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Search for "animals" in Full Text gives 138 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology.

Mechanical stability of individual bacterial cells under different osmotic pressure conditions: a nanoindentation study of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

  • Lizeth García-Torres,
  • Idania De Alba Montero,
  • Eleazar Samuel Kolosovas-Machuca,
  • Facundo Ruiz,
  • Sumati Bhatia,
  • Jose Luis Cuellar Camacho and
  • Jaime Ruiz-García

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1171–1183, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.86

Graphical Abstract
  • -negative bacterium belonging to the Pseudomonas genus. It is well known for its versatility and adaptability in various environments, as it can be found in multiple habitats, including soil, water, plants, and animals. It can also prosper in artificial environments such as metal or plastic pipes and
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Published 21 Jul 2025

A formulation containing Cymbopogon flexuosus essential oil: improvement of biochemical parameters and oxidative stress in diabetic rats

  • Ailton Santos Sena-Júnior,
  • Cleverton Nascimento Santana Andrade,
  • Pedro Henrique Macedo Moura,
  • Jocsã Hémany Cândido dos Santos,
  • Cauãn Torres Trancoso,
  • Eloia Emanuelly Dias Silva,
  • Deise Maria Rego Rodrigues Silva,
  • Ênio Pereira Telles,
  • Luiz André Santos Silva,
  • Isabella Lima Dantas Teles,
  • Sara Fernanda Mota de Almeida,
  • Daniel Alves de Souza,
  • Jileno Ferreira Santos,
  • Felipe José Aidar Martins,
  • Ana Mara de Oliveira e Silva,
  • Sandra Lauton-Santos,
  • Guilherme Rodolfo Souza de Araujo,
  • Cristiane Bani Correa,
  • Rogéria De Souza Nunes,
  • Lysandro Pinto Borges and
  • Ana Amélia Moreira Lira

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 617–636, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.48

Graphical Abstract
  • . The use of STZ in animals causes conditions similar to that of some humans with type-1 diabetes without glycemic control. STZ has been shown to significantly increase blood glucose levels in Wistar rats. STZ’s mechanism of action alters the DNA base sequences of pancreatic islet β-cells and stimulates
  • = 452.78 mg/dL), induced by STZ, compared to supplemented animals. Treatment with the essential oil (EOCF = 234.71 mg/dL, p < 0.0001), the microemulsion (M7-EOCF = 283.75 mg/dL, p < 0.001), and metformin (MET = 300.86 mg/dL, p < 0.01) provided a significant reduction in glucose by, respectively, 48.16
  • %, 37.33%, and 33.55% when compared to the control group; but there were no significant differences between EOCF, M7-EOCF, and MET. Regarding glycated hemoglobin levels, diabetic rats treated with EOCF, M7-EOCF, and MET showed no significant differences compared to diabetic animals in the control group
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Published 07 May 2025

Emerging strategies in the sustainable removal of antibiotics using semiconductor-based photocatalysts

  • Yunus Ahmed,
  • Keya Rani Dutta,
  • Parul Akhtar,
  • Md. Arif Hossen,
  • Md. Jahangir Alam,
  • Obaid A. Alharbi,
  • Hamad AlMohamadi and
  • Abdul Wahab Mohammad

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 264–285, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.21

Graphical Abstract
  • improve the performance and scalability for wider use in real-world situations. Keywords: antibiotics; degradation pathways; heterojunctions; mechanisms; photocatalysts; semiconductor; Introduction Antibiotics are chemical substances used to treat bacterial infections in humans, animals, aquaculture
  • aquaculture, domestic sewage discharges, pharmaceutical manufacturing, and healthcare facilities [38]. Antibiotics are commonly administered to animals through feed or water, primarily for growth promotion in large-scale animal farming operations and to prevent and treat infectious diseases [39]. Consequently
  • , antibiotic residues are excreted by the animals in their feces, which can enter the environment by applying manure as fertilizer or runoff from animal housing facilities. Additionally, antibiotics are extensively used in aquaculture, where only a fraction (20–30%) of the pharmaceuticals used are absorbed by
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Published 25 Feb 2025

Nanocarriers and macrophage interaction: from a potential hurdle to an alternative therapeutic strategy

  • Naths Grazia Sukubo,
  • Paolo Bigini and
  • Annalisa Morelli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 97–118, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.10

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Published 31 Jan 2025

Bioinspired nanofilament coatings for scale reduction on steel

  • Siad Dahir Ali,
  • Mette Heidemann Rasmussen,
  • Jacopo Catalano,
  • Christian Husum Frederiksen and
  • Tobias Weidner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 25–34, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.3

Graphical Abstract
  • : bioinspired materials; calcium carbonate; offshore assets; stainless-steel coating; super-hydrophobicity; Introduction Small animals, such as insects, springtails (Collembola), and other hexapods, have distinctly large surface-to-volume ratios. This characteristic imposes significant challenges in terms of
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Published 09 Jan 2025

Biomimetic nanocarriers: integrating natural functions for advanced therapeutic applications

  • Hugo Felix Perini,
  • Beatriz Sodré Matos,
  • Carlo José Freire de Oliveira and
  • Marcos Vinicius da Silva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1619–1626, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.127

Graphical Abstract
  • substances, increasing medication accumulation at the infection site, and reducing the adverse effects of the free medication [75]. Additionally, in tests with mice treated with PLGA-LPV@M, a 60% of improvement survival was observed compared to the control group (saline treated). Untreated animals rapidly
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Published 16 Dec 2024

Natural nanofibers embedded in the seed mucilage envelope: composite hydrogels with specific adhesive and frictional properties

  • Agnieszka Kreitschitz and
  • Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1603–1618, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.126

Graphical Abstract
  • important biological functions, such as supporting seed germination, protecting seeds against pathogens and predators, and allowing the seed to attach to diverse surfaces (e.g., soil or animals). The attachment properties of mucilage are thus responsible for seed dispersal. Mucilage represents a hydrophilic
  • of the mucilage – from pressed layers to a 3D network Substances with gel character (slime, mucus, and mucilage) are ubiquitous in nature and are produced by diverse organisms such as bacteria, plants representing diverse groups (algae, ferns, and higher plants), and animals (fishes, frogs, and
  • reliable results about the 3D organisation of the polysaccharides within the mucilage envelope. CPD is a technique used for diverse biological samples (plants, animals, and microorganisms) that are very fragile and contain water. CPD allows for drying of samples without deforming them or collapsing the
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Published 13 Dec 2024

Liver-targeting iron oxide nanoparticles and their complexes with plant extracts for biocompatibility

  • Shushanik A. Kazaryan,
  • Seda A. Oganian,
  • Gayane S. Vardanyan,
  • Anatolie S. Sidorenko and
  • Ashkhen A. Hovhannisyan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1593–1602, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.125

Graphical Abstract
  • , there is an increase in HDL cholesterol (groups II, III, and VI), while in others, there is a decrease in HDL cholesterol (groups I, IV, and V), with almost identical minimal values in groups IV and V. Assessment of the impact on liver synthetic function In the control group of animals, the level of
  • well as SREBP1c, whose increased activity in liver tissue leads to hypoactivation and suppression of cholesterol and triglyceride synthesis, as well as hyperexpression of GPx [59]. The increase in protein and albumin content in the plasma of experimental animals may be associated with the ability of
  • model Experiments were conducted on mature male white Wistar rats weighing 190–210 g. The animals were kept on a regular diet and water regimen at a temperature of 25 ± 2 °C, 55% ± 5% humidity, and a 12 h day/night cycle. The animals were randomly divided into seven experimental groups of five to six
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Published 11 Dec 2024

Ultrablack color in velvet ant cuticle

  • Vinicius Marques Lopez,
  • Wencke Krings,
  • Juliana Reis Machado,
  • Stanislav Gorb and
  • Rhainer Guillermo-Ferreira

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1554–1565, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.122

Graphical Abstract
  • spectacle among animals. These colors with high absorption are formed in nature by a sophisticated arrangement of microstructures (i.e., structures visible under microscope) alongside pigment depositions in underlying tissues [9][10]. For instance, in male peacock spiders (Figure 1A), ultrablack
  • ultrablack colors in animals underscores the convergent evolution of anti-reflective mechanisms as an important strategy for survival and reproductive success across diverse habitats and ecological contexts. The evolution of ultrablack colors in animals highlights nature’s ingenuity in achieving structurally
  • absorption due to complex arrangements of microstructures at the cuticle surface above absorptive lamellae. The surface microstructure of the ultrablack cuticle (setae and microsculpturing) bear some structural resemblance to the ultrablack surfaces in other animals [10][13]. Moreover, there are lamellae
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Published 02 Dec 2024

The round-robin approach applied to nanoinformatics: consensus prediction of nanomaterials zeta potential

  • Dimitra-Danai Varsou,
  • Arkaprava Banerjee,
  • Joyita Roy,
  • Kunal Roy,
  • Giannis Savvas,
  • Haralambos Sarimveis,
  • Ewelina Wyrzykowska,
  • Mateusz Balicki,
  • Tomasz Puzyn,
  • Georgia Melagraki,
  • Iseult Lynch and
  • Antreas Afantitis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1536–1553, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.121

Graphical Abstract
  • use of in silico methods allows for the identification of potential hazardous effects caused by NMs’ interactions with biological systems with a simultaneous decrease of workload, cost, research duration, and use of laboratory animals. Several computational approaches [7][8][9] and predictive models
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Published 29 Nov 2024

Electrochemical nanostructured CuBTC/FeBTC MOF composite sensor for enrofloxacin detection

  • Thi Kim Ngan Nguyen,
  • Tien Dat Doan,
  • Huy Hieu Luu,
  • Hoang Anh Nguyen,
  • Thi Thu Ha Vu,
  • Quang Hai Tran,
  • Ha Tran Nguyen,
  • Thanh Binh Dang,
  • Thi Hai Yen Pham and
  • Mai Ha Hoang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1522–1535, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.120

Graphical Abstract
  • severe adverse effects, including skeletal, reproductive, immune, and digestive disorders; moreover, ENR cannot be completely absorbed by most animals, it easily enters the environment through the excrement of organisms, also in the form of metabolites [3][4]. Nowadays, the concentration of ENR in
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Published 28 Nov 2024

Nanotechnological approaches for efficient N2B delivery: from small-molecule drugs to biopharmaceuticals

  • Selin Akpinar Adscheid,
  • Akif E. Türeli,
  • Nazende Günday-Türeli and
  • Marc Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1400–1414, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.113

Graphical Abstract
  • promising, it should be also noted that most of the in vivo studies are conducted with mice and rats. However, nasal administration depends on multiple factors from administration device to the total volume of administration, and these are limited for small animals such as mice and rats. In fact, rats were
  • found to be very different from humans. Large animals (e.g., rabbits and dogs) are more suitable for assessing in vivo pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics more accurately and as closely as possible to the human situation [24]. In another study by Salade et al., the researchers designed chitosan-coated
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Published 12 Nov 2024

Hymenoptera and biomimetic surfaces: insights and innovations

  • Vinicius Marques Lopez,
  • Carlo Polidori and
  • Rhainer Guillermo Ferreira

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1333–1352, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.107

Graphical Abstract
  • ., epicuticular multilayer reflectors), which can produce brilliant and iridescent colors [26][27][28]. The examples range from the metallic wings of some bees to the striking iridescent colors of wasps [29][30]. Blue coloration is hard to find in nature because blue pigments are rare; hence, animals tend to
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Published 05 Nov 2024

Dual-functionalized architecture enables stable and tumor cell-specific SiO2NPs in complex biological fluids

  • Iris Renata Sousa Ribeiro,
  • Raquel Frenedoso da Silva,
  • Romênia Ramos Domingues,
  • Adriana Franco Paes Leme and
  • Mateus Borba Cardoso

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1238–1252, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.100

Graphical Abstract
  • to cause hemolysis was also evaluated using mouse blood. For these experiments, ten Swiss mice were used, obtained from the Multidisciplinary Center for Biological Investigation of the State University of Campinas (CEMIB/ UNICAMP). All animals obtained from CEMIB received water and food ad libitum
  • (Nuvilab) and were kept in the vivarium of the Department of Cellular and Structural Biology (Area of Anatomy) of the Institute of Biology, under the responsibility of Dr. Valéria Helena Alves Cagnon Quitete, until they reached the experimental age for euthanasia. At 2 months of age, the animals were
  • animal. The procedures were approved by the Ethics Committee on Animal Use (protocol 5725-1/2021) and conducted in accordance with the Ethical Principles for Research with Animals, established by the Brazilian College of Animal Experimentation (COBEA). The detailed experimental procedure is described in
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Published 07 Oct 2024

Realizing active targeting in cancer nanomedicine with ultrasmall nanoparticles

  • André F. Lima,
  • Giselle Z. Justo and
  • Alioscka A. Sousa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1208–1226, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.98

Graphical Abstract
  • survival relative to control groups. Animals treated with 0.5 mCi (milliCurie) of targeted C’ dots demonstrated improved survival compared to those treated with the same dose of non-targeting C’ dots. 5.4 PSMA-targeting ligands/PMSA receptor Luo et al. developed AuNCs covered with PSMA-1 for selective
  • PET imaging, yielding an average value of 13.2% ID/g within 24–48 h p.i. (Figure 7B,C). Tumor uptake varied among animals, ranging from 10.3 to as high as 17.2% ID/g at 24 h p.i., likely reflecting differences in HER2 expression levels. By contrast, significantly lower tumor uptake values (≈5% ID/g
  • -noise ratio for MM detection, surpassing levels achievable with other clinically approved imaging modalities. As early as 30 min post-administration, animals treated with the targeted usNPs demonstrated a ≈3-fold improvement in SNR for plasmacytomas in the spine. Song et al. synthesized AuNCs protected
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Published 30 Sep 2024

Entry of nanoparticles into cells and tissues: status and challenges

  • Kirsten Sandvig,
  • Tore Geir Iversen and
  • Tore Skotland

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1017–1029, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.83

Graphical Abstract
  • ) are important tools to diagnose and treat diseases, and have proven useful in basic mechanistic studies of cells and animals. Thus, knowledge about cellular uptake, intracellular transport, and metabolism of NPs in cells, as well as their biodistribution, degradation, and excretion following
  • /disadvantages of using various methodological approaches [81]. So far, most ADME studies with small animals have been performed using fluorescence; however, labelling with radioactive isotopes for PET or SPECT imaging is growing in popularity due to enhanced imaging depth and spatial resolution for whole-body
  • advantages of producing NPs consisting of endogenous lipids or albumin, or having other substances that are degraded and excreted. Although the so-called quantum dots have been found useful for basic studies of cells and small animals, they are too toxic to be approved for human use [90][102]. It should be
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Published 12 Aug 2024

Recent progress on field-effect transistor-based biosensors: device perspective

  • Billel Smaani,
  • Fares Nafa,
  • Mohamed Salah Benlatrech,
  • Ismahan Mahdi,
  • Hamza Akroum,
  • Mohamed walid Azizi,
  • Khaled Harrar and
  • Sayan Kanungo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 977–994, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.80

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Published 06 Aug 2024

Beyond biomimicry – next generation applications of bioinspired adhesives from microfluidics to composites

  • Dan Sameoto

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 965–976, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.79

Graphical Abstract
  • draws inspiration from nature, as it is quite common for many animals to include multiple adhesion mechanisms. Between multimaterial 3D printing and the use of newer techniques to precisely define micro/nanofeatures [34] that are beyond the capabilities of traditional lithography, there is a good deal
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Published 05 Aug 2024

The effect of age on the attachment ability of stick insects (Phasmatodea)

  • Marie Grote,
  • Stanislav N. Gorb and
  • Thies H. Büscher

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 867–883, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.72

Graphical Abstract
  • to attach to various surfaces is helpful for climbing animals [11][14], and adapting to the quality of the substrate is especially important for motile animals, which may come into contact with different surfaces, such as plants [9][11][15]. In ageing cockroaches, attachment pad discoloration and
  • observations in locusts walking on abrasive sandpaper, leading to the formation of scars in older animals. Scars and stiffened cuticle likely conflict with the functionality of soft adhesive pads as the contact formation of the cuticle is hampered by the reduced material compliance. Phasmatodea, also known as
  • investigated various functions of this system and how it changes under certain conditions, such as substrate geometry [36], the presence or absence of claws [37], different surface characteristics of substrates [33][38][39], and the combined effect with pad fluids [40]. For these animals, whose lives strongly
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Published 15 Jul 2024

Investigation on drag reduction on rotating blade surfaces with microtextures

  • Qinsong Zhu,
  • Chen Zhang,
  • Fuhang Yu and
  • Yan Xu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 833–853, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.70

Graphical Abstract
  • moving animals, such as the “denticles” found on the surface of shark skin, which enable high-speed swimming [2], as well as the texture of bird feathers [3]. The phenomenon of drag reduction can also be observed on the surface of plants. For example, there is a superhydrophobic structure on the surface
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Published 10 Jul 2024

Simultaneous electrochemical determination of uric acid and hypoxanthine at a TiO2/graphene quantum dot-modified electrode

  • Vu Ngoc Hoang,
  • Dang Thi Ngoc Hoa,
  • Nguyen Quang Man,
  • Le Vu Truong Son,
  • Le Van Thanh Son,
  • Vo Thang Nguyen,
  • Le Thi Hong Phong,
  • Ly Hoang Diem,
  • Kieu Chan Ly,
  • Ho Sy Thang and
  • Dinh Quang Khieu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 719–732, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.60

Graphical Abstract
  • compared to healthy individuals is related to Parkinson’s disease [4]. The oxidation of HYP yields xanthine, which can be further oxidized to URI. Meat from shrimp, fish, and some other animals contain large amounts of HYP. High consumption of these foods has been considered to result in elevated levels of
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Published 20 Jun 2024

Functional fibrillar interfaces: Biological hair as inspiration across scales

  • Guillermo J. Amador,
  • Brett Klaassen van Oorschot,
  • Caiying Liao,
  • Jianing Wu and
  • Da Wei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 664–677, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.55

Graphical Abstract
  • the fact that, with respect to certain characteristics, organisms are scaled copies of each other [6]. For example, as expected from isometry, the total surface area of a salamander was found to scale with [7], and the same scaling was found for the total area of adhesive pads of animals within the
  • , hair-like trichomes on plant surfaces [27]. Overall, to promote homeostasis in plants, animals, bacteria, and bacteriophages, fibrillar structures contribute to the following functions: protection (e.g., thermal insulation and defense), locomotion and feeding, and sensing. This review will present how
  • biological hairs, or fibrillar structures, contribute to those functions across 20 orders of magnitude in organism mass and six orders of magnitude in hair thickness, from the nanometer-thick fibers on bacteriophages to the millimeter-thick hair and fur on mammals. Review Protection Plants and animals often
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Published 06 Jun 2024

Comparative analysis of the ultrastructure and adhesive secretion pathways of different smooth attachment pads of the stick insect Medauroidea extradentata (Phasmatodea)

  • Julian Thomas,
  • Stanislav N. Gorb and
  • Thies H. Büscher

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 612–630, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.52

Graphical Abstract
  • Department of Functional Morphology and Biomechanics (Kiel University, Germany). The insects were fed with blackberry leaves ad libitium and kept in a regular day and night cycle. Only adult female individuals were selected. The animals were kept with blackberry leaves in clean hard plastic boxes to reduce
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Published 29 May 2024

Fabrication of nanocrystal forms of ᴅ-cycloserine and their application for transdermal and enteric drug delivery systems

  • Hsuan-Ang Tsai,
  • Tsai-Miao Shih,
  • Theodore Tsai,
  • Jhe-Wei Hu,
  • Yi-An Lai,
  • Jui-Fu Hsiao and
  • Guochuan Emil Tsai

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 465–474, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.42

Graphical Abstract
  • housing, experimentation, and animal disposal were performed in general accordance with the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals (National Academy Press, Washington, DC, 2011). In addition, Eurofins (Taiwan site) conducted the animal studies. Eight-week-old Sprague Dawley rats were randomly
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Published 25 Apr 2024

Classification and application of metal-based nanoantioxidants in medicine and healthcare

  • Nguyen Nhat Nam,
  • Nguyen Khoi Song Tran,
  • Tan Tai Nguyen,
  • Nguyen Ngoc Trai,
  • Nguyen Phuong Thuy,
  • Hoang Dang Khoa Do,
  • Nhu Hoa Thi Tran and
  • Kieu The Loan Trinh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 396–415, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.36

Graphical Abstract
  • normal metabolism or an effect of exposure to external factors [3][4]. However, the natural antioxidants in our body do not always work efficiently because ROS are so pervasive. Although antioxidant supplements from natural sources such as plants and animals are considered an effective strategy to combat
  • resistance to severe environments than the antioxidants originating from plants and animals. More interestingly, through nanoencapsulation and nanodelivery, antioxidant nanomaterials improve the pharmacokinetics of natural antioxidants by preventing their degradation under stress conditions [9][10
  • diseases such as cancers, Alzheimer’s disease, and Parkinson′s disease. Although natural antioxidants from plants and animals play an important role in overcoming oxidative stress, such antioxidants have several limitations such as low stability, difficult long-term storage, and high cost of large-scale
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Published 12 Apr 2024
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