A calix[4]arene-based supramolecular nanoassembly targeting cancer cells and triggering the release of nitric oxide with green light

• Cristina Parisi,
• Loredana Ferreri,
• Tassia J. Martins,
• Francesca Laneri,
• Samantha Sollima,
• Antonina Azzolina,
• Antonella Cusimano,
• Nicola D’Antona,
• Grazia M. L. Consoli and
• Salvatore Sortino

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1003–1013, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.75

• in diameter with a polydispersity index (PI) of ca. 0.4 (inset Figure 1A). This means the sample has a moderate range of particle sizes, however suitable for drug delivery applications. Figure 1B shows the fluorescence emission spectra of a water solution of 1. Similar to the absorption, the spectrum

• ). In parallel, a restoration of the fluorescence emission reaching a value of Φf similar to that observed in the absence of 2, was noted upon photolysis (Figure 5B). These findings account well for the photorelease of NO stimulated by green light. This was unambiguously confirmed by the direct

• supported well by the reduction of the values of Φf and τ as a result of the photosensitization process competitive with the fluorescence emission. Conclusion In summary, we have designed and synthesized a multifunctional calix[4]arene, which self-assembles into nanoaggregates in water medium, which are

Synthesis of biowaste-derived carbon-dot-mediated silver nanoparticles and the evaluation of electrochemical properties for supercapacitor electrodes

• Navya Kumari Tenkayala,
• Chandan Kumar Maity,
• Md Moniruzzaman and
• Subramani Devaraju

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 933–943, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.71

• environmentally friendly as CDs play a role as capping, reducing, and stabilizing agent without addition of any chemicals. PG-CDs-AgNPs showed a particle size of 10 nm having excellent fluorescence emission in the blue region, and it has been explored as an electrode material for supercapacitor applications. The

• electrodes for energy storing. Keywords: asymmetric supercapacitor; carbon dots; fluorescence emission; green approach; silver nanoparticles; Introduction The extensive usage of fossil fuels is a result from the rising demand for energy. However, the use of fossil fuels is not sufficient to attend the

Fluorescent bioinspired albumin/polydopamine nanoparticles and their interactions with Escherichia coli cells

• Eloïse Equy,
• Jordana Hirtzel,
• Sophie Hellé,
• Béatrice Heurtault,
• Eric Mathieu,
• Morgane Rabineau,
• Vincent Ball and
• Lydie Ploux

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1208–1224, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.100

• phospholipids. This facilitates the intimate contact between RhBITC-BSA/PDA NPs and the bacterial membrane and, possibly, the subsequent penetration of the NPs. The localization of the fluorescence emission related to bacterial cells was determined on the basis of micrographs extracted from 3D-stack images

• spectra of pristine BSA/PDA NPs, Ox-BSA/PDA NPs, FITC-BSA/PDA NPs, and RhBITC-BSA/PDA NPs. (a) Absorption of pristine BSA/PDA NPs before and after oxidation. (b) Normalized absorption and fluorescence emission (excitation wavelength λexc = 375 nm) spectra of Ox-BSA/PDA NPs. (c) Normalized absorption and

• fluorescence emission (excitation wavelength λexc = 488 nm) spectra of FITC-BSA/PDA NPs. (d) Normalized absorption and fluorescence emission (excitation wavelength λexc = 550 nm) spectra of RhBITC-BSA/PDA NPs. Spectra were smoothed using the moving average method on three points. Fluorescence characterization

Curcumin-loaded albumin submicron particles with potential as a cancer therapy: an in vitro study

• Nittiya Suwannasom,
• Netsai Sriaksorn,
• Chutamas Thepmalee,
• Krissana Khoothiam,
• Ausanai Prapan,
• Hans Bäumler and
• Chonthida Thephinlap

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1127–1140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.93

• centrifugation of the loaded CUR. The absorbance was determined with a UV spectrophotometer (Optizen POP, Mecasys Co., Ltd., Daejeon, Korea) at 435 nm. The concentration of CUR was determined using a standard curve of CUR solution. The fluorescence emission of CUR, HSA-MPs, and CUR-HSA-MPs was evaluated with a

Metal-organic framework-based nanomaterials as opto-electrochemical sensors for the detection of antibiotics and hormones: A review

• Akeem Adeyemi Oladipo,
• Saba Derakhshan Oskouei and
• Mustafa Gazi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 631–673, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.52

• initial excitation energy through vibrational relaxation, causing the emitted photon to have a longer wavelength and lower energy. Other processes that do not involve light emission can be used to relax the excited state S1. These are non-radiative processes that hinder fluorescence emission by competing

• (acceptor) within 10 nm in a non-radiative manner. In general, the degree of overlap between the fluorophore’s fluorescence emission spectrum and the analyte’s absorption spectrum, the relative orientation of the fluorophore and analyte dipoles, and the distance between them affect the rate of energy

Studies of probe tip materials by atomic force microscopy: a review

• Ke Xu and
• Yuzhe Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1256–1267, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.104

• properties, and thus the fluorescence emission can be tuned by controlling different sizes. Due to their unique electronic, physical, and optical properties, metal nanoclusters have attracted great interest in recent years for electronic devices, catalysis, bioimaging, and chemical sensing [18][19][20][21

Recent advances in green carbon dots (2015–2022): synthesis, metal ion sensing, and biological applications

• Aisha Kanwal,
• Naheed Bibi,
• Sajjad Hyder,
• Arif Muhammad,
• Hao Ren,
• Jiangtao Liu and
• Zhongli Lei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1068–1107, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.93

• high QY because nitrogen atom doping helps to stabilize the surface defects of CDs and enhances fluorescence emission. Moreover, owing to its five valence electrons and an atomic size that is similar to carbon, nitrogen is a common dopant and the most frequently employed method of enhancing PL

• surface state of CDs, which is closely linked to their fluorescence emission and serves as the most commonly acknowledged luminescence mechanism until now, includes the level of surface functional groups, surface oxidation, and molecular fluorescence. Surface oxidation level: Numerous investigations have

• source). They showed that luminous impurities formed as byproducts during the synthesis of CDs mostly contribute to fluorescence emission by eliminating the molecular fluorophores [133]. By using fluorescence correlation spectroscopy and time-resolved electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy

Detection and imaging of Hg(II) in vivo using glutathione-functionalized gold nanoparticles

• Gufeng Li,
• Shaoqing Li,
• Rui Wang,
• Min Yang,
• Lizhu Zhang,
• Yanli Zhang,
• Wenrong Yang and
• Hongbin Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 549–559, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.46

• in order to further evaluate its unique emission features. Figure S4 (Supporting Information File 1) shows the emission spectra of GNPs-GSH-Rh6G2 at various excitation wavelengths ranging from 486 to 536 nm. The fluorescence emission wavelength of GNPs-GSH-Rh6G2 appears to exhibit a non-excitation

• increasing fluorescence emission [62]. GNPs-GSH-Rh6G2 did not generate detectable fluorescence signals after entering into the cells. However, when the cells were incubated with both GNPs-GSH-Rh6G2 and Hg2+, red fluorescence was obtained clearly (Figure 8b). This is because RGCOOH was released from GNPs when

• μL of GSH stock solution (1 mM) was added into 2 mL Rh6G2 stock solution (75 μM), which was adjusted to pH 7 with NaOH (1 M). Nitrogen was used to protect the reaction for 2 h to acquire GSH-Rh6G2. Fluorescence measurements The fluorescence emission intensity was measured at 560 nm with an excitation

Zinc oxide nanostructures for fluorescence and Raman signal enhancement: a review

• Ioana Marica,
• Fran Nekvapil,
• Maria Ștefan,
• Cosmin Farcău and
• Alexandra Falamaș

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 472–490, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.40

• , enhanced Raman scattering for periodic ZnO-elevated Au dimer nanostructures [12] and enhanced fluorescence emission signals from Al-doped ZnO films [13] were obtained. The development of hybrid nanocomposites based on ZnO and noble metals for fluorescence and Raman signal enhancement has recently attracted

• stability, to name just a few. Additionally, ZnO-based nanosubstrates have been used lately in combination with noble metals to enhance the fluorescence emission of dyes located in their vicinity [20][21] as well for amplifying the fluorescence emission of ZnO, which could prove very useful for solar cell

• fluorescence emission of fluorophores emitting at different wavelengths, chemical inertness to the environmen, and simple assembly and fabrication. Moreover, the ZnO nanoplatforms can be covalently modified to host specific protein molecules of interest only and to present increased detection specificity of

Comprehensive review on ultrasound-responsive theranostic nanomaterials: mechanisms, structures and medical applications

• Sepand Tehrani Fateh,
• Lida Moradi,
• Elmira Kohan,
• Michael R. Hamblin and
• Amin Shiralizadeh Dezfuli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 808–862, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.64

Self-assembly and spectroscopic fingerprints of photoactive pyrenyl tectons on hBN/Cu(111)

• Domenik M. Zimmermann,
• Knud Seufert,
• Luka Ðorđević,
• Tobias Hoh,
• Sushobhan Joshi,
• Tomas Marangoni,
• Davide Bonifazi and
• Willi Auwärter

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1470–1483, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.130

• fluorescence quantum yields were then calculated according to Equation 1: Therein, I is the measured integrated fluorescence emission intensity, η is the refractive index of the solvent, and ϕ is the quantum yield. Computational methods DFT calculations were performed using the Gaussian 09 (Revision D.01

Hexagonal boron nitride: a review of the emerging material platform for single-photon sources and the spin–photon interface

• Stefania Castelletto,
• Faraz A. Inam,
• Shin-ichiro Sato and
• Alberto Boretti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 740–769, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.61

Luminescent gold nanoclusters for bioimaging applications

• Nonappa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 533–546, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.42

•  7A,B). It was shown that a strong emission at 710 nm was easily separated from autofluorescence. The detection limit was found to be 0.235 mg/mL of AuNCs. Intravenous injection of Au-BSA NC solution to BALB/c nude mice allowed for real-time imaging of the whole body. The fluorescence emission of NCs

Rational design of block copolymer self-assemblies in photodynamic therapy

• Maxime Demazeau,
• Laure Gibot,
• Anne-Françoise Mingotaud,
• Patricia Vicendo,
• Clément Roux and
• Barbara Lonetti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 180–212, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.15

Bombesin receptor-targeted liposomes for enhanced delivery to lung cancer cells

• Mohammad J. Akbar,
• Pâmela C. Lukasewicz Ferreira,
• Melania Giorgetti,
• Leanne Stokes and
• Christopher J. Morris

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2553–2562, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.246

• fluorescence trace from H345 cells loaded with Ca2+ reporter dye, Fura-2 AM before injection of GRPR agonist, Tyr4-Bn. Baseline fluorescence was monitored for 30 s before peptide injection. (B) Escalating concentrations of Tyr4-Bn were injected into H345 or H82 cells and the Fura-2 AM fluorescence emission

pH-Controlled fluorescence switching in water-dispersed polymer brushes grafted to modified boron nitride nanotubes for cellular imaging

• Saban Kalay,
• Yurij Stetsyshyn,
• Volodymyr Donchak,
• Khrystyna Harhay,
• Ostap Lishchynskyi,
• Halyna Ohar,
• Yuriy Panchenko,
• Stanislav Voronov and
• Mustafa Çulha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2428–2439, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.233

• functionalization of BNNTs was confirmed by spectroscopic, gravimetric and imaging techniques. In contrast to “pure” BNNTs, P(AA-co-FA)-functionalized BNNTs demonstrate intense green fluorescence emission at 520 nm. Under neutral or alkaline pH values, P(AA-co-FA)-functionalized BNNTs are highly emissive in

• Fluorescence emission spectra were recorded on a Varian Eclipse spectrophotometer using a 1 cm path length cuvette at room temperature. The excitation and emission were scanned simultaneously at wavelengths from 200 to 600 nm and from 220 to 600 nm, respectively, at 5 nm intervals, with a 5 nm slit width at a

• 491 nm and the emission maximum at 516 nm, which is in good agreement with the literature [49]. In contrast to “pure” BNNTs, where fluorescence is absent (Figure 4c), P(AA-co-FA)-functionalized BNNTs (Figure 4d) demonstrate intense green fluorescence emission at 520 nm. The fluorescence spectra of the

Deterministic placement of ultra-bright near-infrared color centers in arrays of silicon carbide micropillars

• Stefania Castelletto,
• Abdul Salam Al Atem,
• Faraz Ahmed Inam,
• Hans Jürgen von Bardeleben,
• Sophie Hameau,
• Ahmed Fahad Almutairi,
• Gérard Guillot,
• Shin-ichiro Sato,
• Alberto Boretti and
• Jean Marie Bluet

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2383–2395, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.229

• the near-infrared, there is a need to improve the spontaneous emission rate for room-temperature applications such as magnetic sensing and SPSs. For all the above applications, the fluorescence emission enhancement of the color centers is a crucial issue for room-temperature applications, specifically

• implanted with H+ ions to produce an ensemble of color centers at a depth of approximately 2 μm. The samples were in part annealed at different temperatures (750 and 900 °C) to selectively produce distinct color centers. For all these color centers we saw an enhancement of the photostable fluorescence

• emission of at least a factor of 6 using micro-photoluminescence systems. Using custom confocal microscopy setups, we characterized the emission of VSi measuring an enhancement by up to a factor of 20, and of NCVSi with an enhancement up to a factor of 7. The experimental results are supported by finite

Design of a nanostructured mucoadhesive system containing curcumin for buccal application: from physicochemical to biological aspects

• Sabrina Barbosa de Souza Ferreira,
• Gustavo Braga,
• Évelin Lemos Oliveira,
• Jéssica Bassi da Silva,
• Hélen Cássia Rosseto,
• Lidiane Vizioli de Castro Hoshino,
• Mauro Luciano Baesso,
• Wilker Caetano,
• Craig Murdoch,
• Helen Elizabeth Colley and
• Marcos Luciano Bruschi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2304–2328, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.222

• ]. Furthermore, the temperature changes were more remarkable than the variation in pH, with the systems investigated at 45 °C displaying higher anisotropy values in comparison to those evaluated at 37 °C. Incorporation kinetics Incorporation kinetics were evaluated by observing the fluorescence emission

Janus-micromotor-based on–off luminescence sensor for active TNT detection

• Ye Yuan,
• Changyong Gao,
• Daolin Wang,
• Chang Zhou,
• Baohua Zhu and
• Qiang He

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1324–1331, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.131

• surface charge of the UCNPs before and after modification was measured. As shown in Figure 1d, the zeta potential changed from −22.08 to 17.3 mV, indicating the successful surface amine group functionalization. Moreover, the fluorescence emission spectrum shows that the surface functionalization did not

• spectra, (d) zeta potential and (e) fluorescence emission spectrum of UNCPs with different surface functional groups. TEM images of UCNP-modified capsule (f) and Janus UCNP capsule motor (g). (h) SEM image of the Janus UCNP capsule motor. (i) Fluorescence microscope image of the Janus UCNP capsule motors

Structural and optical properties of penicillamine-protected gold nanocluster fractions separated by sequential size-selective fractionation

• Xiupei Yang,
• Zhengli Yang,
• Fenglin Tang,
• Jing Xu,
• Maoxue Zhang and
• Martin M. F. Choi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 955–966, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.96

• and size-selective fraction samples in Figure 9B were obtained at 25 °C at an excitation wavelength of 380 nm. The maximum emission peak of the PL spectrum of the original sample is 867 nm, while the fluorescence emission from the first fraction to the last fraction obtained by SSSP shows a blue shift

Ultrasonication-assisted synthesis of CsPbBr₃ and Cs₄PbBr₆ perovskite nanocrystals and their reversible transformation

• Longshi Rao,
• Xinrui Ding,
• Xuewei Du,
• Guanwei Liang,
• Yong Tang,
• Kairui Tang and
• Jin Z. Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 666–676, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.66

• -sonication at a power of 120 W for 40 min. During the sonication, the colorless reaction medium gradually transformed into a yellow and then an orange-yellow solution, which suggests the formation of PNCs and demonstrates strong fluorescence emission under 365 nm UV light excitation. After completion of the

Ceria/polymer nanocontainers for high-performance encapsulation of fluorophores

• Kartheek Katta,
• Dmitry Busko,
• Yuri Avlasevich,
• Katharina Landfester,
• Stanislav Baluschev and
• Rafael Muñoz-Espí

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 522–530, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.53

• -tetramethylbutyl)phenoxy]terrylene-3,4,11,12-bis(dicarboximide) (TDI) was synthesized according to [26] (molecular structure and absorption/fluorescence emission spectra are given in Supporting Information File 1, Figures S1 and S2, respectively). The prepared TDI was dissolved in sufficient amounts of THF and

• Lasertechnik GmbH, ADL-63201TL) with an excitation intensity of 0.2 W·cm−2. It is important to note that all fluorescence emission measurements were carried out by using the same batch of nanocapsules at the same capsule content. A first batch of nanocapsules was prepared under ambient conditions and an

• this sample was determined to be about 44 wt % by thermogravimetric analysis (see Supporting Information File 1, Figure S4). The fluorescence spectrum measured under ambient conditions for the pure polymer nanocapsules (sample NC) is shown in Figure 5 (black line). An intense fluorescence emission from

Enhanced antineoplastic/therapeutic efficacy using 5-fluorouracil-loaded calcium phosphate nanoparticles

• Shanid Mohiyuddin,
• Saba Naqvi and
• Gopinath Packirisamy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2499–2515, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.233

• apoptotic stages, less EB is taken up by the cells, followed intermixed red–green fluorescence emission [41]. Like the MTT assay result, the 0.5×IC50 of CaP@5-FU NPs treated cells showed early apoptotic phase with less EB fluorescence in both the HCT-15 and A549 cancer cell lines. In the Figure 5A, the blue

• , which stains apoptotic cells or nuclei and yields blue florescence when bound to dsDNA in the cell nucleus [42] with excitation/emission wavelength at 352/455 nm. Rhodamine B, with an excitation/emission wavelength of 543/565 nm, provides a red fluorescence emission. A drastic decrease in the Hoechst

• . In its reduced state, CellROX deep red has no or little fluorescence. Upon oxidation by reactive oxygen species, the increased bright red fluorescence emission of CellROX deep red dye can be easily quantified by fluorescence via flow cytometry [46]. The finding was quite interesting whereby 5.1% of

The role of adatoms in chloride-activated colloidal silver nanoparticles for surface-enhanced Raman scattering enhancement

• Nicolae Leopold,
• Andrei Stefancu,
• Krisztian Herman,
• István Sz. Tódor,
• Stefania D. Iancu,
• Vlad Moisoiu and
• Loredana F. Leopold

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2236–2247, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.208

• observable anymore. In the case of 10−7, 10−8 and 10−11 M R6G analyzed with as-synthesized cit-AgNPs, only the fluorescence emission due to R6G was observed (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S4A,B). The SERS spectrum of R6G 10−8 M shows only fluorescence emission even after the addition of 10−4 M Ca2

Dumbbell gold nanoparticle dimer antennas with advanced optical properties

• Janning F. Herrmann and
• Christiane Höppener

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2188–2197, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.205

• fluorescence enhancement factor can be also accomplished by measuring the fluorescence emission of single dye molecule as a function of the antenna–sample separation. The corresponding approach curves account for two mechanisms occurring when the antenna is coupled to the dye molecule: 1.) the absorption

• enhancement of the fluorescence emission of a single quantum emitter. The deviations are likely correlated to different gap configurations, which are easily identified in HR-TEM studies. The influence of the gap morphology on the optical properties turns out to be non-negligible. However, this effect becomes

• sample through the laser focus using a piezoelectric scanner (Nano-H, Mad City Labs, USA). For each image pixel the emitted fluorescence signal is integrated for 5–10 ms. For the antenna-enhanced fluorescence emission, the antenna is precisely aligned in the laser focus and the antenna–sample distance is