Characterization of ZnO nanoparticles synthesized using probiotic Lactiplantibacillus plantarum GP258

• Prashantkumar Siddappa Chakra,
• Aishwarya Banakar,
• Shriram Narayan Puranik,
• Vishwas Kaveeshwar,
• C. R. Ravikumar and
• Devaraja Gayathri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 78–89, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.8

• demonstrated enhanced electrochemical performance and capacitance modulation. These findings highlight the potential of ZnO NPs as efficient electrocatalysts for various applications in energy-related technologies. The antibacterial activity of ZnO NPs synthesized using GP258 isolate is likely multifactorial

New application of bimetallic Ag/Pt nanoplates in a colorimetric biosensor for specific detection of E. coli in water

• Azam Bagheri Pebdeni,
• Mohammad N. AL-Baiati and
• Morteza Hosseini

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 95–103, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.9

• ], photocatalytic degradation and bactericidal action [21], sensors and biosensors [22][23][24][25], and as electrocatalysts [26]. Aptamers are single-stranded DNA or RNA oligonucleotides that attach to their targets with great affinity and specificity. Aptamers have high stability in a variety of environments and

Influence of conductive carbon and MnCo₂O₄ on morphological and electrical properties of hydrogels for electrochemical energy conversion

• Sylwia Pawłowska,
• Karolina Cysewska,
• Yasamin Ziai,
• Jakub Karczewski,
• Piotr Jasiński and
• Sebastian Molin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 57–70, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.6

• the hydrogel contributes to the improvement of the electronic conductivity of weakly conductive electrocatalysts, such as metal oxides, ultimately affecting their catalytic efficiency and thus reducing the overpotential of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) process [46]. In this work, we suspended

• electrocatalysts, there is no improvement in the catalytic efficiency due to the procedure we used to produce the catalytic layer. However, the important parameter here is the "loading of the catalyst", which tells about the amount of catalyst used to prepare the hydrogel-based electrode. It is visible that the

Ni, Co, Zn, and Cu metal-organic framework-based nanomaterials for electrochemical reduction of CO₂: A review

• Ha Huu Do and
• Hai Bang Truong

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 904–911, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.74

• ]. The first work on electrocatalytic CO2 reduction was published in 1870 using a Zn material to produce HCOOH [17][18]. Subsequent investigations have yielded numerous studies focusing on the development of electrocatalysts for CO2RR. In 1994, Hori et al. highlighted that the selectivity of products

• transfer processes take place to create intermediates such as *CHO, *CO, and *COO. The process could include many electrons attending in the electrochemical reaction, and orientate the formed products. Finally, these species are desorbed from the active sites of electrocatalysts to generate various

• RHE). The authors attributed the active center for CO2 conversion to Co(I) species generated through the reduction of Co(II). Zn-based MOFs nanomaterials Zinc (Zn) metal-based electrocatalysts have been identified as outstanding candidates for CO2 conversion into CO because of their low cost, nontoxic

Evaluation of electrosynthesized reduced graphene oxide–Ni/Fe/Co-based (oxy)hydroxide catalysts towards the oxygen evolution reaction

• Karolina Cysewska,
• Marcin Łapiński,
• Marcin Zając,
• Jakub Karczewski,
• Piotr Jasiński and
• Sebastian Molin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 420–433, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.34

• catalysts specifically influenced the process. The improvement in the OER by NiFe-GO results mainly from the structure of NiFe and the electroactive surface area of GO. Keywords: electrocatalysts; electrodeposition; energy; hydrogen; oxygen evolution reaction; Introduction Nowadays, the industrial

Electrocatalytic oxygen reduction activity of AgCoCu oxides on reduced graphene oxide in alkaline media

• Iyyappan Madakannu,
• Indrajit Patil,
• Bhalchandra Kakade and
• Kasibhatta Kumara Ramanatha Datta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1020–1029, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.89

• , Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur – 603203, Tamil Nadu, India 10.3762/bjnano.13.89 Abstract Silver-based electrocatalysts as promising substitutes for platinum materials for cathodic oxygen electroreduction have been extensively researched

• AgCuCo (0.6:1.5:1.5, 2:1:1, and 6:1:1) oxide NPs supported on a reduced graphene oxide (rGO) matrix. Morphology, composition, and functional groups were methodically analysed using various microscopic and spectroscopic techniques. The as-prepared electrocatalysts were employed as cathode substrates for

• the overall performance of the reaction [3][4]. There is an increasing use of platinum catalysts with diverse morphologies and the combination with noble and non-noble metal-based alloy/multimetallic nanoparticles (NPs) as potential electrocatalysts under extreme pH values [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12

Progress and innovation of nanostructured sulfur cathodes and metal-free anodes for room-temperature Na–S batteries

• Marina Tabuyo-Martínez,
• Bernd Wicklein and
• Pilar Aranda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 995–1020, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.75

• collector. As a result, the sodium polysulfide/MWCNT fabric cathode delivers a discharge capacity of 400 mAh·g−1 after 30 cycles. Transition metal nanoparticles as polysulfide sequestrants and electrocatalysts As discussed above, hollow and porous carbonaceous structures, and in particular nitrogen or

• interactions, and the free space for volume expansion that is provided by the HSMC matrix. In addition to sequestering polysulfides, transition metals may also act as electrocatalysts in the reduction reaction of long-chain sodium polysulfides into short-chain sodium polysulfides or sodium sulfide

• . Consequently, the electrocatalysts accelerate the reaction kinetics, improving the electrochemical performance of Na–S batteries. Different compounds were shown to have this property such as cobalt nanoparticles [34][45][46], iron nanoclusters [47] and iron disulfide [48], gold nanodots [49], nickel sulfide

Stability and activity of platinum nanoparticles in the oxygen electroreduction reaction: is size or uniformity of primary importance?

• Kirill O. Paperzh,
• Anastasia A. Alekseenko,
• Vadim A. Volochaev,
• Ilya V. Pankov,
• Olga A. Safronenko and
• Vladimir E. Guterman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 593–606, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.49

• urgent task and the optimization of their structure seems to be one of the possible solutions. In the present paper, Pt/C electrocatalysts containing small (2–2.6 nm) nanoparticles (NPs) of a similar size, uniformly distributed over the surface of a carbon support, were obtained by the original method of

• . Keywords: durability; electrocatalysts; morphology control; oxygen reduction reaction; platinum nanoparticles; size distribution; spatial distribution; Introduction Nowadays, low-temperature proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) are gaining a wider application. This is due to their environmental

• hydrogen oxidation or an organic reducing agent oxidation (e.g. methanol) occur [4][5]. The need to carry out high-rate electrode reactions requires electrocatalysts (i.e., platinum nanoparticles – NPs – or its alloys), deposited mainly onto nano/microparticles of carbon supports, which are currently the

One-step synthesis of carbon-supported electrocatalysts

• Sebastian Tigges,
• Nicolas Wöhrl,
• Ivan Radev,
• Ulrich Hagemann,
• Markus Heidelmann,
• Thai Binh Nguyen,
• Stanislav Gorelkov,
• Stephan Schulz and
• Axel Lorke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1419–1431, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.126

• platinum loading, degree of oxidation, and the very narrow particle size distribution are precisely adjusted in the Pt/C hybrid material due to the simultaneous deposition of platinum and carbon during the process. The as-synthesized Pt/C hybrid materials are promising electrocatalysts for use in fuel cell

• as solvothermal and hydrothermal synthesis [9]. In these processes, long ultrasonication as well as reduction/heating procedures are required [6][10], both of which will impede industrial production. In contrast, physical approaches for the synthesis of electrocatalysts (such as plasma-assisted

• only addresses the above-discussed challenges but also represents a reproducible method, which in principle is scalable, for the production of carbon-supported electrocatalysts developed on the basis of a previously reported process [17]. An inductively coupled plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition

Atomic layer deposition for efficient oxygen evolution reaction at Pt/Ir catalyst layers

• Stefanie Schlicht,
• Korcan Percin,
• Stefanie Kriescher,
• André Hofer,
• Claudia Weidlich,
• Matthias Wessling and
• Julien Bachmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 952–959, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.79

• different types are not possible. The goal of the present paper is to provide such a direct comparison between two very distinct preparation methods of bimetallic Pt/Ir electrocatalysts. For both catalyst types, we will consider one electrode substrate (titanium felt) [15], one electrolyte (0.5 M H2SO4 at

Nickel nanoparticles supported on a covalent triazine framework as electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution reaction and oxygen reduction reactions

• Secil Öztürk,
• Yu-Xuan Xiao,
• Dennis Dietrich,
• Beatriz Giesen,
• Juri Barthel,
• Jie Ying,
• Xiao-Yu Yang and
• Christoph Janiak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 770–781, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.62

• same conditions. Ni/CTF-1-600 displays an OER catalytic activity comparable with many nickel-based electrocatalysts and is a potential candidate for OER. The same Ni/CTF-1-600 material shows a half-wave potential of 0.775 V for ORR, which is slightly lower than that of commercial Pt/C (0.890 V

• the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) are two crucial processes, which require improvements through the design of efficient catalysts. Both OER and ORR suffer from slow kinetics of the four-electron transfer process [2][3]. Thus, highly efficient electrocatalysts with enhanced performance need to be

• developed. Noble metals (Ir, Ru) and their oxides are the current commercial electrocatalysts for the OER, whereas Pt metal is the benchmark catalyst for the ORR [4][5]. Yet, all these catalysts have drawbacks such as scarcity and high cost, which are disadvantageous for their large-scale production and

Electrochemically derived functionalized graphene for bulk production of hydrogen peroxide

• Munaiah Yeddala,
• Pallavi Thakur,
• Anugraha A and
• Tharangattu N. Narayanan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 432–442, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.34

• functionalized EEG samples are stable electrocatalysts for electrochemical H2O2 production even under harsh alkaline conditions. Hence it can be concluded that the presence of oxygen functional groups is a key factor in improving the ORR, and they undergo the redox process during the reaction in acidic medium

Design and facile synthesis of defect-rich C-MoS₂/rGO nanosheets for enhanced lithium–sulfur battery performance

• Chengxiang Tian,
• Juwei Wu,
• Zheng Ma,
• Bo Li,
• Pengcheng Li,
• Xiaotao Zu and
• Xia Xiang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2251–2260, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.217

• method. We concentrate not only on the material design based on both structure and chemical composition but also on the development of MoS2 electrocatalysts. Firstly, the MoS2 nanosheets are interconnected with rGO and then well covered by the carbon layer. This means that overall connected conductive

Hierarchically structured 3D carbon nanotube electrodes for electrocatalytic applications

• Pei Wang,
• Katarzyna Kulp and
• Michael Bron

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1475–1487, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.146

• electrocatalysts. The bottom-up synthesis of these nanocomposites was monitored using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Raman spectroscopy, and it is demonstrated that the hierarchical structures can be tuned with respect to thickness, length, and density of the CNTs. The activity of the Pt-CNT/CNT/GC

Alloyed Pt₃M (M = Co, Ni) nanoparticles supported on S- and N-doped carbon nanotubes for the oxygen reduction reaction

• Stéphane Louisia,
• Yohann R. J. Thomas,
• Pierre Lecante,
• Marie Heitzmann,
• M. Rosa Axet,
• Pierre-André Jacques and
• Philippe Serp

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1251–1269, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.125

• . On Pt3Co catalysts, the support annealing induces a pronounced decrease of both the ECSA and SA, whereas on Pt3Ni catalysts, the annealing induces an increase of the ECSA and a slight decrease of the SA. It is thus demonstrated that the specific activity of Pt3Ni and Pt3Co electrocatalysts for the

Glucose-derived carbon materials with tailored properties as electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction

• Rafael Gomes Morais,
• Natalia Rey-Raap,
• José Luís Figueiredo and
• Manuel Fernando Ribeiro Pereira

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1089–1102, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.109

• of the nitrogen functionalities. Keywords: electrocatalysts; microporosity; nitrogen-doped carbon materials; oxygen reduction reaction; surface chemistry; Introduction Due to the recent increase in interest for more sustainable, renewable and cheaper energy, multiple conversion devices are being

• materials [3][4] have been widely studied as electrocatalysts in ORR due to their attractive physical and electrochemical properties. Among these materials, metal-free carbon materials have received tremendous attention due to their versatility and lower price in comparison with metal-based materials [2

• incorporate nitrogen atoms and to modify the surface chemistry of carbon materials [39][40]. Some of these doping techniques have shown to provide materials with similar ORR performance as commercially available Pt/C electrocatalysts [39]. However, most of these studies have been focused only on the effect of

Mo-doped boron nitride monolayer as a promising single-atom electrocatalyst for CO₂ conversion

• Qianyi Cui,
• Gangqiang Qin,
• Weihua Wang,
• Lixiang Sun,
• Aijun Du and
• Qiao Sun

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 540–548, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.55

• ), including Sc to Zn, Mo, Ru, Rh, Pd and Ag, supported on a boron nitride (BN) monolayer with boron vacancies, were investigated as electrocatalysts for the CO2 reduction reaction (CRR) using comprehensive density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The results demonstrate that a single-Mo-atom-doped boron

• (TM = Sc to Zn, Mo, Rh, Ru, Pd and Ag) anchored on the boron vacancy in a BN monolayer as electrocatalysts for CO2 conversion through comprehensive density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Based on the calculated results, single Mo doped onto a BN (Mo-doped BN) monolayer was selected as the

• [9][11]. This is a widely used, basic criterion for selecting catalyst materials for electrocatalysts in TM-doped BN for the N2 reduction reaction, whereby the criterion is that the catalyst can facilitate the chemisorption of N2 molecules [45]. To screen for promising transition metals to be doped

Amorphous Ni_xCo_yP-supported TiO₂ nanotube arrays as an efficient hydrogen evolution reaction electrocatalyst in acidic solution

• Yong Li,
• Peng Yang,
• Bin Wang and
• Zhongqing Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 62–70, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.6

• hurdle, but their exorbitant cost and scarcity seriously limit their large-scale application. Hence, it is quite appealing to develop inexpensive and earth-abundance electrocatalysts with higher electrolytic efficiency and lower dynamic overpotential [7][8]. More recently, transition-metal phosphides

• (TMPs) have attracted great interest as efficient HER electrocatalysts, including NixP, MoP, CoP, FeP and Cu3P. These materials are significantly promising because of their abundance, remarkable stability and activity derived from their hydrogenase-like catalytic mechanism [9][10][11][12][13][14]. By

• normalized by the geometrical area of the cathodes immersed in electrolyte solution. The obtained potential (vs Ag/AgCl) was converted RHE after imposing iRs correction, using the following Equation 1: Results and Discussion Characterization of electrocatalysts Figure 1 shows the wide-angle XRD patterns of

Hydrothermal-derived carbon as a stabilizing matrix for improved cycling performance of silicon-based anodes for lithium-ion full cells

• Mirco Ruttert,
• Florian Holtstiege,
• Jessica Hüsker,
• Markus Börner,
• Martin Winter and
• Tobias Placke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2381–2395, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.223

• nanospheres was also reported by Xia et al. [62] during the synthesis of carbon spheres containing electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reactions. Heckmann et al. [63] investigated the use of high-temperature-treated hydrothermal carbon spheres as cathode materials for dual-ion cells and found spherical

Improving the catalytic activity for hydrogen evolution of monolayered SnSe_2(1−x)S_2x by mechanical strain

• Sha Dong and
• Zhiguo Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1820–1827, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.173

• Sha Dong Zhiguo Wang School of Electronics Science and Engineering, Center for Public Security Technology Research, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, P.R. China 10.3762/bjnano.9.173 Abstract Exploring efficient electrocatalysts for hydrogen production with

• electrolysis is a clean and “green” approach [3][4][5][6][7]. Efficient electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) with high conversion efficiency are essential for the continuous generation of hydrogen. The platinum (Pt) group materials are regarded as the best electrocatalysts for HER

Synthesis of graphene–transition metal oxide hybrid nanoparticles and their application in various fields

• Arpita Jana,
• Elke Scheer and
• Sebastian Polarz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 688–714, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.74

• et al. where the graphene was synthesised by the arc discharge method and the Pt–graphene hybrid electrocatalysts were prepared using a polyol process. This structure exhibits enhanced electrochemical performance due to the strong metal–support interaction and proposed synergetic effect [94]. A

• ) [118] and applications in energy storage [119]. ORR is the key step of renewable energy technologies including fuel cells and water splitting. For excellent electrocatalysts, one of the most important factors is long-term running stability. The long term running stability of the Cr2O3–rGO hybrid makes

• cost cathode electrocatalysts used for high capacity anode materials for LIBs [121][122][123][124]. The catalytic performance is associated with the morphology, size and coupling of the hybrid materials. Synergistic catalytic-supported interaction between N-doped rGO and Mn2O4 is used for the vanadium

Fundamental properties of high-quality carbon nanofoam: from low to high density

• Natalie Frese,
• Shelby Taylor Mitchell,
• Christof Neumann,
• Amanda Bowers,
• Armin Gölzhäuser and
• Klaus Sattler

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 2065–2073, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.197

• electrodes [2]. Copper nanofoams containing both micropores and nanopores have been produced for potential use in energy applications [3], and furthermore, copper nanofoam substrates were used for the production of electrocatalysts [4]. Gold nanofoams have been found to show excellent catalytic properties [5

Electrocatalysis on the nm scale

• R. Jürgen Behm

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1008–1009, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.103

• to that developed for the solid–gas interface) is within reach, given the rapid progress in both theory and experiment. Furthermore, the employment of modern strategies from nanotechnology for the systematic fabrication of optimized, nanostructured electrodes and electrocatalysts sets the stage and

• molecules [9], are presented. The potential of in situ microscopy [10] and in situ spectroscopy [8][9], in addition to electrochemical measurements for the characterization of electrode surfaces/electrocatalysts and for the mechanistic understanding of electrocatalytic reactions is illustrated. Finally, the

Manganese oxide phases and morphologies: A study on calcination temperature and atmospheric dependence

• Matthias Augustin,
• Daniela Fenske,
• Ingo Bardenhagen,
• Anne Westphal,
• Martin Knipper,
• Thorsten Plaggenborg,
• Joanna Kolny-Olesiak and
• Jürgen Parisi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 47–59, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.6

• the splinter-like pieces. A surface area of approximately 20 m2/g and pore diameters from 4 to 7 nm were also reported for Mn2O3 discs synthesized for the use as electrode material by Zhang et al. [17]. However, we believe a larger pore size to be advantageous for application as electrocatalysts, as

Liquid fuel cells

• Grigorii L. Soloveichik

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1399–1418, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.153

• exchange membranes; direct alcohol fuel cells; direct borohydride fuel cells; electrocatalysts; liquid fuel cells; organic fuel; proton exchange membranes; Introduction Fuel cells are considered to be one of the key elements of the “hydrogen economy”, in which hydrogen generated from renewable energy

• ]. Solid inorganic proton conductors (e.g., sintered zirconium phosphate) allow for increasing the working temperature up to 150–250 °C [9]. Only platinum group metal (PGM) electrocatalysts are stable enough in the low-pH environment of PEMs. Platinum is the best electrocatalyst for both hydrogen oxidation

• GE and used composite electrodes (a Pt black mixed with Teflon) and an AEM impregnated with 30% KOH [10]. An advantage of AEM fuel cells is that it is possible to use non-PGM electrocatalysts while classic PGM-oxide catalysts are less corrosion stable [11]. In general, AEMs have a lower conductivity