Time-resolved probing of laser-induced nanostructuring processes in liquids

• Maximilian Spellauge,
• David Redka,
• Mianzhen Mo,
• Changyong Song,
• Heinz Paul Huber and
• Anton Plech

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 968–1002, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.74

• phase transitions when sufficient thermal energy is coupled to the lattice. Depending on the energy density condition the lattice reaches, phase transitions can result in coalescence of multiple NPs [15][105] or in transformation of NPs into vapor, atomic clusters, and small molten NPs. In both cases

Theoretical study of the electronic and optical properties of a composite formed by the zeolite NaA and a magnetite cluster

• Joel Antúnez-García,
• Roberto Núñez-González,
• Vitalii Petranovskii,
• H’Linh Hmok,
• Armando Reyes-Serrato,
• Fabian N. Murrieta-Rico,
• Mufei Xiao and
• Jonathan Zamora

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 44–53, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.5

• because of the migration and coalescence of nanoparticles on the carrier material [21][22]. Such changes can significantly modify the physicochemical properties of the original nanomaterial. Also, the most interesting physicochemical properties are exhibited by clusters with subnanometer dimensions. For

Enhanced catalytic reduction through in situ synthesized gold nanoparticles embedded in glucosamine/alginate nanocomposites

• Chi-Hien Dang,
• Le-Kim-Thuy Nguyen,
• Minh-Trong Tran,
• Van-Dung Le,
• Nguyen Minh Ty,
• T. Ngoc Han Pham,
• Hieu Vu-Quang,
• Tran Thi Kim Chi,
• Tran Thi Huong Giang,
• Nguyen Thi Thanh Tu and
• Thanh-Danh Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1227–1237, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.99

• attachment of nanoparticles to form larger aggregates, followed by coalescence [32][33]. Additionally, the morphology of AuNPs changes significantly at higher temperatures, as evidenced by a reduction in the λmax values. The optimization of reaction time was carried out within a range of 0 to 140 min. Figure

Effect of wavelength and liquid on formation of Ag, Au, Ag/Au nanoparticles via picosecond laser ablation and SERS-based detection of DMMP

• Sree Satya Bharati Moram,
• Chandu Byram and
• Venugopal Rao Soma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1054–1069, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.86

• during the ablation. He et al. [58] demonstrated that at higher NaCl (10 mM) concentrations, ZnO NPs exhibited coalescence, increasing NPs size in comparison to those obtained in DW. In Figure 3, TEM images depicting as-synthesized Au NPs under different incident laser wavelengths (i.e., (a) 355, (b) 532

Water-assisted purification during electron beam-induced deposition of platinum and gold

• Cristiano Glessi,
• Fabian A. Polman and
• Cornelis W. Hagen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 884–896, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.73

• of migrating Pt species and particle coalescence than by the adsorption of precursor molecules. Furthermore, PtCx FEBID deposits exposed to e-beam curing showed an increase of Pt granule size, also indicating Pt mobility [60]. The presence of a multilayer of water on the substrate during deposition

Effect of repeating hydrothermal growth processes and rapid thermal annealing on CuO thin film properties

• Monika Ozga,
• Eunika Zielony,
• Aleksandra Wierzbicka,
• Anna Wolska,
• Marcin Klepka,
• Marek Godlewski,
• Bogdan J. Kowalski and
• Bartłomiej S. Witkowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 743–754, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.62

• nanocrystallites are not as clearly distinguishable. Under the influence of temperature, atoms can diffuse along the boundaries between particular crystallites, which leads to their coalescence. Moreover, annealing of polycrystalline films can lead to grain boundary migration to reduce the surface energy of the

Development and characterization of potential larvicidal nanoemulsions against Aedes aegypti

• Jonatas L. Duarte,
• Leonardo Delello Di Filippo,
• Anna Eliza Maciel de Faria Mota Oliveira,
• Rafael Miguel Sábio,
• Gabriel Davi Marena,
• Tais Maria Bauab,
• Cristiane Duque,
• Vincent Corbel and
• Marlus Chorilli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 104–114, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.10

• , polymers, vehicles, and the presence of electrolytes and their adsorption [32]. The zeta potential values found for the NEs obtained remained stable in the analyzed period, which indicates the stability of the formulation to avoid Ostwald maturation and coalescence of the droplets. Similar zeta potential

Control of morphology and crystallinity of CNTs in flame synthesis with one-dimensional reaction zone

• Muhammad Hilmi Ibrahim,
• Norikhwan Hamzah,
• Mohd Zamri Mohd Yusop,
• Ni Luh Wulan Septiani and
• Mohd Fairus Mohd Yasin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 741–750, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.61

• temperatures and lower HAB values, the particles can combine, sinter, and increase in size either due to Ostwald ripening or particle migration and coalescence [26]. The agglomeration occurs because of the high temperature, creating conditions similar to annealing. At higher HAB values, where the temperature

Titania nanoparticles for photocatalytic degradation of ethanol under simulated solar light

• Evghenii Goncearenco,
• Iuliana P. Morjan,
• Claudiu Teodor Fleaca,
• Florian Dumitrache,
• Elena Dutu,
• Monica Scarisoreanu,
• Valentin Serban Teodorescu,
• Alexandra Sandulescu,
• Crina Anastasescu and
• Ioan Balint

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 616–630, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.51

• coalescence in the laser pyrolysis flame at the highest working pressure. Similarly, in the “b” series, the nanoparticles contain crystallites with an average size of 20–25 nm and spherical particles with dimensions between 40 and 80 nm. The biggest spheres of the “b” series were identified in sample TO-450-b

Biocatalytic synthesis and ordered self-assembly of silica nanoparticles via a silica-binding peptide

• Mustafa Gungormus

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 280–290, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.25

• coalescence and Ostwald ripening of the particles. Growth by coalescence and Ostwald ripening is a fundamental process that plays a dominant role in nanoparticle formation. In coalescence, two or more particles combine to form a larger particle, whereas in Ostwald ripening, small particles dissolve in a

• released silicic acid is then deposited onto particles with larger radius. Evidence of coalescence was observed in our study as well (shown by the arrows in Figure 3 and Figure 4). At later stages of the reaction, when the precursor concentration drops below the nucleation threshold, the dominant regime

• condensation polymerization of the hydrolyzed precursor. Once colloidally stable nuclei form, growth ensues through monomer addition or coalescence and Ostwald ripening. The reactions involved in the Stöber process are described as follows: where Equation 2 is the ionization of the ammonia, Equation 3 is the

Antimicrobial and mechanical properties of functionalized textile by nanoarchitectured photoinduced Ag@polymer coating

• Jessica Plé,
• Marine Dabert,
• Helene Lecoq,
• Sophie Hellé,
• Lydie Ploux and
• Lavinia Balan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 95–109, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.11

• formation and coalescence during UV exposure. When comparing the absorbance spectra for both coatings after 15 s irradiation, the full-widths at half maximum (FMWH) are calculated to be 134 and 131 nm, for Ag@PEG600DA and Ag@PEG600DA/PETIA, respectively (Figure 2c). Consequently, the nanoparticle size

Combining physical vapor deposition structuration with dealloying for the creation of a highly efficient SERS platform

• Adrien Chauvin,
• Walter Puglisi,
• Damien Thiry,
• Cristina Satriano,
• Rony Snyders and
• Carla Bittencourt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 83–94, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.10

• the ligament size from 50 to 100 nm and in diameter values between 60 and 120 min, respectively, corresponds to the late stage of dealloying characterized by a step of coalescence of the ligaments [38][39]. Next, the influence of the silver content in the Ag–Al thin film on the dealloyed morphology

Bending and punching characteristics of aluminum sheets using the quasi-continuum method

• Man-Ping Chang,
• Shang-Jui Lin and
• Te-Hua Fang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1303–1315, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.108

• processes, the materials were strengthened if the initial crack coalesces again. On the contrary, if there is no coalescence, the cracks will rapidly spread and lead to the fracture of the materials [53]. Overall, these studies have confirmed that the QC method has been successfully applied in the fields of

Sputtering onto liquids: a critical review

• Anastasiya Sergievskaya,
• Adrien Chauvin and
• Stephanos Konstantinidis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 10–53, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.2

Irradiation-driven molecular dynamics simulation of the FEBID process for Pt(PF₃)₄

• Alexey Prosvetov,
• Alexey V. Verkhovtsev,
• Gennady Sushko and
• Andrey V. Solov’yov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1151–1172, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.86

• coalescence into metal-enriched clusters and bigger structures. As the typical dwell time values are relatively short, adsorption and desorption of precursor molecules within the irradiation phase are assumed negligible. In this step, the electron-induced precursor fragmentation is simulated by means of IDMD

Comprehensive review on ultrasound-responsive theranostic nanomaterials: mechanisms, structures and medical applications

• Sepand Tehrani Fateh,
• Lida Moradi,
• Elmira Kohan,
• Michael R. Hamblin and
• Amin Shiralizadeh Dezfuli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 808–862, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.64

Stability and activity of platinum nanoparticles in the oxygen electroreduction reaction: is size or uniformity of primary importance?

• Kirill O. Paperzh,
• Anastasia A. Alekseenko,
• Vadim A. Volochaev,
• Ilya V. Pankov,
• Olga A. Safronenko and
• Vladimir E. Guterman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 593–606, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.49

• increasing NP size [14][22][32][33][34][35][36]. The probability of agglomeration and coalescence of NPs during a stress test also decreases with an increase in the average distance between platinum NPs in catalysts, which results in an increase of their stability [14]. Apparently, a relatively high

• (from 120 to 88 m2·g−1(Pt)) (Table 2), which is due to both an increase in the average size and in NP coalescence (Table 1, Figure 3). When comparing the synthesized and commercial catalysts of the same composition, one can see that the ESA of JM catalysts is lower than that of G catalysts (Table 2

• the smaller NP size on the process of their degradation. According to [14][33], the decrease in ESA and activity of the catalysts during the cycling of the potential in the range of 0.6–1.0 V is largely due to the processes of platinum reprecipitation and coalescence of NPs. The proximity of the sizes

Colloidal particle aggregation: mechanism of assembly studied via constructal theory modeling

• Scott C. Bukosky,
• Sukrith Dev,
• Monica S. Allen and
• Jeffery W. Allen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 413–423, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.33

• that final equilibrium state. In concurrence with such constructal analyses, Bejan and Wagstaff showed that the natural coalescence of masses in space, with respect to attractive gravitational forces, will lead to a hierarchical distribution [11]. The internal tension of the system, which drives this

• natural coalescence, is decreased faster and more efficiently when the masses coalesce non-uniformly toward a state of equilibrium [10]. Similarly, Reis et al. used these principles to analyze how the electrostatic interactions between dust particles are minimized during particle agglomeration in air

Spontaneous shape transition of Mn_xGe_1−x islands to long nanowires

• S. Javad Rezvani,
• Luc Favre,
• Gabriele Giuli,
• Yiming Wubulikasimu,
• Isabelle Berbezier,
• Augusto Marcelli,
• Luca Boarino and
• Nicola Pinto

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 366–374, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.30

• everywhere on the sample surface. A thicker Mn layer (6.7 ML), under the same annealing conditions, yields larger islands with a mean lateral size of ≈400 nm and a homogeneous distribution on the surface area (Figure 1b). Their irregular shape is the result of a coalescence process of smaller nanoparticles

A review on the green and sustainable synthesis of silver nanoparticles and one-dimensional silver nanostructures

• Sina Kaabipour and
• Shohreh Hemmati

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 102–136, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.9

The role of gold atom concentration in the formation of Cu–Au nanoparticles from the gas phase

• Yuri Ya. Gafner,
• Svetlana L. Gafner,
• Darya A. Ryzkova and
• Andrey V. Nomoev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 72–81, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.6

• chemical methods, in which those processes are difficult to happen. The appearance of the particle in Figure 4 indicates that its formation occurred at low temperatures. This assumption is confirmed by the fact that, at these temperatures, the process of coalescence (fusion) of the clusters among

• themselves is almost completed due to the lack of the high kinetic energy necessary for this. In addition, the agglomeration processes, or simply particles sticking together, begin to prevail as shown in Figure 2. Therefore, the formation of an icosahedral structure had a nature different from coalescence

One-step synthesis of carbon-supported electrocatalysts

• Sebastian Tigges,
• Nicolas Wöhrl,
• Ivan Radev,
• Ulrich Hagemann,
• Markus Heidelmann,
• Thai Binh Nguyen,
• Stanislav Gorelkov,
• Stephan Schulz and
• Axel Lorke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1419–1431, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.126

• electrochemical long-term stability of these electrodes is often unsatisfactory due to particle coalescence and Ostwald ripening [15]. These degradation processes can be avoided by increasing interparticle distance (at the expense of the electrochemically active surface) or by creating barriers to prevent NP

Phase inversion-based nanoemulsions of medium chain triglyceride as potential drug delivery system for parenteral applications

• Eike Folker Busmann,
• Dailén García Martínez,
• Henrike Lucas and
• Karsten Mäder

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 213–224, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.16

• by the colored zones. The solutions corresponding to the grey zones did not yield any stable nanoemulsions because they (1) resulted in creaming and/or coalescence directly after the shock dilution, or (2) the phase inversion temperature was higher than the boiling point of the aqueous phase. For

• on the particle diameter is illustrated in Figure 6. With the exception of emulsion NE25, all nanoemulsions were stable over the course of eight weeks at the three storage conditions. Only NE25 underwent creaming and coalescence at 40 °C resulting in a significant increase of the particle diameter up

• coalescence or no phase inversion were observed in the grey zone. Ideal osmolality of aqueous sodium chloride solutions after Ph. Eur. 2.2.35 and experimental osmolality of aqueous dissolved Kolliphor HS 15, fitted according to Equation 1 and Equation 2. Ternary phase diagrams showing (a) the resulting

Coating of upconversion nanoparticles with silica nanoshells of 5–250 nm thickness

• Cynthia Kembuan,
• Maysoon Saleh,
• Bastian Rühle,
• Ute Resch-Genger and
• Christina Graf

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2410–2421, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.231

• stepwise growth, falls below −40 mV, the particles can be dispersed in an ammoniacal ethanol solution and grown further by the continuous addition of tetraethyl orthosilicate to a diameter larger than 500 nm. Due to the high colloidal stability, a coalescence of the particles can be suppressed, and single

Gold-coated plant virus as computed tomography imaging contrast agent

• Alaa A. A. Aljabali,
• Mazhar S. Al Zoubi,
• Khalid M. Al-Batanyeh,
• Ali Al-Radaideh,
• Mohammad A. Obeid,
• Abeer Al Sharabi,
• Walhan Alshaer,
• Bayan AbuFares,
• Tasnim Al-Zanati,
• Murtaza M. Tambuwala,
• Naveed Akbar and
• David J. Evans

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1983–1993, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.195

• limited coalescence. Au-CPMV assemblies were freely suspended; no aggregation was observed by nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) or dynamic light scattering (DLS). The successful coating of CPMV particles with gold was confirmed by TEM (Figure 1). Nearly spherical NPs were observed the average diameters