Characterization of ion track-etched conical nanopores in thermal and PECVD SiO₂ using small angle X-ray scattering

• Shankar Dutt,
• Rudradeep Chakraborty,
• Christian Notthoff,
• Pablo Mota-Santiago,
• Christina Trautmann and
• Patrick Kluth

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 899–909, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.68

• precision in determining the pore morphologies [29][40]. The method involved fitting two-dimensional (2D) scattering patterns to a conical pore model utilizing a series of images with different tilts of the sample with respect to the incident X-ray beam, corresponding to the alignment of the parallel pores

• both the sample-to-detector distance and beam center positions. Exposure times ranged from 2 to 10 s, with samples mounted on a three-axis goniometer for precise alignment with the incident X-ray beam. Detailed information regarding alignment, tilts, measurements, geometry, and 2D analysis procedures

• refined values as starting points for simultaneously fitting multiple vertical cuts, treating the tilt angle as a variable to account for the imperfect alignment of the cones with the incoming X-rays. It should be noted that the difference in different tilt angles is fixed and known for different

Synthesis and magnetic transitions of rare-earth-free Fe–Mn–Ni–Si-based compositionally complex alloys at bulk and nanoscale

• Shabbir Tahir,
• Tatiana Smoliarova,
• Carlos Doñate-Buendía,
• Michael Farle,
• Natalia Shkodich and
• Bilal Gökce

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 823–836, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.62

• FC curve shows higher magnetization than the ZFC curve, indicating that spin alignment occurs faster when cooled in the presence of a magnetic field because of the pre-alignment that the magnetic field produces. Above 179 K, the ZFC and FC curves converge, suggesting that thermal energy disrupts

• blocking temperature of around 100 K and then decreases, indicating a superparamagnetic-to-paramagnetic transition. A divergence between ZFC and FC curves is observed below 202 K (Figure S6c, Supporting Information File 1), suggesting spin freezing or magnetic domain alignment when the material is cooled

Thickness dependent oxidation in CrCl₃: a scanning X-ray photoemission and Kelvin probe microscopies study

• Shafaq Kazim,
• Rahul Parmar,
• Maryam Azizinia,
• Matteo Amati,
• Muhammad Rauf,
• Andrea Di Cicco,
• Seyed Javid Rezvani,
• Dario Mastrippolito,
• Luca Ottaviano,
• Tomasz Klimczuk,
• Luca Gregoratti and
• Roberto Gunnella

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 749–761, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.58

• point T (thick). The spectra were aligned with respect to our previously published high-resolution photoemission spectra at 150 eV photon energy [8]. The alignment is shown in Supporting Information File 1, Figure S3. The surface potential values of CrCl3 flakes after several experiments as function of

High-temperature epitaxial growth of tantalum nitride thin films on MgO: structural evolution and potential for SQUID applications

• Michelle Cedillo Rosillo,
• Oscar Contreras López,
• Jesús Antonio Díaz,
• Agustín Conde Gallardo and
• Harvi A. Castillo Cuero

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 690–699, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.53

• ) reflections of the δ-TaN phase show high intensity, while the (111) and (311) reflections exhibit lower intensity. The sharpness and intensity of these peaks indicate a highly crystalline film with excellent alignment to the MgO (100) substrate. The epitaxial relationship between film and substrate is

• film’s calculated interplanar spacings closely match the values obtained from the XRD analysis, further validating the structural data. Overall, the films deposited at 750 and 850 °C exhibit the highest degree of crystallinity, as demonstrated by both XRD and TEM analysis. The epitaxial alignment of the

The impact of tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane hole transport layer doping on interfacial charge extraction and recombination

• Konstantinos Bidinakis and
• Stefan A. L. Weber

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 678–689, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.52

• conductivity of selective contacts, as well as the junction quality and energetic alignment with the absorber. On the hole extracting side, organic semiconductors have been extensively used due to their flexibility and favorable properties. Two of such compatible materials that have yielded high performing

• )amine] (PTAA) [24]. These compounds exhibit favorable solubility, reasonable energetic alignment with most perovskites, and an amorphous nature. The main issues that arise from their usage involve poor conductivity and mechanical stability [25], the existence of pinholes, and a poor adhesion with the

• though poor alignment at defective interfaces creates additional losses that compound the problem. Our results show that under equilibrium, an improved HTL (better energy alignment with the perovskite, reduced interfacial recombination) only has a secondary effect on QFLS, which means that bulk

Polyurethane/silk fibroin-based electrospun membranes for wound healing and skin substitute applications

• Iqra Zainab,
• Zohra Naseem,
• Syeda Rubab Batool,
• Muhammad Waqas,
• Ahsan Nazir and
• Muhammad Anwaar Nazeer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 591–612, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.46

• factors such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor and NGF. These growth factors increased the alignment and myelination of Schwann cells, which are critical for nerve regeneration and repair. The study also showed that the AuPBs were cell-compatible, which meant they were non-toxic and supported cell

Feasibility analysis of carbon nanofiber synthesis and morphology control using a LPG premixed flame

• Iftikhar Rahman Bishal,
• Muhammad Hilmi Ibrahim,
• Norikhwan Hamzah,
• Mohd Zamri Mohd Yusop,
• Faizuan Bin Abdullah,
• I Putu Tedy Indrayana and
• Mohd Fairus Mohd Yasin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 581–590, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.45

• deposition with nickel as the catalyst and hydrogen as the plasma source. SEM and TEM characterization showed vertically aligned CNFs. This method highlights the impact of plasma conditions and gas ratios on CNF morphology and alignment [12]. An experiment by Li et al. showed CNT growth at decomposition

Enhancing mechanical properties of chitosan/PVA electrospun nanofibers: a comprehensive review

• Nur Areisman Mohd Salleh,
• Amalina Muhammad Afifi,
• Fathiah Mohamed Zuki and
• Hanna Sofia SalehHudin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 286–307, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.22

• , and the resultant solidified fibers are collected on a grounded (or oppositely charged) collector. The collector used can be stationary or moving, with different configurations affecting the alignment of the deposited fibers. A typical electrospinning setup configuration is shown in Figure 4

• control over fiber alignment and orientation [72]. Random fiber alignment and orientation, in addition to low crystallinity of electrospun structures, tend to result in poor mechanical strength [73]. To address the challenges of conventional electrospinning, researchers have explored alternative

• modifications and structural modifications. Material modifications include mixing with other polymers, plasticizers, and additives [155], as well as surface modification [156] and post-treatment processes such as cross-linking and heat treatment [157]. Structural modifications encompass fiber alignment

Synthesis and the impact of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles on the viability and activity of rhizobacteria

• Bedah Rupaedah,
• Indrika Novella,
• Atiek Rostika Noviyanti,
• Diana Rakhmawaty Eddy,
• Anna Safarrida,
• Abdul Hapid,
• Zhafira Amila Haqqa,
• Suryana Suryana,
• Irwan Kurnia and
• Fathiyah Inayatirrahmi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 216–228, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.17

• the synthesized nHA is given in Figure 2. Figure 2 shows that the XRD pattern of nHA aligns with the ICSD #157481 standard (Figure 1) and the P63/m space group. This alignment confirms the successful synthesis of hydroxyapatite. Notably, the image highlights the characteristic (211) peak of HA at 2θ

• (Tb) are gram-positive rhizobacteria with rod-like morphology, as illustrated in Figure 10. Conclusion Nanohydroxyapatite (nHA) was synthesized successfully using a hydrothermal method, and XRD analysis confirmed its alignment with the ICSD standard #154781. The measured crystal size of nHA was 34.27

A review of metal-organic frameworks and polymers in mixed matrix membranes for CO₂ capture

• Charlotte Skjold Qvist Christensen,
• Nicholas Hansen,
• Mahboubeh Motadayen,
• Nina Lock,
• Martin Lahn Henriksen and
• Jonathan Quinson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 155–186, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.14

Modeling and simulation of carbon-nanocomposite-based gas sensors

• Roopa Hegde,
• Punya Prabha V,
• Shipra Upadhyay and
• Krishna S B

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 90–96, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.9

• the Langmuir isotherm model indicated good alignment, suggesting potential for accurate predictive modeling. The simulation provides an economical approach to predict the behavior of the sensor, reducing the costs associated with sensor development. Overall, these findings lay a robust groundwork for

Characterization of ZnO nanoparticles synthesized using probiotic Lactiplantibacillus plantarum GP258

• Prashantkumar Siddappa Chakra,
• Aishwarya Banakar,
• Shriram Narayan Puranik,
• Vishwas Kaveeshwar,
• C. R. Ravikumar and
• Devaraja Gayathri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 78–89, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.8

• . The numbers on the branches represent bootstrap values derived from 1000 replications, showcasing the statistical reliability of each node. The tree was constructed using the maximum likelihood method based on 16S rRNA sequences, with alignment performed against GenBank data. (a) X-ray diffraction

Precursor sticking coefficient determination from indented deposits fabricated by electron beam induced deposition

• Alexander Kuprava and
• Michael Huth

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 35–43, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.4

• ) of 1400 and 800 nm. Special care was applied with regard to astigmatism correction and aperture alignment, as any aberrations will cause substantial deviations of the deposit shape from a fully symmetric disk-like shape. Depositions were performed at 20 °C substrate temperature and in addition at 10

Mechanistic insights into endosomal escape by sodium oleate-modified liposomes

• Ebrahim Sadaqa,
• Satrialdi,
• Fransiska Kurniawan and
• Diky Mudhakir

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1667–1685, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.131

• in maintaining membrane integrity by interacting mainly with the headgroup region. In addition to the previous membrane analysis, the deuterium order parameter (SCD) in Figure 9 offers a detailed analysis of lipid alkyl chain alignment within the membrane, reflecting changes in membrane rigidity and

Strain-induced bandgap engineering in 2D ψ-graphene materials: a first-principles study

• Kamal Kumar,
• Nora H. de Leeuw,
• Jost Adam and
• Abhishek Kumar Mishra

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1440–1452, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.116

• valence and conduction bands in the EBS. This material is a direct-bandgap material with the alignment of the conduction band’s minima and valence band’s maxima at the same k-points in the Brillouin zone (Figure 1c). We tabulate the structural parameters, bandgap, and buckling heights of these structures

New design of operational MEMS bridges for measurements of properties of FEBID-based nanostructures

• Bartosz Pruchnik,
• Krzysztof Kwoka,
• Ewelina Gacka,
• Dominik Badura,
• Piotr Kunicki,
• Andrzej Sierakowski,
• Paweł Janus,
• Tomasz Piasecki and
• Teodor Gotszalk

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1273–1282, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.103

• cantilevers in the direction of the bridge axis (i.e., elongating the cantilevers) reduces the residual strain and, consequently, the distance in the RoI. The alignment of the cantilevers in the RoI was therefore a combination of slit milling and FIB straining of the cantilevers with a total dose of 500 nC

• before and after FIB milling at 393 K (100 K above ambient), respectively. (e) Von Mises strain (in MPa) around the formed RoI, showing concentration of strain around edges and near the cantilevers, indicating areas suitable for strain reduction. RoI of an opMEMS (a) before and (b) after FIB alignment

• . The series in panel (c) shows consecutive steps of the alignment process, where each step is a new milling (red lines) and irradiation process (red field shows irradiated area) with a total dose of 500 nC/nm2. The scale bar in (c) is 10 μm long. Resistance measurements of a free-standing nanowire

Quantum-to-classical modeling of monolayer Ge₂Se₂ and its application in photovoltaic devices

• Anup Shrivastava,
• Shivani Saini,
• Dolly Kumari,
• Sanjai Singh and
• Jost Adam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1153–1169, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.94

• monolayered Ge2Se2. The easy fabrication, structural stability, and proper band alignment with the absorber material make it a promising hole transport layer (HTL) in the proposed solar cell. The proposed solar cell is a low-cost, environmentally friendly, scalable Perovskite solar cell (PSC), with Ge2Se2 as

• offset and ease of synthesis. The front and back contacts are supposed to be ohmic and are made of silver (Ag) to maintain proper band alignment and reduce the band offset. It has been reported that tuning the CBM and VBM positions to keep a low band offset leads to superior device performance. Figure 6b

• with DFT-post processing; (b) calculation of the optical behavior based on the non-equilibrium Green’s function (NEGF) and the Kubo–Greenwood approaches. Fifth step – device design, simulation, and optimization: After proper band alignment and suitable material choices for the transport and active

Direct electron beam writing of silver using a β-diketonate precursor: first insights

• Katja Höflich,
• Krzysztof Maćkosz,
• Chinmai S. Jureddy,
• Aleksei Tsarapkin and
• Ivo Utke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1117–1124, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.90

• ligands instead of their further dissociation and co-deposition into the deposit. To further investigate the microstructure of the deposit, a thin lamella along the dashed white line in Figure 1a was prepared and studied by TEM. The TEM overview image is depicted in Figure 1c, its alignment and

Effect of wavelength and liquid on formation of Ag, Au, Ag/Au nanoparticles via picosecond laser ablation and SERS-based detection of DMMP

• Sree Satya Bharati Moram,
• Chandu Byram and
• Venugopal Rao Soma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1054–1069, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.86

• X–Y translation stage (Newport) connected to a motion (ESP-300) controller. The Ag/Au/Ag50Au50 targets were ablated using a ps laser (Nd: YAG, EKSPLA PL2351), delivering ≈30 ps pulses at a wavelength of 1064, 532, and 355 nm at a 10 Hz repetition rate. For each wavelength, meticulous alignment of

Interface properties of nanostructured carbon-coated biological implants: an overview

• Mattia Bartoli,
• Francesca Cardano,
• Erik Piatti,
• Stefania Lettieri,
• Andrea Fin and
• Alberto Tagliaferro

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1041–1053, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.85

• another (inter-layer transport) and is the source of the large anisotropy typically displayed between in-plane and out-of-plane carrier mobilities [42]. Carrier injection is usually determined by energy band alignment and interface transparency, and it is limited by the number of available conduction

Bolometric IR photoresponse based on a 3D micro-nano integrated CNT architecture

• Yasameen Al-Mafrachi,
• Sandeep Yadav,
• Sascha Preu,
• Jörg J. Schneider and
• Oktay Yilmazoglu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1030–1040, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.84

• ][8][9][10]. This performance is based on the high absorption of VACNTs coupled with their low reflectance over this broad spectrum. Vertical alignment and distribution of the CNTs are critical to achieving such efficient absorption, making VACNTs effective blackbody analogs for broad-spectrum

• characteristics showed little variation with CNT heights ranging from 2 to 460 μm [3]. The authors attributed this blackbody behavior to the sparseness and imperfect alignment of the vertical SWCNTs, which suppressed reflection. Due to multi-reflection in the CNT forest and broadband absorption in the single CNTs

Recent progress on field-effect transistor-based biosensors: device perspective

• Billel Smaani,
• Fares Nafa,
• Mohamed Salah Benlatrech,
• Ismahan Mahdi,
• Hamza Akroum,
• Mohamed walid Azizi,
• Khaled Harrar and
• Sayan Kanungo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 977–994, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.80

• process [101][102]. Therefore, it reduces the changes in the underlap length and eliminates the need for a gate alignment step required in a gate-last process [103]. This type of biosensor is also compatible with the conventional process of CMOS technology and exhibits individual addressing in a biosensor

Electrospun nanofibers: building blocks for the repair of bone tissue

• Tuğrul Mert Serim,
• Gülin Amasya,
• Tuğba Eren-Böncü,
• Ceyda Tuba Şengel-Türk and
• Ayşe Nurten Özdemir

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 941–953, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.77

• speed allows for the production of aligned nanofibers, while a fixed collector generally produces non-aligned nanofibers. Also, a rotating collector leads to thinner fibers [63][64]. By changing the rotation speed, the alignment and the diameter of the fibers can be changed [64]. Polymer concentration

• . Hence, polymers are the most important formulation components in the preparation of nanofibers with a structure similar to natural bone tissue for bone regeneration [96]. The content and alignment of the polymeric structure of the nanofibers is important for the alignment of the collagenous fibers in

Intermixing of MoS₂ and WS₂ photocatalysts toward methylene blue photodegradation

• Maryam Al Qaydi,
• Nitul S. Rajput,
• Michael Lejeune,
• Abdellatif Bouchalkha,
• Mimoun El Marssi,
• Steevy Cordette,
• Chaouki Kasmi and
• Mustapha Jouiad

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 817–829, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.68

• visible light excites electrons in WS2 they transition into the CB of MoS2 due to band alignment. These photoexcited electrons then move from the CB of WS2 to MoS2, generating radical electrons that subsequently react with oxygen groups. Simultaneously, photoexcited holes spontaneously migrate from the

Elastic modulus of β-Ga₂O₃ nanowires measured by resonance and three-point bending techniques

• Annamarija Trausa,
• Sven Oras,
• Sergei Vlassov,
• Mikk Antsov,
• Tauno Tiirats,
• Andreas Kyritsakis,
• Boris Polyakov and
• Edgars Butanovs

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 704–712, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.58

• suggests that the NW maintains a consistent horizontal alignment without deviating from a straight path throughout the observed region. Furthermore, to confirm the secure attachment of the NW to the substrate, seven NWs were “welded” to the substrate in SEM by Pt deposition using a gas injection system