Structure-dependent thermochromism of PAZO thin films: theory and experiment

• Georgi Mateev,
• Dean Dimov,
• Nataliya Berberova-Buhova,
• Nikoleta Kircheva,
• Todor Dudev,
• Ludmila Nikolova,
• Elena Stoykova,
• Keehoon Hong,
• Dimana Nazarova,
• Silvia Angelova and
• Lian Nedelchev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 186–199, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.12

• , optoelectronics, memory devices, and sensors [12]. The birefringence phenomenon results from multiple cycles of trans–cis–trans (E–Z–E) photoisomerization stimulated by the polarized light impact [13][14][15][16]. The E–Z–E transitions lead to an alignment of the photoreactive azo chromophores perpendicularly

Safe and sustainable by design with ML/AI: A transformative approach to advancing nanotechnology

• Georgia Melagraki

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 176–185, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.11

• , and safety concerns. Bringing together toxicologists, materials scientists, engineers, and policymakers would support the alignment of SSbD strategies with evolving legislative requirements, including classification and labelling regulations for chemical substances, including facilitating the

Development and in vitro evaluation of liposomes and immunoliposomes containing 5-fluorouracil and R-phycoerythrin as a potential phototheranostic system for colorectal cancer

• Raissa Rodrigues Camelo,
• Vivianne Cortez Sombra Vandesmet,
• Octavio Vital Baccallini,
• José de Brito Vieira Neto,
• Thais da Silva Moreira,
• Luzia Kalyne Almeida Moreira Leal,
• Claudia Pessoa,
• Daniel Giuliano Cerri,
• Maria Vitória Lopes Badra Bentley,
• Josimar O. Eloy,
• Ivanildo José da Silva Júnior and
• Raquel Petrilli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 97–121, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.7

• analyses were done by using the Gwyddion software. Each z-axis (height) of the image was previously processed to level it, which included shifting the minimum data value to zero, mean plane subtraction, and row alignment using the median of the differences function. After these steps, the statistical

Functional surface engineering for cultural heritage protection: the role of superhydrophobic and superoleophobic coatings – a comprehensive review

• Giuseppe Cesare Lama,
• Marino Lavorgna,
• Letizia Verdolotti,
• Federica Recupido,
• Giovanna Giuliana Buonocore and
• Bharat Bhushan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 63–96, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.6

Subdigital integumentary microstructure in Cyrtodactylus (Squamata: Gekkota): do those lineages with incipiently expressed toepads exclusively exhibit adhesive setae?

• Philipp Ginal,
• Yannick Ecker,
• Timothy Higham,
• L. Lee Grismer,
• Benjamin Wipfler,
• Dennis Rödder,
• Anthony Russell and
• Jendrian Riedel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 38–56, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.4

• ]), and the seta-bearing C. seribuatensis, in accord with the reconstructed evolution of the microstructure types. There is, however, also considerable variation in effective bending stiffness in the spine/prong-group, such that there is neither good alignment with microstructure type nor with ecotype or

Quantitative estimation of nanoparticle/substrate adhesion by atomic force microscopy

• Aydan Çiçek,
• Markus Kratzer,
• Christian Teichert and
• Christian Mitterer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 1–14, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.1

• cantilever deflection as well as torsional spring constant [39]. However, errors can arise due to the sensitivity of the PSPD to laser alignment and a few micrometers offset from the tip shear center, leading to erroneous determination of the cantilever torsion loop offset. As a result, there is very low

Improving magnetic properties of Mn- and Zn-doped core–shell iron oxide nanoparticles by tuning their size

• Dounia Louaguef,
• Ghouti Medjahdi,
• Sébastien Diliberto,
• Klaus M. Seemann,
• Thomas Gries,
• Joelle Bizeau,
• Damien Mertz,
• Eric Gaffet and
• Halima Alem

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2285–2295, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.157

• ± 1.7, and 45.0 ± 1.2 nm exhibited Ms values of 0.012, 0.031, 0.12, and 7 A·m2·kg−1, respectively (Table 3). Similar trends have been reported in the literature, where larger particle sizes lead to higher Ms values due to the reduction of surface spin canting and the improved alignment of magnetic

Optical bio/chemical sensors for vitamin B₁₂ analysis in food and pharmaceuticals: state of the art, challenges, and future outlooks

• Seyed Mohammad Taghi Gharibzahedi and
• Zeynep Altintas

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2207–2244, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.153

Quality by design optimization of microemulsions for topical delivery of Passiflora setacea seed oil

• Daniel T. Pereira,
• Douglas Dourado,
• Danielle T. Freire,
• Dayanne L. Porto,
• Cícero F. S. Aragão,
• Myla L. de Souza,
• Guilherme R. S. de Araujo,
• Ana Maria Costa,
• Wógenes N. Oliveira,
• Anne Sapin-Minet,
• Éverton N. Alencar and
• Eryvaldo Sócrates T. Egito

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2116–2131, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.146

• at similar concentrations (13.2% of PEG-30 castor oil and 1.8% of Span® 80), for curcumin delivery in a Miglyol® 812N (medium chain triglycerides) oil phase. These findings support the feasibility of developing microemulsions with reduced surfactant content, in alignment with safety considerations

• microemulsion, was produced and characterized to confirm its quality and alignment with the CQAs. On the first day post-production, the formulation exhibited a hydrodynamic diameter of approximately 22.0 nm and a PdI of 0.14, both of which fall within the acceptable CQA criteria. The stability of the system was

Rapid synthesis of highly monodisperse AgSbS₂ nanocrystals: unveiling multifaceted activities in cancer therapy, antibacterial strategies, and antioxidant defense

• Funda Ulusu,
• Adem Sarilmaz,
• Yakup Ulusu,
• Faruk Ozel and
• Mahmut Kus

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2105–2115, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.145

• , indicating robust crystallization. Moreover, the presence of prominent peaks aligning with (220), (311), (420), and (511) planes confirmed alignment with XRD results. Furthermore, utilizing particle size distribution analysis, the crystallite size of average particles was estimated, as illustrated in the

Toward clinical translation of carbon nanomaterials in anticancer drug delivery: the need for standardisation

• Michał Bartkowski,
• Francesco Calzaferri and
• Silvia Giordani

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2092–2104, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.144

• to ensure alignment. Ensuring patient safety demands comprehensive preclinical studies evaluating toxicity and pharmacological profiles. Demonstrating efficacy similarly requires well-designed animal studies to assess therapeutic outcomes. Scalable and reproducible manufacturing is essential for

Calibration of piezo actuators and systems by dynamic interferometry

• Knarik Khachatryan and
• Michael Reichling

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2086–2091, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.143

• context of NC-AFM using the interferometric concepts of Michelson and Fabry–Perot interferometers [14][15]. Both interferometers rely on the precise alignment of a single-mode optical fiber delivering the light and receiving the optical signal generated in the optical cavity formed by the cantilever and

• long as the respective stabilization loop of interferometer alignment is active [16], this adjustment is maintained even in the presence of drift or piezo creep by the automatic adjustment of the voltage applied between the fiber tube piezo inner electrode and the common potential of the tube piezo

• interferometer is forced back to the initial condition of perfect alignment before each run of amplitude calibration. To allow for piezo relaxation after significant extension or retraction, a waiting time of 10 min has been applied between the change in and the following calibration measurement. The amplitude

The cement of the tube-dwelling polychaete Sabellaria alveolata: a complex composite adhesive material

• Emilie Duthoo,
• Aurélie Lambert,
• Pierre Becker,
• Carla Pugliese,
• Jean-Marc Baele,
• Arnaud Delfairière,
• Matthew J. Harrington and
• Patrick Flammang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1998–2014, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.138

• transmission electron microscope. Identification and characterization of new adhesive protein and kinase candidates Local basic local alignment search tool (BLAST) searches were performed in the transcriptome of the anterior part of S. alveolata [26] using the adhesive protein sequences of P. californica from

• sequences from P. californica proteins were used as queries for BLAST searches in the transcriptome of S. alveolata to identify new adhesive proteins. However, as previous studies have shown, limited percentages of identity in the alignment of these proteins made it difficult to find homologues [7][31

• in the European species as there are limited percentages of identity in the alignment of their adhesive proteins with those of P. californica. Sa-5 is overexpressed in the worm’s parathoracic region but it could not be localized by in situ hybridization. Its involvement in the cement therefore

Low-temperature AFM with a microwave cavity optomechanical transducer

• Ermes Scarano,
• Elisabet K. Arvidsson,
• August K. Roos,
• Erik Holmgren,
• Riccardo Borgani,
• Mats O. Tholén and
• David B. Haviland

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1873–1882, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.130

• causing significant wideband mechanical vibrations, which can propagate through the cold stages down to the measurement apparatus. However, force sensors with integrated position detectors, as the one presented in this work, do not require free-space optical alignment with a long optical path length. They

On the road to sustainability – application of metallic nanoparticles obtained by green synthesis in dentistry: a scoping review

• Lorena Pinheiro Vasconcelos Silva,
• Joice Catiane Soares Martins,
• Israel Luís Carvalho Diniz,
• Júlio Abreu Miranda,
• Danilo Rodrigues de Souza,
• Éverton do Nascimento Alencar,
• Moan Jéfter Fernandes Costa and
• Pedro Henrique Sette-de-Souza

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1851–1862, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.128

• stringent regulatory oversight. The prominent use of silver and zinc oxide nanoparticles, produced through environmentally sustainable phytochemical-mediated synthesis, underscores a convergence of advanced antimicrobial functionality, enhanced biocompatibility, and alignment with global sustainability

Piezoelectricity of layered double hydroxides: perspectives regarding piezocatalysis and nanogenerators

• Evgeniy S. Seliverstov,
• Evgeniya A. Tarasenko and
• Olga E. Lebedeva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1812–1817, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.124

• and external stress, leading to increased current generation and reactive oxygen species production. The authors proposed that the piezoelectric field of LDHs facilitates the separation of photo-induced electron–hole pairs and modulates band alignment, thereby synergistically enhancing the piezo

Ambient pressure XPS at MAX IV

• Mattia Scardamaglia,
• Ulrike Küst,
• Alexander Klyushin,
• Rosemary Jones,
• Jan Knudsen,
• Robert Temperton,
• Andrey Shavorskiy and
• Esko Kokkonen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1677–1694, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.118

• position. (B) Magnitude of the Fourier transform as a function of frequency and binding energy. (C) Oscillation amplitude and phase at the fundamental frequency (10 Hz), together with the time average of the spectra. (D) Magnified oscillation amplitude. Schematic layout showing the alignment between

Bioinspired polypropylene-based functionally graded materials and metamaterials modeling the mistletoe–host interface

• Lina M. Rojas González,
• Naeim Ghavidelnia,
• Christoph Eberl and
• Max D. Mylo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1592–1606, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.113

• and the glass fibers [42][43]. All scans reveal the random orientation of the glass fibers in the PP matrix, with small areas of identical orientation being explained by the fiber alignment in the raw pellets (Figure 4C). Some distinct bright areas are visible at the edges of the specimen (Figure 4B

• isotropic orientations [48]. An anisotropic fiber orientation along the direction of tensile testing increases the Young’s modulus compared to an isotropic alignment [49], which also explains why the difference between the pure PP and the glass fiber-reinforced polymer was rather small in our specimens. The

• ). Overall, the diagonal beams exhibited higher strains than the horizontal beams, and it was the diagonal beams that failed first in all specimens due to the alignment of these beams to the vertical loading direction of the specimens. In the triangular metamaterial, the PPGF beams broke first, while, in the

Laser processing in liquids: insights into nanocolloid generation and thin film integration for energy, photonic, and sensing applications

• Akshana Parameswaran Sreekala,
• Pooja Raveendran Nair,
• Jithin Kundalam Kadavath,
• Bindu Krishnan,
• David Avellaneda Avellaneda,
• M. R. Anantharaman and
• Sadasivan Shaji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1428–1498, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.104

The role of biochar in combating microplastic pollution: a bibliometric analysis in environmental contexts

• Tuan Minh Truong Dang,
• Thao Thu Thi Huynh,
• Guo-Ping Chang-Chien and
• Ha Manh Bui

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1401–1416, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.102

• multifunctionality presents a promising approach for mitigation. Nonetheless, further research is required to bridge the gap between laboratory-scale studies and real-world applications, ensuring technological feasibility, economic viability, and alignment with future regulatory frameworks. Conclusion and Future

Ferroptosis induction by engineered liposomes for enhanced tumor therapy

• Alireza Ghasempour,
• Mohammad Amin Tokallou,
• Mohammad Reza Naderi Allaf,
• Mohsen Moradi,
• Hamideh Dehghan,
• Mahsa Sedighi,
• Mohammad-Ali Shahbazi and
• Fahimeh Lavi Arab

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1325–1349, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.97

Deep-learning recognition and tracking of individual nanotubes in low-contrast microscopy videos

• Vladimir Pimonov,
• Said Tahir and
• Vincent Jourdain

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1316–1324, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.96

• -Flash4.0 LT) with maximum acquisition rate up to 40 frames per second (fps). Video processing To extract kinetic data from each nanotube, the raw videos were first processed to enhance contrast. The detailed processing methodology is provided in Supporting Information File 1. In short, after alignment the

• more stochastic rate changes, or even growth–shrinkage switches separated by pauses [20]. In both cases, the close alignment of distribution centers, overlapping standard deviations, and similar overall profiles of the kinetic parameters extracted manually (MR) and via AI-assisted tracking confirm the

Deep learning for enhancement of low-resolution and noisy scanning probe microscopy images

• Samuel Gelman,
• Irit Rosenhek-Goldian,
• Nir Kampf,
• Marek Patočka,
• Maricarmen Rios,
• Marcos Penedo,
• Georg Fantner,
• Amir Beker,
• Sidney R. Cohen and
• Ido Azuri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1129–1140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.83

• formed from silicon nitride (NanoWorld). Images were subject to plane leveling and alignment using Gwyddion 2.62, an open-source software for SPM data analysis [40]. The Gwyddion files were converted to Python .npy files for input to the computational pipeline. Computational Pipeline The research aims to

• ), perform alignment along all images (Image alignment), and finally assess the quality of the algorithms using reference and no-reference metrics as well as an expert survey (Metrics) followed by statistical analysis (Statistical analysis). Image normalization The AFM images had a single height channel in

• into greyscale images. The high-resolution GT images were also normalized and converted to values ranging from 0 to 255. Image alignment During the AFM image capture, the low-resolution and high-resolution GT image pairs were taken sequentially over the same area of the sample, resulting in a high

Towards a quantitative theory for transmission X-ray microscopy

• James G. McNally,
• Christoph Pratsch,
• Stephan Werner,
• Stefan Rehbein,
• Andrew Gibbs,
• Jihao Wang,
• Thomas Lunkenbein,
• Peter Guttmann and
• Gerd Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1113–1128, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.82

• alignment of the focal-plane series to correct for stage jitter using larger 270 nm gold shells that were also included in the sample, plus correction for temporal fluctuations in the X-ray light source occuring during collection of the focal-plane series. Other than these basic corrections for jitter and

• rectangle in (a), which includes several of the 270 nm gold shells that are essential for good alignment of the stack. Plane-to-plane variation in the X-ray illumination (flicker) was corrected by normalizing the sum of intensities in each plane to a constant (d). A false-color scale

Soft materials nanoarchitectonics: liquid crystals, polymers, gels, biomaterials, and others

• Katsuhiko Ariga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1025–1067, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.77

• self-organization at the molecular film level offers significant potential for a range of applications. The precise separation and alignment of π-conjugated discotic liquid crystal molecular nanowires represents an attractive area of research. Kumar, Nayak, and colleagues investigated an approach to

• alignment, from vertical to planar. Subsequently, exposure to oxygen oxidizes the adsorbed hydrogen, reforming the adsorbed oxygen on the Pd/Au surface and restoring the liquid crystal to its initial alignment. The motion of the liquid crystal can be controlled by exposure to gas mixtures of H2 and O2 with

• between the phosphate groups of the complexes and the positively charged ammonium groups of the polyelectrolyte. The alignment of lamellae in a parallel orientation to the substrate is significantly influenced by the percentage of surfactant present. An increase in surfactant concentration results in the