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Search for "hydrophobic" in Full Text gives 397 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology. Showing first 200.
Supramolecular hydration structure of graphene-based hydrogels: density functional theory, green chemistry and interface application
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 806–822, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.61
- supramolecular hydration structures that preserve graphene nanosheets from the restacking through hydrophobic force, van der Waals force, and π–π interaction. In this manuscript, density functional theory and high-performance computing (HPC) are used for modeling and calculating van der Waals force between
- interactions, a type of van der Waals force, for supramolecular attraction [9]. Particularly, graphene sheets with a large surface area and π-conjugated network are likely to stack together through hydrophobic agglomeration and π–π interaction. Although π–π interactions are generally weaker than hydrogen
Efficiency of single-pulse laser fragmentation of organic nutraceutical dispersions in a circular jet flow-through reactor
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 711–727, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.55
- often are hydrophobic, is their increased solubilization or aqueous dispersion, relevant for pharmacological, photochemical, and photomedical applications. For example, metal complex phthalocyanines (Pc) [18] such as vanadium (VOPc) [19][20][21][22], copper (CuPc) [23][24], aluminum (AlPc) [24], and
- . Moreover, the created surface area is also a descriptor highly relevant for application (as the solubility of hydrophobic particle dispersions in water is proportional to the surface [67][68]). For simplified calculations of the total surface created by LFL, we assumed all particles to be ideal spheres
The impact of tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane hole transport layer doping on interfacial charge extraction and recombination
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 678–689, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.52
- ], thus leading to an improved morphology and uniformity of the resulting layer. However, its unfavorable long-term impact on stability indicates that new doping strategies might be required in the future [35][36]. For this, there have been efforts for finding cheap hydrophobic acidic substances with good
Aprepitant-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles: a novel approach to enhance oral bioavailability
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 652–663, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.50
- poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO). The PPO segments are hydrophobic, while the PEO segments are hydrophilic [15]. Comparing APT-CD-NPs and APT-PX-NPs, the solubility in APT-CD-NPs was higher because β-CD is more hydrophilic than poloxamer 407. Poloxamer 407 shows thermoreversible properties. Drug content and
- SLN formulations in distilled water exhibited a homogeneous white color. The encapsulation efficacy of the SLNs formulations was in the range of 25.33% ± 0.89% to 80.55% ± 0.15%. A higher content of β-CD in the formulation enhanced the encapsulated amount of APT. The hydrophobic structure of β-CD
A formulation containing Cymbopogon flexuosus essential oil: improvement of biochemical parameters and oxidative stress in diabetic rats
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 617–636, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.48
- known that microemulsions promote greater bioavailability of hydrophobic molecules orally due to the nanometric size of the droplets. Additionally, nonionic surfactants such as Tween® and Cremophor® inhibit CYP3A metabolism or P-glycoprotein drug efflux, thus improving intestinal drug absorption. Thus
Polyurethane/silk fibroin-based electrospun membranes for wound healing and skin substitute applications
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 591–612, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.46
- were used just as they were provided [155]. Because of its excellent barrier qualities and oxygen permeability, PU is commonly utilized in wound dressings [156]. Since PU is soft and hydrophobic, using it as a dressing material on its own would be unsuitable because the dressing might be too soft for
- use in the medical field. Also, its hydrophobic property might prevent fluid from seeping from the wound surface [157]. To investigate PU composites for the possible use in wound dressings, researchers have carried out a considerable amount of research. To obtain desired features like higher cell
Nanomaterials in targeting amyloid-β oligomers: current advances and future directions for Alzheimer's disease diagnosis and therapy
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 561–580, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.44
- physicochemical properties, diverse structural forms, and potential applications in combating NDs. The unique characteristics of CNMs, including their hydrophobic surfaces and variable dimensions, enable them to interact effectively with biomolecules, making them valuable tools in biomedical research and
- , particularly those associated with NDs like AD. Research has demonstrated the ability of fullerenes to prevent the aggregation of Aβ peptides. For instance, molecular dynamics simulations have shown that fullerenes inhibit the fibrillation of the hydrophobic KLVFFAE peptide by disrupting the formation of β
- . These studies reveal that SWCNTs interact with the hydrophobic residues of Aβ peptides, particularly through π-stacking interactions with aromatic amino acids such as phenylalanine. This interaction destabilizes the prefibrillar β-sheet structures, preventing the formation of toxic oligomers and
Functionalized gold nanoflowers on carbon screen-printed electrodes: an electrochemical platform for biosensing hemagglutinin protein of influenza A H1N1 virus
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 540–550, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.42
- , followed by blocking with bovine serum albumin to minimize nonspecific hydrophobic binding. The electrodes were characterized by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy experiments in the presence of [Fe(CN)6]3−/4−. Differential pulse voltammetry was used to measure the change in
Synthetic-polymer-assisted antisense oligonucleotide delivery: targeted approaches for precision disease treatment
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 435–463, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.34
- . Additionally, the attachment of hydrophobic moieties, amino acids, and small peptides to linear and branched PEI has been explored as an alternative to improve the biostability and bioavailability of cationic polyplexes while offering a targeted delivery with reduced cytotoxicity that is frequently associated
- conjugated carriers demonstrated greater transfection activity and protein silencing while keeping low levels of cytotoxicity compared to naked and oligonucleotide–PEI complexes. This improvement was attributed to the unsaturated nature of the hydrophobic moieties in the conjugates. In another study, Cheng
- and coworkers synthesised a library of bPEI polyplexes grafted with hydrophobic ligands including aliphatic alkanes, fluoroalkanes, and cycloalkanes of varying lengths and analysed the structure–activity relationship of these compounds to deliver anti-luciferase siRNA oligonucleotides [119]. All PEI
Engineered PEG–PCL nanoparticles enable sensitive and selective detection of sodium dodecyl sulfate: a qualitative and quantitative analysis
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 385–396, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.29
- sulfate group, with sodium as the counter-ion. The amphiphilic structure of SDS, integrating a hydrophobic alkyl chain and a hydrophilic headgroup, confers unique physicochemical properties that are leveraged in various applications. However, the widespread use of SDS in different applications led to the
- and PCL to produce amphiphilic nanoparticles which possess both hydrophilic and hydrophobic segments. PEG, known for its water solubility and biocompatibility, provides the hydrophilic component, while PCL, a biodegradable polyester, contributes with hydrophobicity, enabling the formation of
- alternating addition is crucial for creating the amphiphilic structure, where PEG provides the hydrophilic domains, and PCL forms the hydrophobic domains. The copolymerization reaction can proceed for approximately 24 hours, during which nucleation and growth of the nanoparticles occur. The reaction duration
Enhancing mechanical properties of chitosan/PVA electrospun nanofibers: a comprehensive review
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 286–307, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.22
- release time of substances by exploiting the surface properties and interactions between hydrophobic and hydrophilic layers [86]. This sequential method of producing composite fibers is generally easier than the other methods as the different materials are electrospun separately, eliminating concerns
- nanofibers with different materials has a significant impact on protecting sensitive drugs through the shell layer, reducing burst release, and controlling the release of both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs [188][189]. In recent research, chitosan/PVA nanofibrous scaffolds loaded with active components
Radiosensitizing properties of dual-functionalized carbon nanostructures loaded with temozolomide
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 229–251, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.18
- for active agent loading and functionalization with (intra)cellular component targeting ligands, and extremely small size for crossing the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and targeted delivery to the brain. The hydrophobic nature of the CNs offers good membrane permeability. Through chemical modifications
- (i.e., oxidation) of their surface, CNs with optimal hydrophobic/hydrophilic properties and increased dispersibility can be obtained as preconditions for biocompatibility and low immunogenicity. Also, improved electronic, mechanical, and thermal properties as preconditions for (photo)thermal and
- graphene sheets, formed by interactions between the hydrophobic regions of graphene and the side walls of MWCNTs. Also, in the SEM and TEM images of TMZ-loaded non-modified CNs, entrapment of TMZ into the tubes and wrapping around the CNs was visible [43]. In the present study, the covalent PEGylation and
TiO2 immobilized on 2D mordenite: effect of hydrolysis conditions on structural, textural, and optical characteristics of the nanocomposites
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 128–140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.12
- /hydrophobic properties than the samples hydrolyzed in pure water. It is known that the hydrophilicity of TiO2 depends on the crystalline phase and surface composition, but not on the size [43]. Moreover, it was found that introduction of TiO2 into an amorphous siliceous matrix increases the hydrophilicity of
Comparison of organic and inorganic hole transport layers in double perovskite material-based solar cell
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 119–127, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.11
- PEDOT:PSS are the two HTLs that are analyzed concerning the double perovskite material LNMO. The HTL needs better conductivity, better electron blocking, and more hole mobility for better carrier transportation at the perovskite/HTL interface. It is hydrophobic with a wider bandgap and does not easily
Nanocarriers and macrophage interaction: from a potential hurdle to an alternative therapeutic strategy
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 97–118, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.10
- surface with hydrophilic polymers such as PEG. PEGylation is widely used for its “stealth” effect, hindering protein adsorption on the hydrophobic polymer surface by steric repulsion [36]. However, the long-term use of PEGylated NCs for treating chronic diseases can lead to side effects, such as
- large size (≈25 μm) facilitates the efficient loading of diverse drugs (e.g., hydrophilic or hydrophobic) [55]. As detailed in Section 2, macrophages persist throughout acute and chronic inflammatory phases, broadening their therapeutic applicability across various pathological conditions. This chapter
Bioinspired nanofilament coatings for scale reduction on steel
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 25–34, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.3
- , which employs micro- and nanostructures to repel water, we investigate the application of silicone nanofilaments (SNFs) as a coating on steel surfaces to mitigate scaling. Silicone nanofilaments, previously successful on polymers, textiles, and glass, are explored for their hydrophobic properties and
- . This reduction is attributed to altered flow dynamics near the super-hydrophobic surface, inhibiting nucleation and growth of scale. Our findings highlight the potential of bioinspired SNF coatings to enhance the performance and longevity of steel surfaces in industrial environments. Keywords
- protrusions that have an overhanging shape and low surface energy can effectively render a surface super-hydrophobic (Figure 1D,F). This texture creates an energy barrier, causing water droplets to rest on the protrusions while trapping air beneath them. In analogy with the texture of Collembola skin, this
Mechanistic insights into endosomal escape by sodium oleate-modified liposomes
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1667–1685, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.131
- converts to its protonated form, OLA, enhancing its hydrophobic interactions with the endosomal membrane. This protonation is expected to further increase membrane fluidity, facilitating the release of the liposomal payload into the cytosol. Moreover, its amphipathic nature allows it to form stable
- bilayer. Notably, after 100 ns, OLA is significantly integrated within the membrane. At the end of the simulation (200 ns), OLA is thoroughly embedded, suggesting strong hydrophobic interactions that could potentially disrupt membrane integrity. This deep insertion is indicative of a substantial effect on
- , after 200 ns, it is embedded within the bilayer, albeit less deeply than OLA. This gradual and less disruptive interaction is likely attributable to the amphipathic nature of AUR, which balances hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions. Further analysis, as shown in Supporting Information File 1, Figure
Biomimetic nanocarriers: integrating natural functions for advanced therapeutic applications
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1619–1626, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.127
- electrostatic attraction, leading to spontaneous synthesis [46][47][48]. The process depends on electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions, where modulation of the carrier charge determines the strength of interaction and conjugation efficiency with the membrane vesicle [49][50]. A common technique for merging
Natural nanofibers embedded in the seed mucilage envelope: composite hydrogels with specific adhesive and frictional properties
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1603–1618, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.126
- between mucilage and substrate. Also, very recent studies involving computer simulations demonstrated the influence of different temperatures on hydrophobic–polar and hydrogen bond interactions within the mucilage envelope [150]. The adhesive strength is expressed as the maximum force per unit area [29
Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles derived from algae and their larvicidal properties to control Aedes aegypti
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1566–1575, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.123
- characteristics such as greater absorption capacity, greater bioavailability, controlled release of active ingredients, improved solubility of hydrophobic substances in water, and good kinetic stability [12][13][14]. Metallic nanoparticles have been investigated as a promising approach for vector control. The
Polymer lipid hybrid nanoparticles for phytochemical delivery: challenges, progress, and future prospects
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1473–1497, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.118
- water solubility. Many phytochemicals are hydrophobic and show poor water solubility, which significantly restricts their absorption in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) when administered orally. This low solubility leads to low bioavailability, resulting in sub-therapeutic levels of the phytochemical at
- minimizes the interaction with blood components and immune cells. This reduces the risk of immune reactions and increases the half-life of the nanoparticles in the body. Additionally, PEGylation can improve the solubility of hydrophobic drugs, facilitating their delivery. The hybrid structure of these
Nanotechnological approaches for efficient N2B delivery: from small-molecule drugs to biopharmaceuticals
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1400–1414, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.113
- ]. Liposomes Liposomes are another type of DDS that has been extensively investigated over the years [87][88][89]. The structure of a liposome contains a lipid bilayer surrounding an aqueous core, which offers advantages in encapsulating both hydrophobic and hydrophilic substances [90]. The additional
- microfluidics and high-shear-force homogenization [110]. As DDS, nanoemulsions can be reservoirs for encapsulating hydrophobic substances [111]. Moreover, emulsions of emulsions or double emulsions can be prepared by dispersing the droplets of primary emulsion into another liquid phase. Double emulsions can be
A biomimetic approach towards a universal slippery liquid infused surface coating
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1376–1389, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.111
- cyclic olefin copolymer, silicon, and stainless steel substrates, by first growing a PDA film on each substrate. This was followed by a hydrophobic liquid anchor layer created by functionalizing the PDA film with a fluorinated thiol. Finally, perfluorodecalin was applied to the surface immediately prior
- through static water contact angle measurements, the results of which can be found in Figure 2. The observed static water contact angles taken from the three different bare substrates varied slightly, with COC as the most hydrophobic one because of its hydrocarbon chemical structure. As these substrates
- were functionalized with PDA, all three substrates became more wettable. The final functionalization layer (FDT) then coated the surface with electronegative fluorine groups, thereby, creating a more hydrophobic surface [37]. The static water contact angle values collected from the three substrates
Interaction of graphene oxide with tannic acid: computational modeling and toxicity mitigation in C. elegans
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1297–1311, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.105
- in hydrogen bonding as well as hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions; also, they are responsible for TA’s high solubility, reactivity to metal cations, binding capacity to molecules and surfaces, and significant reducing and radical scavenging properties [19][21][22][23][24]. This range of
Dual-functionalized architecture enables stable and tumor cell-specific SiO2NPs in complex biological fluids
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1238–1252, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.100
- increase in the hydrodynamic diameter for the SiO2NPs-ZW-FO may be associated with their subtle aggregation after the addition of folate or simply by the change in the dynamic structure of the particle since folate is hydrophobic [35] and can alter the arrangement of water molecules around the NP. Zeta
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