reacting with hydroxyl radicals are stabilized by hyperconjugation with the

Synthetic-polymer-assisted antisense oligonucleotide delivery: targeted approaches for precision disease treatment

• Ana Cubillo Alvarez,
• Dylan Maguire and
• Ruairí P. Brannigan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 435–463, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.34

Enhancing mechanical properties of chitosan/PVA electrospun nanofibers: a comprehensive review

• Nur Areisman Mohd Salleh,
• Amalina Muhammad Afifi,
• Fathiah Mohamed Zuki and
• Hanna Sofia SalehHudin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 286–307, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.22

• modifications and structural modifications. Material modifications include mixing with other polymers, plasticizers, and additives [155], as well as surface modification [156] and post-treatment processes such as cross-linking and heat treatment [157]. Structural modifications encompass fiber alignment

A review of metal-organic frameworks and polymers in mixed matrix membranes for CO₂ capture

• Charlotte Skjold Qvist Christensen,
• Nicholas Hansen,
• Mahboubeh Motadayen,
• Nina Lock,
• Martin Lahn Henriksen and
• Jonathan Quinson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 155–186, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.14

• balance both membrane permeability and selectivity while achieving better overall stability. This is achieved through the addition of inorganic fillers into organic membrane matrices leading to MMM systems. Nevertheless, incorporating inorganic additives into organic polymer membranes is complex

• additives that enhance the adhesion between MOFs and the polymer matrix can be used to improve the MOF–polymer interface. For example, Lin et al. [132] utilized [Emim][Tf2N], an ionic liquid (IL), as an interfacial binder between micrometer-sized HKUST-1 and 6FDA-Durene polymer, see Figure 8e. The

Theoretical study of the electronic and optical properties of a composite formed by the zeolite NaA and a magnetite cluster

• Joel Antúnez-García,
• Roberto Núñez-González,
• Vitalii Petranovskii,
• H’Linh Hmok,
• Armando Reyes-Serrato,
• Fabian N. Murrieta-Rico,
• Mufei Xiao and
• Jonathan Zamora

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 44–53, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.5

• fewer studies on the cytotoxicity of nanoparticles on zeolite carriers than other mesoporous matrices, most articles report low cytotoxicity of zeolites. Zeolites are classified as “Safe Substances for Food and Feed Additives” by the European Food Safety Authorities [49] and are “Generally Recognized as

Natural nanofibers embedded in the seed mucilage envelope: composite hydrogels with specific adhesive and frictional properties

• Agnieszka Kreitschitz and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1603–1618, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.126

• branches because of their natural origin and biodegradability. They are used, for example, for paper production, as food additives, in biofilms, and in the production of packing materials and aerogels [15][18][20][21][22]. However, little is known about the structural properties of CNFs, and they require

Electrospun nanofibers: building blocks for the repair of bone tissue

• Tuğrul Mert Serim,
• Gülin Amasya,
• Tuğba Eren-Böncü,
• Ceyda Tuba Şengel-Türk and
• Ayşe Nurten Özdemir

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 941–953, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.77

• polymer and drug, (iii) hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity of polymer and drug, (iv) properties of additives, (v) morphology of the system (e.g., porosity), and (vi) drug loading [4]. The aim of nanofiber production may be to provide the release of active material with zeroth-order kinetics after the burst

• additives in the nanofiber matrix cause an increase in the release of active material through the water-filled pores in the system [4][94][95]. Pores are created in the eroded polymeric structure and accelerate the release rates [32]. Formulation components of polymeric nanofibers The basic components of

A review on the structural characterization of nanomaterials for nano-QSAR models

• Salvador Moncho,
• Eva Serrano-Candelas,
• Jesús Vicente de Julián-Ortiz and
• Rafael Gozalbes

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 854–866, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.71

• indicate the absence or presence of a certain condition such as centrifugation, stirring, sonication, dispersion, or presence of additives [17][39][65][87]. Numerical descriptors used to encode the test environments include the ionic strength [17], the amount of organic matter [17], and the pH value. More

Electrospun polysuccinimide scaffolds containing different salts as potential wound dressing material

• Veronika Pálos,
• Krisztina S. Nagy,
• Rita Pázmány,
• Krisztina Juriga-Tóth,
• Bálint Budavári,
• Judit Domokos,
• Dóra Szabó,
• Ákos Zsembery and
• Angela Jedlovszky-Hajdu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 781–796, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.65

• they are flexible, variable in weight, have excellent biocompatibility, are resistant to biochemical degradation, and have suitable physical and mechanical characteristics. Moreover, they can be formed to the desired shape [6]. It is also worth mentioning that different drugs or other additives can be

• (chitosan–silicone hybrid) fibers were made with zinc additives. They found that the scaffold had antibacterial activity against S. aureus, B. subtillis, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa bacterial strains [71]. Colinas et al. examined Zn-based coordination polymers in broth dilution and agar diffusion tests, and

Laser synthesis of nanoparticles in organic solvents – products, reactions, and perspectives

• Theo Fromme,
• Sven Reichenberger,
• Katharine M. Tibbetts and
• Stephan Barcikowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 638–663, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.54

• generation of inorganic particles is a physicochemical approach that claims to synthesize particles without surfactants or molecular additives. In contrast to other approaches of nanoparticle synthesis, LSPC only requires the neat (elemental) target materials while no other precursors or ligand exchange

• an accumulation of anions in the Helmholtz layer indicated by zeta potential measurements. Scaramuzza et al., in contrast, investigated non-ionic additives and their influence on structure and composition during the ablation of metastable AuFe alloys [20]. They used ethanol and water as solvents and

• added different additives. In the case of gaseous additives (nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and argon), they saturated the solution by bubbling. Further additives were 0.3 vol % hydrogen peroxide and 0.2 vol % water (for ethanol only). Depending on the chosen additive, they found a different degree of

CdSe/ZnS quantum dots as a booster in the active layer of distributed ternary organic photovoltaics

• Gabriela Lewińska,
• Piotr Jeleń,
• Zofia Kucia,
• Maciej Sitarz,
• Łukasz Walczak,
• Bartłomiej Szafraniak,
• Jerzy Sanetra and
• Konstanty W. Marszalek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 144–156, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.14

• wavelengths. The maximum refractive indices values for layers with QDs were lower than those for pure P3HT:PC71BM. An increase in the roughness of the active layers with additives used in ternary solar cells was determined using surface morphology studies. The HOMO and LUMO levels of the studied nanodots were

Study of the reusability and stability of nylon nanofibres as an antibody immobilisation surface

• Inés Peraile,
• Matilde Gil-García,
• Laura González-López,
• Nushin A. Dabbagh-Escalante,
• Juan C. Cabria-Ramos and
• Paloma Lorenzo-Lozano

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 83–94, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.8

• surrogate. FITC-labelled sheep polyclonal antibody against BSA was purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. The blocking buffer was phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) with casein (Pierce). Solvents and additives were purchased from Aldrich (Spain). PBS was purchased from Fisher Scientific. Nanofiber

Fluorescent bioinspired albumin/polydopamine nanoparticles and their interactions with Escherichia coli cells

• Eloïse Equy,
• Jordana Hirtzel,
• Sophie Hellé,
• Béatrice Heurtault,
• Eric Mathieu,
• Morgane Rabineau,
• Vincent Ball and
• Lydie Ploux

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1208–1224, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.100

• ]. These properties can even be controlled by an external signal [17][18][19]. PDA NPs are formed upon oxidation in dopamine (DA) solutions with additives such as surfactants, polyelectrolytes, and proteins [14]. Eumelanin-like NPs with a diameter less than 20 nm have been obtained by this method. The

• aromatic ring of dopamine (Figure 1c). For this, K and E residues must be next to each other. Even a single glycine residue (G) located between K and E can destabilize the aggregates [13]. Among such possible additives, the albumin protein is an interesting candidate since it contains one KE diad and is

Silver nanoparticles loaded on lactose/alginate: in situ synthesis, catalytic degradation, and pH-dependent antibacterial activity

• Nguyen Thi Thanh Tu,
• T. Lan-Anh Vo,
• T. Thu-Trang Ho,
• Kim-Phuong T. Dang,
• Van-Dung Le,
• Phan Nhat Minh,
• Chi-Hien Dang,
• Vinh-Thien Tran,
• Van-Su Dang,
• Tran Thi Kim Chi,
• Hieu Vu-Quang,
• Radek Fajgar,
• Thi-Lan-Huong Nguyen,
• Van-Dat Doan and
• Thanh-Danh Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 781–792, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.64

• antibacterial activity [38]. In this study, we prepared a nanocomposite, Lac/Alg, to stabilize AgNPs without any additives, utilizing lactose as a reducing agent. The resulting nanocomposite AgNPs@Lac/Alg was used for the catalytic degradation of toxic dyes and investigated regarding its pH-dependent

• additives. The formation of AgNPs was confirmed by a change in the color of the colloidal solution. To find the optimal reaction conditions, the synthesis of the nanocomposite was carried out while varying the reaction conditions, such as temperature, reaction time, and ratio of Ag+ to blank composite

Nanoarchitectonics to entrap living cells in silica-based systems: encapsulations with yolk–shell and sepiolite nanomaterials

• Celia Martín-Morales,
• Jorge Fernández-Méndez,
• Pilar Aranda and
• Eduardo Ruiz-Hitzky

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 522–534, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.43

• alginate of medium viscosity, CaCl2·2H2O (99%), medium molecular weight chitosan, and BG-11 culture medium have been purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Protamine sulfate and PBS buffer (biochemistry grade) have been supplied by Thermo Scientific. Commercial food-grade apple juice (Granini) without additives has

Evaluation of electrosynthesized reduced graphene oxide–Ni/Fe/Co-based (oxy)hydroxide catalysts towards the oxygen evolution reaction

• Karolina Cysewska,
• Marcin Łapiński,
• Marcin Zając,
• Jakub Karczewski,
• Piotr Jasiński and
• Sebastian Molin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 420–433, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.34

• CoNiFe-GO were fabricated without any additives directly on the nickel foam substrate. A significant improvement of the OER activity was observed after combining NiFe with GO (OER overpotential η(10 mA·cm−2): 210 mV) compared to NiFe (η: 235 mV) and GO (η: 320 mV) alone. A different OER activity was

• mainly on chemically synthesized catalysts, which usually required post-processing and some additives (e.g. Nafion) to form an ink to produce an OER electrode. This, in turn, significantly affects the final structure and electrocatalytic performance of the electrode. Therefore, in this work, the

• additives that could interfere with the structural and electrochemical measurements. The effects of the addition of GO to NiFe and CoNiFe on their morphological, structural, and OER electrocatalytic properties were studied. The role of GO and metallic species in the OER electrocatalytic process is discussed

Quercetin- and caffeic acid-functionalized chitosan-capped colloidal silver nanoparticles: one-pot synthesis, characterization, and anticancer and antibacterial activities

• Akif Hakan Kurt,
• Elif Berna Olutas,
• Fatma Avcioglu,
• Hamza Karakuş,
• Mehmet Ali Sungur,
• Cansu Kara Oztabag and
• Muhammet Yıldırım

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 362–376, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.31

• the direct interaction of Ag NPs with the cell lines was examined. In future studies, it will be valuable to examine the effect of additives that increase the stability of NPs and prevent their aggregation. Moreover, the antibacterial activity of synthesized nanoparticles, Ch/Q- and Ch/CA-Ag NPs, were

Cyclodextrins as eminent constituents in nanoarchitectonics for drug delivery systems

• Makoto Komiyama

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 218–232, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.21

• is a promising antiviral drug for the treatment of COVID-19. However, this compound is poorly soluble in aqueous media and chemically unstable. In order to solve these problems, CyDs were employed as additives [105][106]. This is an extension of classical applications of CyD. Alternatively, the

Single-step extraction of small-diameter single-walled carbon nanotubes in the presence of riboflavin

• Polina M. Kalachikova,
• Anastasia E. Goldt,
• Eldar M. Khabushev,
• Timofei V. Eremin,
• Timofei S. Zatsepin,
• Elena D. Obraztsova,
• Konstantin V. Larionov,
• Liubov Yu. Antipina,
• Pavel B. Sorokin and
• Albert G. Nasibulin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1564–1571, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.130

• -resolution imaging of specific tissues [29]. Notably, single-step extraction of carbon nanotubes in an aqueous media without surfactants or organic additives can significantly shorten the path from industrial or laboratory reactors to in vitro and in vivo biomedical research and further. Conclusion We

Studies of probe tip materials by atomic force microscopy: a review

• Ke Xu and
• Yuzhe Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1256–1267, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.104

• oligonucleotide polymorphism typing for early disease diagnosis. To achieve quantitative detection of pathogenic microorganisms and illegal additives in food, Huang et al. [55] established a method for quantitative detection of CAP by immunochromatographic techniques based on background fluorescent burst probes

Bioselectivity of silk protein-based materials and their bio-inspired applications

• Hendrik Bargel,
• Vanessa T. Trossmann,
• Christoph Sommer and
• Thomas Scheibel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 902–921, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.81

• distinguished according to their basic defense mechanism. These are (A) surface topography, which disturbs and inhibits the initial adhesion based on morphological features, (B) material modification, where intrinsic chemical and physical properties result in microbe-repellence, and (C) additives and coatings

Zinc oxide nanostructures for fluorescence and Raman signal enhancement: a review

• Ioana Marica,
• Fran Nekvapil,
• Maria Ștefan,
• Cosmin Farcău and
• Alexandra Falamaș

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 472–490, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.40

• photochemical reduction [32], pulsed laser-induced photolysis [38], or controlled decoration with Ag NPs using an electroless plating technique [44]. Photochemical synthesis permits the control of nucleation and growth rate without using organic additives. Xu et al. employed laser irradiation of ZnO nanorods in

• main electromagnetic “hot spots” that generated enhanced Raman signal. An EF of 106–107 was obtained for rhodamine 6G peaks [34]. Shape-controlled nanostructured Au–ZnO substrates obtained by photochemical reduction using various additives presented variable SERS intensities for rhodamine 6G detection

A non-enzymatic electrochemical hydrogen peroxide sensor based on copper oxide nanostructures

• Irena Mihailova,
• Vjaceslavs Gerbreders,
• Marina Krasovska,
• Eriks Sledevskis,
• Valdis Mizers,
• Andrejs Bulanovs and
• Andrejs Ogurcovs

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 424–436, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.35

• mechanical stability, and can, thus, be easily damaged during production, storage, and measurement. These disadvantages can be avoided by using an in situ growth process of CuO nanostructures directly on a copper substrate, in the presence of certain surfactants or additives. This method makes it possible to

A chemiresistive sensor array based on polyaniline nanocomposites and machine learning classification

• Jiri Kroutil,
• Alexandr Laposa,
• Ali Ahmad,
• Jan Voves,
• Vojtech Povolny,
• Ladislav Klimsa,
• Marina Davydova and
• Miroslav Husak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 411–423, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.34

• analysis. Further, statistical classification analysis was implemented for the evaluation of target gases. Scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy The surface morphology and uniformity of additives in PANI of the deposited active layers were examined by scanning electron microscopy (TESCAN

• FERA3 GM), as shown in Figure 1a–h. All nanocomposite active layers, that is, PANI/ZnO, PANI/WO3 (nanopowder), PANI/WO3 (nanowires), PANI/In2O3, PANI/C60, PANI/NCD, and PANI/BaTiO3 have similar morphological features with a uniform distribution of additives in polyaniline. We can observe small ZnO

• mg additives (zinc oxide, two forms of tungsten oxide, indium oxide, fullerene, NCD, and barium titanate) in 2 mL xylene. Table 3 shows properties of the used additives. The prepared solutions were mixed in a shaker for 30 min and subsequently ultrasonicated for 30 min. Finally, the obtained

Alcohol-perturbed self-assembly of the tobacco mosaic virus coat protein

• Ismael Abu-Baker and
• Amy Szuchmacher Blum

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 355–362, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.30

• presence of different alcohol additives. (A) 5.0 mol % methanol; (B) 10.0 mol % methanol; (C) 3.5 mol % isopropyl alcohol. Orange arrows indicate long rod species. PyMOL [47] schematic showing (A) one face of the disk and (B) the side view of two layers of the disk. Hydrophobic residues are coloured in red