Graphene oxide–chloroquine conjugate induces DNA damage in A549 lung cancer cells through autophagy modulation

• Braham Dutt Arya,
• Sandeep Mittal,
• Prachi Joshi,
• Alok Kumar Pandey,
• Jaime E. Ramirez-Vick,
• Govind Gupta and
• Surinder P. Singh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 316–332, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.24

• functional groups in the GO–Chl nanoconjugate. The observed reduction in the intensity of COOH peaks for GO–Chl as compared to that of GO, could be attributed to the possible reduction of oxygen-rich functional groups as a result of their interaction with amino groups present in Chl [47]. It was observed

Enhancing mechanical properties of chitosan/PVA electrospun nanofibers: a comprehensive review

• Nur Areisman Mohd Salleh,
• Amalina Muhammad Afifi,
• Fathiah Mohamed Zuki and
• Hanna Sofia SalehHudin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 286–307, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.22

• insoluble in water, alkali, and most mineral acid systems. Additionally, chitosan is soluble in mixtures of water, methanol, ethanol, and acetone [52], making it feasible for the electrospinning process. Unbound amino groups make chitosan a positively charged polyelectrolyte in acidic media, resulting in

A review of metal-organic frameworks and polymers in mixed matrix membranes for CO₂ capture

• Charlotte Skjold Qvist Christensen,
• Nicholas Hansen,
• Mahboubeh Motadayen,
• Nina Lock,
• Martin Lahn Henriksen and
• Jonathan Quinson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 155–186, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.14

Facile synthesis of size-tunable L-carnosine-capped silver nanoparticles and their role in metal ion sensing and catalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol

• Akash Kumar,
• Ridhima Chadha,
• Abhishek Das,
• Nandita Maiti and
• Rayavarapu Raja Gopal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1576–1592, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.124

• alkaline pH, the anionic form of ʟ-carnosine is bound to the AgNPs surface through the carboxylate group and the imidazole as well as amino groups remain close to the silver nanoparticles’ surface. The optimized structure of the ʟ-carnosine–(Ag)4 complex (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S4c) supports

• environmental contaminants. DFT results The optimized geometries of ʟ-carnosine are shown in Supporting Information File 1, Figure S3. ʟ-Carnosine may exist in two H-bonded forms (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S3a,b) where the carboxylic acid and amino groups remain close, and the O–H moiety of the

• carboxyl group forms a H-bond with the N atom of the amino group. ʟ-Carnosine may also exist in forms where the carboxylic acid and amino groups are far apart (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S3c,d). From the optimized energies, it is observed that the conformation in Figure S3a is the most stable

Green synthesis of carbon dot structures from Rheum Ribes and Schottky diode fabrication

• Muhammed Taha Durmus and
• Ebru Bozkurt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1369–1375, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.110

• positively charged amino groups [20]. Absorption and fluorescence measurements were taken for optical characterization of the CDs. The absorption peaks observed at 229 and 251 nm arise from the π–π* transitions of the conjugated electrons and the n–π* transitions of the oxygen and nitrogen heteroatoms in the

Unveiling the potential of alginate-based nanomaterials in sensing technology and smart delivery applications

• Shakhzodjon Uzokboev,
• Khojimukhammad Akhmadbekov,
• Ra’no Nuritdinova,
• Salah M. Tawfik and
• Yong-Ill Lee

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1077–1104, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.88

• . In the preparation of chemically modified alginate nanoparticles, the dehydration condensation reaction between carboxylate (–COO–) and other chemical groups, such as amino groups, plays a crucial role in forming the cross-links that stabilize the nanoparticles. The procedure generally includes

• preparing an alginate polymer solution to which a compound with amino groups is subsequently added. In the presence of a cross-linking agent or under appropriate conditions, the carboxylate groups of alginate and the amino groups of the other compound undergo dehydration condensation processes. These cross

Identification of structural features of surface modifiers in engineered nanostructured metal oxides regarding cell uptake through ML-based classification

• Indrasis Dasgupta,
• Totan Das,
• Biplab Das and
• Shovanlal Gayen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 909–924, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.75

• , UIp 13, and UIp 19 represent the presence of amino groups with a possible carboxyl functionality. Such fingerprints are observed in surface modifier 101. The fingerprints UIp 9, UIp 11, UIp 14, and UIp 20, having a cyclohexane ring (e.g., 90), also reduce the uptake of ENMOs in the PaCa2 cell line

• modifier 86 is due to the presence of fingerprints UPu 12 and UPu 18. The uptake-impairing fingerprints UIu 1, UIu 4, UIu 11, UIu 12, and UIu 14 indicate the presence of aliphatic alcohol functionality. The presence of primary or secondary amino groups (UIu 2, UIu 5, UIu 8, UIu 9, UIu 10, and UIu 16) also

• multiple cell lines. It is observed from SHAP analysis that there are three major descriptors (maxsNH2, maxHBd, and maxssO) identified as common in the three best ML models developed for the three different cell lines. Having one or more aliphatic primary amino groups (descriptor maxsNH2) in the surface

Fluorescent bioinspired albumin/polydopamine nanoparticles and their interactions with Escherichia coli cells

• Eloïse Equy,
• Jordana Hirtzel,
• Sophie Hellé,
• Béatrice Heurtault,
• Eric Mathieu,
• Morgane Rabineau,
• Vincent Ball and
• Lydie Ploux

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1208–1224, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.100

• KE diad (e.g., catestatin) [13]. During the formation process, hydroxy groups of dopamine form hydrogen bonds with carboxylic groups (COO−) of glutamate (pKa = 4.3), whereas protonated amino groups (NH3+) of lysine (pKa = 10.5) further stabilize the aggregate by cation–π interactions with the

Curcumin-loaded albumin submicron particles with potential as a cancer therapy: an in vitro study

• Nittiya Suwannasom,
• Netsai Sriaksorn,
• Chutamas Thepmalee,
• Krissana Khoothiam,
• Ausanai Prapan,
• Hans Bäumler and
• Chonthida Thephinlap

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1127–1140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.93

• cancer [38][39]. The low percentage of CUR released from CUR-HSA-MPs could be attributed to CUR being covalently bound to the hydrophobic domains of albumin. Another important factor is the shell of GA molecules cross-linking the amino groups on the particles’ surface to form an effective polymeric

Metal-organic framework-based nanomaterials for CO₂ storage: A review

• Ha Huu Do,
• Iqra Rabani and
• Hai Bang Truong

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 964–970, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.79

• approximately 3.6 mmol·g−1 at 273 K and 1 bar. Post-synthetic functionalization Amino groups, which have been widely recognized as LBCs in MOFs for the purpose of capturing CO2, can be grafted onto MOFs through a post-synthetic process. Several studies adopted this strategy to modify the properties of MOFs for

• structures that were modified with amino groups [43]. This study could provide adequate information for further experiments in CO2 storage areas. Conclusion Undoubtedly, MOFs have been widely recognized as promising nanomaterials for CO2 adsorption, offering potential mitigiation of the impact of CO2 gas on

• prepare Cu-based MOF nanoparticles (UHM-30) for gas storage, as depicted in Figure 2 [27]. The benefit of this strategy is the generation of both OMSs and LBCs, resulting in an enhanced CO2 adsorption capacity for UHM-30 (5.26 mmol·g−1) compared to HKUST-1 (4.69 mmol·g−1). The effectiveness of amino

Metal-organic framework-based nanomaterials as opto-electrochemical sensors for the detection of antibiotics and hormones: A review

• Akeem Adeyemi Oladipo,
• Saba Derakhshan Oskouei and
• Mustafa Gazi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 631–673, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.52

Quercetin- and caffeic acid-functionalized chitosan-capped colloidal silver nanoparticles: one-pot synthesis, characterization, and anticancer and antibacterial activities

• Akif Hakan Kurt,
• Elif Berna Olutas,
• Fatma Avcioglu,
• Hamza Karakuş,
• Mehmet Ali Sungur,
• Cansu Kara Oztabag and
• Muhammet Yıldırım

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 362–376, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.31

• has raised great interest in the preparation of nanoparticles owing to its biodegradable, biocompatible, and non-toxic properties, as well as the free amino groups, which are very suitable to produce strong complexes with metals [15][16]. Quercetin (3,3',4',5,7-pentahydroxyflavone) is a flavonoid

• bonding interactions between amino groups of chitosan and phenol groups of quercetin and caffeic acid [63][66]. Moreover, it was observed that the position and shape of some peaks, such as 1671 and 1514 cm−1 for quercetin, 1421 and 1379 cm−1 for chitosan, and 1640 and 1447 cm−1 for caffeic acid, also

Structural, optical, and bioimaging characterization of carbon quantum dots solvothermally synthesized from o-phenylenediamine

• Zoran M. Marković,
• Milica D. Budimir,
• Martin Danko,
• Dušan D. Milivojević,
• Pavel Kubat,
• Danica Z. Zmejkoski,
• Vladimir B. Pavlović,
• Marija M. Mojsin,
• Milena J. Stevanović and
• Biljana M. Todorović Marković

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 165–174, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.17

• resistance, and better antioxidant properties compared to pristine CQDs [5]. Functionalization of CQDs with amino groups (NH2 groups) induces a redshift of the photoluminescence because of the charge transfer from the amino groups to the carbon honeycomb core [6]. Also, grafting with NH2 groups, by means of

• graphene, depending on the doping procedure, the nitrogen moieties include graphitic N together with pyrrolic and pyridinic nitrogen and amino groups [37][38][39]. Bianco et al. reported recently that pyridine nitrogen can be a reactive center and activates other reactive centers at the adjacent carbon

• , chemical, optical, antibacterial, and cytotoxic properties of CQDs. Nitrogen substitutional doping in the π basal plane of CQDs has been used to modulate their properties. Nitrogen moieties mainly include graphitic N, combined with pyrrolic N, pyridinic N, and amino groups. By using different techniques

Rapid fabrication of MgO@g-C₃N₄ heterojunctions for photocatalytic nitric oxide removal

• Minh-Thuan Pham,
• Duyen P. H. Tran,
• Xuan-Thanh Bui and
• Sheng-Jie You

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1141–1154, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.96

• higher than 5% had been added [33][51]. Figure 4b shows the FTIR spectra of g-C3N4, MgO, and MgO@g-C3N4. For pure g-C3N4, the broad peak in the range of 3000–3600 cm−1 was attributed to the stretching vibrations of N–H and O–H bonds, indicating the existence of amino groups and adsorbed water molecules

Recent advances in green carbon dots (2015–2022): synthesis, metal ion sensing, and biological applications

• Aisha Kanwal,
• Naheed Bibi,
• Sajjad Hyder,
• Arif Muhammad,
• Hao Ren,
• Jiangtao Liu and
• Zhongli Lei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1068–1107, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.93

Detection and imaging of Hg(II) in vivo using glutathione-functionalized gold nanoparticles

• Gufeng Li,
• Shaoqing Li,
• Rui Wang,
• Min Yang,
• Lizhu Zhang,
• Yanli Zhang,
• Wenrong Yang and
• Hongbin Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 549–559, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.46

• GNPs were synthesized by a previously reported protocol [38], then the surface of GNPs was modified with GSH to form SAM-modified GNPs. Subsequently, the carbonyl group of Rh6G2 was conjugated with the amino groups of GSH-modified GNPs via Schiff base reaction in methanol solution [39][40]. It is worth

Coordination-assembled myricetin nanoarchitectonics for sustainably scavenging free radicals

• Xiaoyan Ma,
• Haoning Gong,
• Kenji Ogino,
• Xuehai Yan and
• Ruirui Xing

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 284–291, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.23

• ) of GSH. The band at 1619 cm−1 was assigned to the C=C group of Myr. In addition, the band at 3417 cm−1 was assigned to the phenolic hydroxy group. The two bands of phenolic hydroxy and amino groups shifted to lower wavenumbers, compared with the corresponding bands of Myr and GSH, suggesting that

A comprehensive review on electrospun nanohybrid membranes for wastewater treatment

• Senuri Kumarage,
• Imalka Munaweera and
• Nilwala Kottegoda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 137–159, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.10

• metals and other cations, electrospun membranes have been recognized as a promising solution. Most metal ion removing membranes interact with the targeted ions through ionic interactions via functional groups, such as hydroxy groups, carboxyl groups, amino groups, and ester groups, on the membrane

Self-assembly of amino acids toward functional biomaterials

• Huan Ren,
• Lifang Wu,
• Lina Tan,
• Yanni Bao,
• Yuchen Ma,
• Yong Jin and
• Qianli Zou

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1140–1150, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.85

• characteristics compared to the common noncovalent interactions in self-assembly, such as hydrophobic interactions, van der Waals force, hydrogen bonds, ion attraction, and π–π stacking [57]. Cystine (Cys) can provide carboxyl and amino groups with which it can coordinate with equimolar amounts of cadmium ions

Comprehensive review on ultrasound-responsive theranostic nanomaterials: mechanisms, structures and medical applications

• Sepand Tehrani Fateh,
• Lida Moradi,
• Elmira Kohan,
• Michael R. Hamblin and
• Amin Shiralizadeh Dezfuli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 808–862, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.64

Boosting of photocatalytic hydrogen evolution via chlorine doping of polymeric carbon nitride

• Malgorzata Aleksandrzak,
• Michalina Kijaczko,
• Wojciech Kukulka,
• Daria Baranowska,
• Martyna Baca,
• Beata Zielinska and
• Ewa Mijowska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 473–484, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.38

• terminal amino groups (–NH2 or =NH) [53][54]. The spectra do not show Cl-containing functional groups, which can be attributed to their relatively low amount and the signal may be overlapped by the CN vibration. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns (Figure 3b) showed that both samples displayed a similar

PEG/PEI-functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes as delivery carriers for doxorubicin: synthesis, characterization, and in vitro evaluation

• Shuoye Yang,
• Zhenwei Wang,
• Yahong Ping,
• Yuying Miao,
• Yongmei Xiao,
• Lingbo Qu,
• Lu Zhang,
• Yuansen Hu and
• Jinshui Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1728–1741, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.155

• PEG and polyethylenimine (PEI), which contains amino groups, were synthesized (CNTs-PEG-PEI). The length of the SWCNTs was first shortened by ultrasonic scission in different strong acid solutions for improving the dispersion in water. Afterwards, PEG and PEI were grafted onto the CNTs. This

• -COOH is a hydrophilic polymer that can graft firmly onto CNTs by non-covalent bonding. In contrast to covalent bonding methods, this non-covalent strategy is more facile and efficient, and will not affect the inherent optical properties of CNTs. The long hydrophilic chains of PEG and the amino groups

• that carboxy groups are present on the surface of CNTs and more charges are exposed at the outside of the nanotubes. After grafting of PEG and PEI, the zeta potential of CNTs sharply increases to above 0 mV, owing to the presence of amino groups, which also suggests the successful grafting of PEG and

A 3D-polyphenylalanine network inside porous alumina: Synthesis and characterization of an inorganic–organic composite membrane

• Jonathan Stott and
• Jörg J. Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 938–951, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.78

• chose phenylalanine as an aromatic and hydrophobic amino acid to achieve a good interaction with slightly water-soluble compounds (e.g. chloroanilic acid) in aqueous solutions. Due the lack of amino groups in the side chain of phenylalanine, no further protection groups are needed for NCA-synthesis and

•  1, Figure S2). The surface of the ALOX-membranes was prefunctionalized by silanization to form an initial layer of initiating groups on the surface of the ALOX substrate (see Figure 1). As initiators, primary amino groups were used, which were immobilized by covalent bonding of amino groups

• reaction of DL-phenylalanine with triphosgene (see Figure 2) [38][39]. The following polymerization of the NCA-monomers is initiated by the primary amino groups of the immobilized silanes at the surface of the porous ALOX-membrane (see Figure 3) in solvent mixtures consisting of different volume fractions

Soybean-derived blue photoluminescent carbon dots

• Shanshan Wang,
• Wei Sun,
• Dong-sheng Yang and
• Fuqian Yang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 606–619, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.48

• the complex transitions on the surface from the n–π* transitions in the groups of C=O and/or C=OOH [1][10][15]. The long tail extending to the visible spectrum can be attributed to the amino groups on the surface of the CDs [39]. Note that the LA-CDs-x% produced from the LAL processing of the annealed

Preparation and in vivo evaluation of glyco-gold nanoparticles carrying synthetic mycobacterial hexaarabinofuranoside

• Gennady L. Burygin,
• Polina I. Abronina,
• Nikita M. Podvalnyy,
• Sergey A. Staroverov,
• Leonid O. Kononov and
• Lev A. Dykman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 480–493, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.39

• -linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), which confirmed their specificity against Mycobacteria. Results Preparation and characterization of conjugates of amino-functionalized glycosides with GNPs Glycans The known hexasaccharide fragments of LAM/AG with amino groups at the terminal position of short (С2) or

• require further purification from ballast antibodies [56][101]. In this study, hexasaccharide fragments of LAM/AG with amino groups at the terminal position of short (С2) or elongated (С2ЕG7) spacer aglycons (Ara6 glycosides 1 and 2, respectively; Figure 1) were conjugated with pre-formed [67][94] gold

• intervals are given (Figure 6, Supporting Information File 1, Figure S1). Structures of the hexasaccharide fragments of LAM/AG with amino groups at the terminal position of short (С2) or elongated (С2(ЕG)7) spacer aglycons (Ara6 glycosides 1 and 2, respectively) and their conjugates with gold nanoparticles