Tailoring of physical properties of RF-sputtered ZnTe films: role of substrate temperature

• Kafi Devi,
• Usha Rani,
• Arun Kumar,
• Divya Gupta and
• Sanjeev Aggarwal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 333–348, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.25

• crystallinity, high transmittance, and high conductivity of the ZnTe film produced at 600 °C make it a suitable candidate for use as a buffer layer in solar cell applications. Keywords: bandgap; physical properties; RF sputtering; substrate temperature; ZnTe; Introduction The industrialization and burning of

• ][18][19][20][21][22][23] which show that chemical composition and morphology of the substrate affect the properties of grown films. Therefore, a suitable substrate needs to selected before the deposition of films. The thermal expansion coefficient of substrate and the lattice mismatch between film and

• substrate are two important parameters for substrate selection. To the best of our knowledge, studies related to the impact of the substrate (silicon and quartz) and film deposition temperature up to 600 °C on the structural, morphological, optical, and electrical behaviour of RF-sputtered ZnTe films are

Enhancing mechanical properties of chitosan/PVA electrospun nanofibers: a comprehensive review

• Nur Areisman Mohd Salleh,
• Amalina Muhammad Afifi,
• Fathiah Mohamed Zuki and
• Hanna Sofia SalehHudin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 286–307, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.22

• electrospinning only PVA, and preparing a separate film containing aloe vera and chitosan using a film applicator. The electrospun PVA was then layered on top of the aloe vera/chitosan film to improve mechanical properties. The chitosan/aloe vera film fabricated using this method, however, is in the form of a non

• -fibrous thin film; hence. it may not suit applications that highly depend on the properties of a nanofibrous structure, such as large surface area-to-volume ratio or high permeability of the material. Similarly, Kang et al. [110] fabricated chitosan-coated PVA nanofibers by coating the heat-treated PVA

Recent advances in photothermal nanomaterials for ophthalmic applications

• Jiayuan Zhuang,
• Linhui Jia,
• Chenghao Li,
• Rui Yang,
• Jiapeng Wang,
• Wen-an Wang,
• Heng Zhou and
• Xiangxia Luo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 195–215, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.16

• sufficiently soft film to tightly cover the tissue can ensure direct contact between the VNBs produced by the film and tumor cells. The experimental results indicate that using more and higher-energy laser pulses produces more and larger vapor bubbles, which can kill cells at some distance from the film. A

A review of metal-organic frameworks and polymers in mixed matrix membranes for CO₂ capture

• Charlotte Skjold Qvist Christensen,
• Nicholas Hansen,
• Mahboubeh Motadayen,
• Nina Lock,
• Martin Lahn Henriksen and
• Jonathan Quinson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 155–186, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.14

• of MOF-based MMMs in a general context have been published by Lin et al. [27] and Kitao and coworkers [28]. Focusing on gas separation in general, Daglar et al. [29] have summarized computational approaches to simulate gas transport in thin-film MOF membranes and MOF-based MMMs. With an emphasis on

TiO₂ immobilized on 2D mordenite: effect of hydrolysis conditions on structural, textural, and optical characteristics of the nanocomposites

• Marina G. Shelyapina,
• Rosario Isidro Yocupicio-Gaxiola,
• Gleb A. Valkovsky and
• Vitalii Petranovskii

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 128–140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.12

• . For a correct transformation of relative pressure (P/P0) to t, we used the formulas proposed in [38][39] for hierarchical microporous/mesoporous zeolites. In this method, a linear fit at low thickness of adsorbate film (low relative pressure) provides the micropore volume Vmicro (the intercept) and

Modeling and simulation of carbon-nanocomposite-based gas sensors

• Roopa Hegde,
• Punya Prabha V,
• Shipra Upadhyay and
• Krishna S B

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 90–96, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.9

• , mathematical models to predict the behavior of these sensors have been developed using numerical analysis software [1]. The polymer PEDOT: PSS aligns the surface of the CNT film by filling most of the gaps in the CNT network. The effective electrical conductivity at tube-to-tube junctions within the CNT

• , its composites, and their application in electrochemical sensors have been discussed [6][7][8]. There are research contributions on pristine graphene and ammonia gas sensors for detection of very low ammonia content [9]. The thin-film sensor fabricated on polyethylenimine- (PEI) functionalized SWCNTs

Characterization of ZnO nanoparticles synthesized using probiotic Lactiplantibacillus plantarum GP258

• Prashantkumar Siddappa Chakra,
• Aishwarya Banakar,
• Shriram Narayan Puranik,
• Vishwas Kaveeshwar,
• C. R. Ravikumar and
• Devaraja Gayathri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 78–89, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.8

• ZnO NPs confirms the XRD results, that is, the hexagonal wurtzite structure (Figure 3). SEM and EDX analysis SEM was used to analyze the surface morphology of a modified nanocomposite film, and the image displays a consistent coverage of a web-like structure. Close-up views revealed a crumpled and

• analysis. TEM was employed to study the shape, size, and distribution of the ZnO NPs. FESEM analysis showed a web-like structure with defined diameters; EDX spectroscopy confirmed the presence of ZnO NPs on the film surface. Zeta potential measurements and DLS analysis were conducted using the SZ-100

Bioinspired nanofilament coatings for scale reduction on steel

• Siad Dahir Ali,
• Mette Heidemann Rasmussen,
• Jacopo Catalano,
• Christian Husum Frederiksen and
• Tobias Weidner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 25–34, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.3

• surfaces. The elemental composition in Figure 4B shows the silicon emission expected for the SNF film, which is not present on the bare steel surface. Oxygen and carbon, additional components of the SNF coating, are also detected for the SNFs. At the same time, these elements are also observed on the bare

A nanocarrier containing carboxylic and histamine groups with dual action: acetylcholine hydrolysis and antidote atropine delivery

• Elina E. Mansurova,
• Andrey A. Maslennikov,
• Anna P. Lyubina,
• Alexandra D. Voloshina,
• Irek R. Nizameev,
• Marsil K. Kadirov,
• Anzhela A. Mikhailova,
• Polina V. Mikshina,
• Albina Y. Ziganshina and
• Igor S. Antipin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 11–24, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.2

• electron microscopy (TEM) images were taken with a Libra 120 EFTEM (A Carl Zeiss SMT AG Company, Oberkochen, Carl Zeiss, Germany) at 100 kV. Samples were spread on a 300 mesh copper grid with a carbon/formvar support film. 1H and 13C NMR spectra were obtained using a Bruker Avance 600 spectrometer with an

Mechanistic insights into endosomal escape by sodium oleate-modified liposomes

• Ebrahim Sadaqa,
• Satrialdi,
• Fransiska Kurniawan and
• Diky Mudhakir

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1667–1685, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.131

• elucidate the mechanistic role of sodium oleate in promoting endosomal escape and compared the performance of SO-Lipo with unmodified liposomes (Unmodified-Lipo) and Aurein 1.2-modified liposomes (AUR-Lipo). Liposomes were prepared using the thin-film hydration method, resulting in Unmodified-Lipo, SO-Lipo

• medium. This approach ensures the anchorage of the peptide to the liposome membrane surface. Synthesis of the liposomal formulations was conducted via a refined thin-film hydration technique, as inspired by existing protocols [34]. Initially, the lipids were dissolved in a chloroform and methanol

• solution (2:1 v/v), which was then systematically evaporated under nitrogen to form a thin lipid film. This film was rehydrated with HEPES buffer at pH 7.4, yielding multilamellar liposomes. Subsequent sonication in a bath sonicator for 5 min at room temperature facilitated the conversion to unilamellar

Attempts to preserve and visualize protein corona on the surface of biological nanoparticles in blood serum using photomodification

• Julia E. Poletaeva,
• Anastasiya V. Tupitsyna,
• Alina E. Grigor’eva,
• Ilya S. Dovydenko and
• Elena I. Ryabchikova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1654–1666, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.130

• copper grids covered with formvar film. A drop of a sample was adsorbed for 1 min on a grid, excess of the liquid was removed by a pipette; then, the wet grid was placed on a drop of 0.5% aqueous uranyl acetate solution for 10 s, excess liquid was removed with filter paper. Grids were air-dried and

Heterogeneous reactions in a HFCVD reactor: simulation using a 2D model

• Xochitl Aleyda Morán Martínez,
• José Alberto Luna López,
• Zaira Jocelyn Hernández Simón,
• Gabriel Omar Mendoza Conde,
• José Álvaro David Hernández de Luz and
• Godofredo García Salgado

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1627–1638, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.128

• 14 sur, Edif. IC5 y IC6. Puebla, Pue., 72507 México 10.3762/bjnano.15.128 Abstract In this study, a simulation of the elementary chemical reactions during SiOx film growth in a hot filament chemical vapor deposition (HFCVD) reactor was carried out using a 2D model. For the 2D simulation, the

• the substrate is 450 to 500 °C for different deposition parameters. In the simulation, the laminar flow of species contributing to the film growth was confirmed, and the simulated concentration profiles of H° and SiO near the filaments and the sources were as expected. H° and SiO are essential species

• form atomic hydrogen, which reacts with the eleven solid quartz sources. A cloud or plasma is formed and finally reaches the substrate for the formation of the thin films. Finally, zone three is the exit of the gases that were not deposited in the film. The entire process is carried out under

Effect of radiation-induced vacancy saturation on the first-order phase transformation in nanoparticles: insights from a model

• Aram Shirinyan and
• Yuriy Bilogorodskyy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1453–1472, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.117

• film through in situ ion irradiation, observed using atomic-resolution transmission electron microscopy [16]. The gold sample was irradiated with 2.8 MeV Au4+ ions at 200 °C with a fluence of approximately 1014 ions·cm−2 (equivalent to a dose of 10 dpa). A combination of surface- and radiation-induced

Ion-induced surface reactions and deposition from Pt(CO)₂Cl₂ and Pt(CO)₂Br₂

• Mohammed K. Abdel-Rahman,
• Patrick M. Eckhert,
• Atul Chaudhary,
• Johnathon M. Johnson,
• Jo-Chi Yu,
• Lisa McElwee-White and
• D. Howard Fairbrother

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1427–1439, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.115

• ion irradiation these PtCl2 or PtBr2 species experience ion-induced sputtering. The difference between halogen and Pt sputter rates leads to a critical ion dose at which only Pt remains in the film. A comparison of the different ion/precursor combinations studied revealed that this sequence of

• elementary reaction steps is invariant, although the rates of CO desorption and subsequent physical sputtering were greatest for the heaviest (Ar+) ions. The ability of IBID to produce pure Pt films was confirmed by AES and XPS analysis of thin film deposits created by Ar+/Pt(CO)2Cl2, demonstrating the

• +, m/z 40) are present in the bottom (black) spectrum of the left panel. The top (black) spectrum of the left panel was acquired during the initial (4.0 µC/cm2) exposure of the Pt(13CO)2Cl2 film to Ar+ at 3.0 kV corresponding to a 30 s acquisition time of the QMS. A new peak appears at m/z 29 along

Lithium niobate on insulator: an emerging nanophotonic crystal for optimized light control

• Midhun Murali,
• Amit Banerjee and
• Tanmoy Basu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1415–1426, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.114

• functionalities. However, it introduces challenges in fabrication complexity, interface effects, and material compatibility [26][27]. Lithium niobate film on insulator (LNOI) is a promising photonic platform due to its large transparency window, strong second-order nonlinear optical properties, and ultralow-loss

• wavelength can be tuned by changing the electric field without altering the reflectance values [32]. Shuai et al. introduce a bulk acoustic resonator (BAW) comprised of a sandwich-like structure with an LN film positioned between two aluminum electrodes. In this setup, acoustic waves are generated and

• conversion of absorbed light into electricity [43]. The carrier diffusion length within PbS CQD solar cells aligns closely with the thickness of the CQD films. This correlation introduces a tradeoff between light absorption and charge transport. As the thickness of the CQD film increases to enhance light

A biomimetic approach towards a universal slippery liquid infused surface coating

• Ryan A. Faase,
• Madeleine H. Hummel,
• AnneMarie V. Hasbrook,
• Andrew P. Carpenter and
• Joe E. Baio

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1376–1389, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.111

• cyclic olefin copolymer, silicon, and stainless steel substrates, by first growing a PDA film on each substrate. This was followed by a hydrophobic liquid anchor layer created by functionalizing the PDA film with a fluorinated thiol. Finally, perfluorodecalin was applied to the surface immediately prior

• modification of the PDA film though the formation of a pseudo self-assembled monolayer [19][20]. In this process, molecules that contain thiol groups attach to the newly formed PDA surface via Michael addition [21][22][23]. In this work, we take advantage of PDA to covalently attach fluorinated chains

• , producing the foundation of a SLIPS material (Figure 1). In this work we propose and characterize a two-step process, forming a SLIPS layer via a sticky PDA film, to modify the surface of three different materials. To test this combination of PDA and SLIPS we used three distinct materials, cylic olefin

Green synthesis of carbon dot structures from Rheum Ribes and Schottky diode fabrication

• Muhammed Taha Durmus and
• Ebru Bozkurt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1369–1375, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.110

• steady-state fluorescence measurements. In the second part of the study, CDs were dripped onto silicon substrates, and a CDs thin film was formed by evaporation. A diode structure was obtained by evaporating gold with the shadow mask technique on the CDs film, and the current–voltage characteristics of

• this diode were examined. The synthesized CDs are spherical with an average size of 5.5 nm, have a negative surface charge and contain 73.3 atom % C, 24.0 atom % O, and 2.7 atom % N. The CDs exhibit fluorescence at approximately 394 nm. The layer thickness and bandgap energy of the prepared CDs film

• and diluted with 5 mL of pure water; 100 μL of this solution was dripped onto the silicon substrate and evaporated at room temperature. In the last stage, the diode structure was obtained by evaporating gold onto the created CDs film using the shadow mask technique (Figure 1). The size of the diode

Out-of-plane polarization induces a picosecond photoresponse in rhombohedral stacked bilayer WSe₂

• Guixian Liu,
• Yufan Wang,
• Zhoujuan Xu,
• Zhouxiaosong Zeng,
• Lanyu Huang,
• Cuihuan Ge and
• Xiao Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1362–1368, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.109

• photoelectric detection. Experimental Device fabrication The 2D materials, WSe2 and graphene, were obtained from high-quality bulk crystals using the mechanical exfoliation method. The monolayer WSe2 nanoflakes were exfoliated onto a transparent polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) film, selected based on optical

Investigation of Hf/Ti bilayers for the development of transition-edge sensor microcalorimeters

• Victoria Y. Safonova,
• Anna V. Gordeeva,
• Anton V. Blagodatkin,
• Dmitry A. Pimanov,
• Anton A. Yablokov and
• Andrey L. Pankratov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1353–1361, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.108

• Academy of Sciences, Akademicheskaya Street, 7, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia, 603950, Russia 10.3762/bjnano.15.108 Abstract The superconducting properties of 85 nm thick hafnium thin films with a 5 nm thick titanium layer on top have been investigated for three different geometries, that is, a film covering

• compared to the full-size films. This is because at the edges of the structure, the film thickness may differ from that at the center. Smooth edges are also necessary for good contact with subsequent layers. For this reason, special attention is paid to the development of technology for creating structures

• probability of obtaining inhomogeneous properties along the film during fabrication. As an example, the record energy resolution of just 0.1 eV was demonstrated in TES with sides of 10 × 10 μm2 in [15]. We fabricated three types of samples, namely (1) bridges in square shape with sides from 100 to 1000 μm as

The role of a tantalum interlayer in enhancing the properties of Fe₃O₄ thin films

• Hai Dang Ngo,
• Vo Doan Thanh Truong,
• Van Qui Le,
• Hoai Phuong Pham and
• Thi Kim Hang Pham

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1253–1259, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.101

• morphological, structural, and magnetic properties of the deposited samples were characterized with atomic force microscopy, X-ray diffractometry, and vibrating sample magnetometry. The polycrystalline Fe3O4 film grown on MgO/Ta/SiO2/Si(100) presented very interesting morphology and structure characteristics

• [24][25]. Besides, there was nearly no oxygen diffusion from the Fe3O4 film into the MgO layer, resulting in higher crystallinity and improved grain size as seen in the XRD patterns. Surface properties obtained from Figure 1 are summarized in Table 1. The crystal structures of the Fe3O4 samples on

• ) peak at 43.07° (red line). This indicates the epitaxial growth of the Fe3O4 thin film on MgO(100). To our surprise, the Fe3O4 thin film deposited on the multilayer structure shows the two peaks Fe3O4(311) and Fe3O4(400) at 35.68° and 43.36°, respectively (blue line). This implies that the tantalum

Quantum-to-classical modeling of monolayer Ge₂Se₂ and its application in photovoltaic devices

• Anup Shrivastava,
• Shivani Saini,
• Dolly Kumari,
• Sanjai Singh and
• Jost Adam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1153–1169, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.94

• , a large number of materials have been reported as ETLs/HTL materials, such as carbon [15], copper iodide [16], CuSbS2, NiO, CuSCN [17], ZnO, and CdS [18]. These materials promote efficient extraction of charge carriers and suppress recombination between the perovskite film and the electrodes. But in

Photocatalytic methane oxidation over a TiO₂/SiNWs p–n junction catalyst at room temperature

• Qui Thanh Hoai Ta,
• Luan Minh Nguyen,
• Ngoc Hoi Nguyen,
• Phan Khanh Thinh Nguyen and
• Dai Hai Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1132–1141, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.92

• min. The etched p-Si NWs substrate was eventually washed with DI water and dried under N2 flow, as shown in Figure 9. Second, the as-prepared SiNWs sample was transferred to the chamber of an ALD system (R200 Advanced Picosun, 2013) for TiO2 thin film deposition. The TiO2 thin film deposition was

• (HAL-320). First, the reactor containing the photocatalytic thin film samples was evacuated using a vacuum pump for 10 min and filled with a mixture of CH4/air (4.5/0.5 pressure ratio). The pressure ratio of the gas mixture was varied to study gas composition-dependent efficiency. The total pressure of

• spectrometer (DRS-UV, Shimazu UV-2450). The chemical structure of the catalyst surface was analyzed using a Raman spectrometer (excitation of 532 nm, ANDOR Monora 500i). The surface wettability of the thin film sample was measured using a static contact angle system (Biosin Scientific), as shown in Supporting

Direct electron beam writing of silver using a β-diketonate precursor: first insights

• Katja Höflich,
• Krzysztof Maćkosz,
• Chinmai S. Jureddy,
• Aleksei Tsarapkin and
• Ivo Utke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1117–1124, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.90

• the growth of silver particles on the surface. While these effects complicate the application for 3D printing, the unique deposit structure with a thin, compact silver film beneath the deposit body is interesting from a fundamental point of view and may offer additional opportunities for applications

• cluster by enhanced diffusion. Finally, the second halo region (H2) depicts similar particle sizes around below 20 nm sitting on top of larger bright areas of 50–250 nm. The composition of the different halo regions was studied by EDX. Because of the rich morphology observed in the deposit, no thin-film

Unveiling the potential of alginate-based nanomaterials in sensing technology and smart delivery applications

• Shakhzodjon Uzokboev,
• Khojimukhammad Akhmadbekov,
• Ra’no Nuritdinova,
• Salah M. Tawfik and
• Yong-Ill Lee

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1077–1104, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.88

• easily adsorb H2O molecules to generate hydrogen bonds. These adsorbed H2O molecules considerably improve the SAW sensor’s mass loading and signal responses. The authors compared SEM images and frequency responses, and they found that a single layer of sodium alginate film is best for this SAW humidity

• sensor. Another fluorescence-based smart sensor from alginate nanofilms was prepared [122]. Scientists proved that relative humidity could be detected using a guar gum–sodium alginate (GGSA) nanocomposite film. The study found that the fluorescence of biocomposite films under UV light varies at various

• relative humidity levels. Fluorescence quenching occurs at high relative humidity, whereas the fluorescence intensity in the nanocomposite film rises at low humidity. A fluorescence spectrophotometer was used to examine the change in fluorescence intensity of the nanocomposite film at different relative

Effect of wavelength and liquid on formation of Ag, Au, Ag/Au nanoparticles via picosecond laser ablation and SERS-based detection of DMMP

• Sree Satya Bharati Moram,
• Chandu Byram and
• Venugopal Rao Soma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1054–1069, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.86

• affordable and accessible fabrication methods which guarantee stability and reproducibility along with accessible sample collection of SERS substrates. There has been significant interest in utilizing flexible materials such as paper, nitrocellulose, polymer film, cotton fabrics, adhesive tape, glass fibers

• a smartphone application to detect DMMP. They detected DMMP at a concentration of 1g/L (≈8 mM) using a Raman excitation of 532 nm. Wang and co-workers [73] developed a novel method using thin water film confinement to enhance Raman detection of weakly interacting nerve agent simulants, such as DMMP