Fractional shot noise of an SU(N) Kondo system

• Damian Krychowski and
• Stanisław Lipiński

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 515–540, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.34

• –dissipation theorem to the linear conductance; thus, equilibrium noise does not carry extra information other than this from conductance [67]. Coulomb repulsion between electrons and their fermionic nature can regulate their motion, an effect that cannot be deduced from the time-averaged DC measurements, but

Defects and defect-mediated engineering of two-dimensional materials: challenges and open questions

• Arkady V. Krasheninnikov,
• Matthias Batzill,
• Anouar-Akacha Delenda,
• Marija Drndić,
• Chris Ewels,
• Katharina J. Franke,
• Mahdi Ghorbani-Asl,
• Alexander Holleitner,
• Ado Jorio,
• Ute Kaiser,
• Daria Kieczka,
• Hannu-Pekka Komsa,
• Jani Kotakoski,
• Manuel Längle,
• David Lamprecht,
• Yun Liu,
• Steven G. Louie,
• Janina Maultzsch,
• Thomas Michely,
• Katherine Milton,
• Anna Niggas,
• Hanako Okuno,
• Joshua A. Robinson,
• Marika Schleberger,
• Bruno Schuler,
• Alexander Shluger,
• Kazu Suenaga,
• Kristian S. Thygesen,
• Richard A. Wilhelm,
• E. Harriet Åhlgren and
• Carla Bittencourt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 454–488, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.31

• vacancy clusters is highly exothermic and should be accompanied by dissipation of about 8.6 eV on the WS2 surface [62]. Modelling the mechanism of this dissipation is a complex problem. In addition to creating heat and electron–hole pairs, it may involve desorption of atoms and molecules, such as SO2 [60

Beam shaping techniques for pulsed laser ablation in liquids: Unlocking tunable control of nanoparticle synthesis in liquids

• Sergio Molina-Prados,
• Nadezhda M. Bulgakova,
• Alexander V. Bulgakov,
• Jesus Lancis,
• Gladys Mínguez Vega and
• Carlos Doñate-Buendia

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 309–342, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.22

• they enable. Similarly, temporal pulse shaping modifies the interaction time and heat generation and dissipation, allowing for better control of overheat accumulation and nonlinear effects during ablation. These approaches provide a path toward more consistent and tunable NP synthesis, further

• maximise ablation efficiency through minimisation of thermal dissipation [109]. However, pulse shaping in PLAL still represents a barely explored approach, being mostly limited to experiments with controlled temporal delays between pulses. Further evaluating the possibilities of pulse shaping in PLAL holds

Calculation of the dynamic stiffness of a cantilever under torsional oscillation

• Keita Nishida,
• Yuuki Yasui and
• Yoshiaki Sugimoto

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 303–308, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.21

• : atomic force microscopy; dynamic stiffness; energy dissipation; friction; torsional oscillation mode; Introduction Friction serves as a fundamental mechanism of energy dissipation [1]. While friction typically arises from direct mechanical contact between surfaces, energy dissipation can also occur even

• in the absence of physical contact, and this dissipation is called non-contact friction [2]. Its origins have been investigated down to the nanometer scale [3][4][5]. In particular, the origin of non-contact friction is attributed to electromagnetic interactions between the two bodies, although its

• detailed mechanisms remain not fully understood [5]. Non-contact atomic force microscopy (nc-AFM) is widely employed to investigate non-contact friction through its dissipation channel. Common techniques include pendulum AFM, bimodal AFM, and quartz tuning fork AFM [6][7][8]. Pendulum AFM uses cantilevers

Fast vortex dynamics and relaxation times in NbRe-based heterostructures

• Francesco De Chiara,
• Zahra Makhdoumi Kakhaki,
• Francesco Avitabile,
• Francesco Colangelo,
• Abhishek Kumar,
• Carmine Attanasio and
• Carla Cirillo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 292–302, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.20

• as flux flow, which is associated with energy dissipation [2]. As the current increases further, jex ≫ jc, and as the vortex velocity approaches a maximum critical value, this regime may become unstable. A sudden voltage jump is observed in the I–V characteristic, attributed to the collapse of

• = 1.2 T. This indicates that, for magnetic fields larger than 0.1 T, the NbRe/Py microbridge is affected by thermal effects and that the vortex instability dynamics is influenced by thermal dissipation mechanisms. The different impact of thermal effects observed in the two microbridges can be traced

• back to material-dependent and intrinsic geometrical factors. The thermal dissipation affecting the flux-flow instability is dominated by processes occurring within the superconducting microstrip itself, namely vortex motion and flux-flow dissipation, which are strongly influenced by the nature of the

Time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry imaging of contaminant species in chemical vapour deposited graphene on copper

• Barry Brennan,
• Vlad-Petru Veigang-Radulescu,
• Philipp Braeuninger-Weimer,
• Stephan Hofmann and
• Andrew J. Pollard

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 200–213, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.13

• directly under the graphene after post-growth exposure to atmosphere. This could have implications for better understanding transfer mechanisms that rely on oxidation of the Cu substrate [39][40], defect characterisation [41], or the heat dissipation ability of graphene on Cu [42]. Methods CVD graphene

Development and in vitro evaluation of liposomes and immunoliposomes containing 5-fluorouracil and R-phycoerythrin as a potential phototheranostic system for colorectal cancer

• Raissa Rodrigues Camelo,
• Vivianne Cortez Sombra Vandesmet,
• Octavio Vital Baccallini,
• José de Brito Vieira Neto,
• Thais da Silva Moreira,
• Luzia Kalyne Almeida Moreira Leal,
• Claudia Pessoa,
• Daniel Giuliano Cerri,
• Maria Vitória Lopes Badra Bentley,
• Josimar O. Eloy,
• Ivanildo José da Silva Júnior and
• Raquel Petrilli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 97–121, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.7

• , and viscoelastic materials [61][62]. The decoration of liposomes with cetuximab may result in a softer outer surface than the underlying lipid bilayer, explaining the observed increase in energy dissipation. These data strongly support that the surface properties of this liposome formulation were

Internal 3D temperature mapping in biological systems using ratiometric light-sheet imaging and lipid-coated upconversion nanothermometers

• Dannareli Barron-Ortiz,
• Enric Pérez-Parets,
• Rubén D. Cadena-Nava,
• Emilio J. Gualda,
• Jacob Licea-Rodríguez,
• Juan Hernández-Cordero,
• Pablo Loza-Álvarez and
• Israel Rocha-Mendoza

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2306–2316, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.159

• from dysregulated metabolism (i.e., the Warburg effect) [3][4] and chaotic vasculature that impairs heat dissipation [5][6]. These factors can create thermal gradients of 0.5–2.0 °C between tumors and healthy tissue, with even greater differences at the subcellular level [7][8][9]. Consequently, the

Improving magnetic properties of Mn- and Zn-doped core–shell iron oxide nanoparticles by tuning their size

• Dounia Louaguef,
• Ghouti Medjahdi,
• Sébastien Diliberto,
• Klaus M. Seemann,
• Thomas Gries,
• Joelle Bizeau,
• Damien Mertz,
• Eric Gaffet and
• Halima Alem

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2285–2295, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.157

• to note, however, that magnetic anisotropy alone does not guarantee enhanced heating efficiency. As highlighted by Dirba et al., there exists an optimal range of magnetic anisotropy for effective energy dissipation in alternating magnetic fields [22]. Excessively high anisotropy may hinder relaxation

• and moment, both of which contribute to higher energy dissipation. For example, CoFe2O4@MnFe2O4 NPs have been shown to achieve SAR values in the range of 210–320 W·g−1 under specific magnetic field conditions, demonstrating the effectiveness of core–shell structures in enhancing hyperthermia

• particles at room temperature, with a blocking temperature of approximately 235 K for the largest core–shell system. In magnetic hyperthermia experiments, the 50 nm Zn0.4Fe2.6O4@MnFe2O4 NPs achieved SAR values up to 110 W·g−1, indicating efficient energy dissipation under alternating magnetic fields. These

Optical bio/chemical sensors for vitamin B₁₂ analysis in food and pharmaceuticals: state of the art, challenges, and future outlooks

• Seyed Mohammad Taghi Gharibzahedi and
• Zeynep Altintas

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2207–2244, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.153

Multifrequency AFM integrating PeakForce tapping and higher eigenmodes for heterogeneous surface characterization

• Yanping Wei,
• Jiafeng Shen,
• Yirong Yao,
• Xuke Li,
• Ming Li and
• Peiling Ke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2077–2085, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.142

• these different areas (see Supporting Information File 1, Figure S2). Mechanistic insights and operational advantages The material contrast generated by the superposed eigenmode phase originates from the cantilever’s high sensitivity to the gradient of tip–sample interactions and energy dissipation

• processes [6][26], complementing the absolute force measurements obtained from the quasi-static PeakForce feedback loop. This dual-mechanism approach enables the detection of a broad range of near-surface properties, including elastic modulus, viscoelasticity, and dissipation, greatly enhancing material

Laser ablation in liquids for shape-tailored synthesis of nanomaterials: status and challenges

• Natalie Tarasenka

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1963–1997, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.137

• the NPs in solid and liquid state, respectively, and Lm is the latent heat of fusion. These equations allow to determine the threshold irradiance required to melt NPs of specific sizes and compositions using laser pulses with a selected duration, fluence, and wavelength: The dissipation of the

PEGylated lipids in lipid nanoparticle delivery dynamics and therapeutic innovation

• Peiyang Gao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1914–1930, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.133

• microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) reveals that reducing D below RPEG (D < RPEG) forces chain extension through lateral compression, forming brush conformations where the excluded volume effect dominates [14]. For PEG2k (RPEG2k ≈ 8.2 nm), achieving this brush regime requires interchain distances

Programmable soliton dynamics in all-Josephson-junction logic cells and networks

• Vsevolod I. Ruzhickiy,
• Anastasia A. Maksimovskaya,
• Sergey V. Bakurskiy,
• Andrey E. Schegolev,
• Maxim V. Tereshonok,
• Mikhail Yu. Kupriyanov,
• Nikolay V. Klenov and
• Igor I. Soloviev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1883–1893, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.131

• normalized time, τ. Our simulations revealed a critical damping threshold at αcrit ≈ 0.8; below this value, stable soliton propagation is not supported. Also, under this condition, the energy dissipation rate is too high relative to the energy transfer between adjacent junctions, causing the soliton to decay

Self-assembly and adhesive properties of Pollicipes pollicipes barnacle cement protein cp19k: influence of pH and ionic strength

• Shrutika Sawant,
• Anne Marie Power and
• J. Gerard Wall

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1863–1872, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.129

• bond formation, metal chelation, and covalent interactions [6]. The byssal threads display a mechanical gradient, with regions proximal to the animal more elastic and distal regions stiffer and tougher [7]. This design allows for effective dissipation of hydrodynamic forces and maintains attachment of

• quartz crystal microbalance-dissipation (QCM-D)-based studies of the adhesive properties of rPolcp19k-his monomers and fibres formed under different physicochemical conditions, as well as after a similar pH switch, are planned. Conclusion This study identifies a low pH and high salt concentration

Energy spectrum and quantum phase transition of the coupled single spin and an infinitely coordinated Ising chain

• Seidali Seidov,
• Natalia Pugach and
• Anatolie Sidorenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1668–1676, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.117

• the Markovian approximation, and also the correct way of introducing the Lindblad dissipation operators. These problems remain important in the general field of open quantum systems, extending beyond spin models [7][8][9]. One of the practical applications is modelling of certain quantum computing

Modeling magnetic properties of cobalt nanofilms used as a component of spin hybrid superconductor–ferromagnetic structures

• Aleksey Fedotov,
• Olesya Severyukhina,
• Anastasia Salomatina and
• Anatolie Sidorenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1557–1566, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.110

• are currently used, as well as fundamental features of the thin film formation processes with new composition and coatings of various types. These types of nanomaterials are very promising (in terms of computational performance and energy dissipation efficiency) for use in superconducting digital

Transient electronics for sustainability: Emerging technologies and future directions

• Jae-Young Bae,
• Myung-Kyun Choi and
• Seung-Kyun Kang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1545–1556, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.109

• layers are also increasingly expected to provide resistance against mechanical shocks, electromagnetic shielding, and thermal dissipation. The development of new material systems capable of fulfilling these multifunctional requirements is essential for expanding the practical utility of bioresorbable

• degradation. While polymeric and inorganic coatings have demonstrated partial success, a unified encapsulation platform capable of addressing water barrier performance, mechanical robustness, and multifunctional protection, such as electromagnetic shielding or thermal dissipation, remains an unmet need. To

Mechanical stability of individual bacterial cells under different osmotic pressure conditions: a nanoindentation study of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

• Lizeth García-Torres,
• Idania De Alba Montero,
• Eleazar Samuel Kolosovas-Machuca,
• Facundo Ruiz,
• Sumati Bhatia,
• Jose Luis Cuellar Camacho and
• Jaime Ruiz-García

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1171–1183, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.86

• . Therefore, the pre-programed grid in FV defines the amount of information (number of nanoindentations per scanned line) taken from the sample surface and also its resolution. Typical parameters obtained using the FV mode are the height, stiffness, adhesion, elasticity modulus, and dissipation of the sample

Time-resolved probing of laser-induced nanostructuring processes in liquids

• Maximilian Spellauge,
• David Redka,
• Mianzhen Mo,
• Changyong Song,
• Heinz Paul Huber and
• Anton Plech

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 968–1002, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.74

• transitions can be well modeled by classical approaches down to the nanometer scale in a local thermodynamic equilibrium [32][33][34]. A synthesis of the different coevolving phenomena with excitation and dissipation requires more detailed numerical approaches [35] or simulations. Molecular dynamics (MD

• provide an alternative pathway to understanding the energy dissipation pertinent to NP excitation in a liquid medium, as described in the next section. The abovementioned results highlight the capability of UED in probing laser-induced structural dynamics in liquid-phase systems. In particular, its

• femtosecond time resolution and ability to access large momentum transfer enable real-time imaging of chemical bond dynamics. We anticipate that UED will complement X-ray scattering techniques in studying liquid dynamics, providing critical insights into energy dissipation processes in laser-excited NPs

Nanoscale capacitance spectroscopy based on multifrequency electrostatic force microscopy

• Pascal N. Rohrbeck,
• Lukas D. Cavar,
• Franjo Weber,
• Peter G. Reichel,
• Mara Niebling and
• Stefan A. L. Weber

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 637–651, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.49

• way for the design of materials with tailored functionalities [1][2][3][4][5][6]. Dielectric properties are fundamental for understanding the behavior and performance of various material systems, as they directly influence charge storage, polarization, and energy dissipation mechanisms. For instance

Enhancing mechanical properties of chitosan/PVA electrospun nanofibers: a comprehensive review

• Nur Areisman Mohd Salleh,
• Amalina Muhammad Afifi,
• Fathiah Mohamed Zuki and
• Hanna Sofia SalehHudin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 286–307, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.22

• smaller distance between molecular chains, which improves energy dissipation. Saeedi et al. [142] conducted DMTA tests and found that storage modulus and loss modulus of chitosan/PVA improved with the addition of graphene oxide. An improvement of loss modulus indicates resistance of polymer chains against

Advanced atomic force microscopy techniques V

• Philipp Rahe,
• Ilko Bald,
• Nadine Hauptmann,
• Regina Hoffmann-Vogel,
• Harry Mönig and
• Michael Reichling

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 54–56, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.6

• Joule dissipation leads to energy dissipation of the cantilever oscillation and a reduction in amplitude for constant excitation. They focus on two-dimensional materials and discuss how the reduction in amplitude resulting from energy dissipation influences the height measurement. In addition to the

Theoretical study of the electronic and optical properties of a composite formed by the zeolite NaA and a magnetite cluster

• Joel Antúnez-García,
• Roberto Núñez-González,
• Vitalii Petranovskii,
• H’Linh Hmok,
• Armando Reyes-Serrato,
• Fabian N. Murrieta-Rico,
• Mufei Xiao and
• Jonathan Zamora

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 44–53, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.5

• this range ε1xx = ε1yy = ε1zz then ε1 = 1.5; consequently, the speed with which an electromagnetic wave propagates through this zeolite is v = 0.81c. Of course, the speed of propagation of electromagnetic waves outside this range may not be the same. Given that ε2 quantifies energy dissipation within

• the medium [64], Figure 6a shows that ideally the zeolite exhibits null dissipation within this energy range. Figure 6a indicates that the zeolite exhibits negligible dissipation in this specific energy range. Particularly within the visible spectrum (ranging from 1.63 to 3.26 eV or from 380 to 700 nm

• ), this absence of dissipation shows that the material is transparent, a characteristic commonly associated with distinct aluminosilicates [65][66][67][68][69][70][71][72][73]. Given that the ELF is connected to the relative permittivity as follows [74]: it is anticipated that its behavior below the

Heterogeneous reactions in a HFCVD reactor: simulation using a 2D model

• Xochitl Aleyda Morán Martínez,
• José Alberto Luna López,
• Zaira Jocelyn Hernández Simón,
• Gabriel Omar Mendoza Conde,
• José Álvaro David Hernández de Luz and
• Godofredo García Salgado

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1627–1638, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.128

• ), (∇u)T is the transposed velocity gradient tensor, τ is the viscous stress tensor (Pa), μ is the dynamic viscosity (Pa·s), Q includes heat sources other than viscous dissipation (W·m−3), and δij is the Kronecker delta symbol. All equations in this section were taken from [26], except Equation 5, which