Heat-induced transformation of nickel-coated polycrystalline diamond film studied in situ by XPS and NEXAFS

• Olga V. Sedelnikova,
• Yuliya V. Fedoseeva,
• Dmitriy V. Gorodetskiy,
• Yuri N. Palyanov,
• Elena V. Shlyakhova,
• Eugene A. Maksimovskiy,
• Anna A. Makarova,
• Lyubov G. Bulusheva and
• Aleksandr V. Okotrub

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 887–898, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.67

• the intensity of 2D and G peaks (I2D/IG) and the FWHM of the 2D peak [50]. A monolayer graphene typically has the I2D/IG values greater than 2 and the FWHM of the 2D peak of ≈30 cm−1. In all spectra measured from different areas of the annealed Ni-PCD film, the I2D/IG value is about 0.6 and the FWHM

Insights into the electronic and atomic structures of cerium oxide-based ultrathin films and nanostructures using high-brilliance light sources

• Paola Luches and
• Federico Boscherini

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 860–871, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.65

• of ultrathin epitaxial cerium oxide films on Pt(111) demonstrated the influence of the substrate in 2 monolayer (ML) films. Figure 4a shows the Ce–O in-plane and out-of-plane distances obtained from the analysis of EXAFS data acquired on a 2 ML and on a 10 ML ceria film. Figure 4a also reports the

Thickness dependent oxidation in CrCl₃: a scanning X-ray photoemission and Kelvin probe microscopies study

• Shafaq Kazim,
• Rahul Parmar,
• Maryam Azizinia,
• Matteo Amati,
• Muhammad Rauf,
• Andrea Di Cicco,
• Seyed Javid Rezvani,
• Dario Mastrippolito,
• Luca Ottaviano,
• Tomasz Klimczuk,
• Luca Gregoratti and
• Roberto Gunnella

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 749–761, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.58

• . employed Monte Carlo methods to observe ferromagnetic behavior in monolayers below 66 K and proposed that hole doping could further enhance the Curie temperature [21]. Similarly, another Monte Carlo study found that the transition temperature for monolayer CrCl3 is 49 K, proposing that the Curie

• material. This is an aspect of particular relevance because of the possible applications of the material to monolayer-thin devices. Experimental The preparation of exfoliated CrCl3 flakes from the single crystal bulk material was reported in our previous papers [2][11]. Though preferentially a 270 nm

Synthesis of a multicomponent cellulose-based adsorbent for tetracycline removal from aquaculture water

• Uyen Bao Tran,
• Ngoc Thanh Vo-Tran,
• Khai The Truong,
• Dat Anh Nguyen,
• Quang Nhat Tran,
• Huu-Quang Nguyen,
• Jaebeom Lee and
• Hai Son Truong-Lam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 728–739, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.56

• follows the monolayer adsorption mechanism described by the Langmuir model, the degree of fit was evaluated using the equilibrium coefficient RL. Notably, the RL values, calculated in Table 2 and presented in Figure 5c, range from 0.167 to 0.334, indicating that TC adsorption onto PGC is favorable and

• conforms to the Langmuir isotherm model. The higher R2 value for the Langmuir model compared to that for the Freundlich model (Table 2, Figure 5a,b) suggests that the Langmuir model better describes TC adsorption onto PGC. This finding indicates that TC adsorption onto PGC occurs as monolayer adsorption on

Colloidal few layered graphene–tannic acid preserves the biocompatibility of periodontal ligament cells

• Teissir Ben Ammar,
• Naji Kharouf,
• Dominique Vautier,
• Housseinou Ba,
• Nivedita Sudheer,
• Philippe Lavalle and
• Vincent Ball

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 664–677, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.51

• , compared to those of 1 µg·mL−1 PLG-TA and CTRL+, should have no impact on cell fate because for all conditions the CV values are around 0.4. It was shown that in mouse fibroblasts grown on a graphene monolayer on a glass substrate, chromatin decompaction was induced [44]. Our results differ, probably due

A formulation containing Cymbopogon flexuosus essential oil: improvement of biochemical parameters and oxidative stress in diabetic rats

• Ailton Santos Sena-Júnior,
• Cleverton Nascimento Santana Andrade,
• Pedro Henrique Macedo Moura,
• Jocsã Hémany Cândido dos Santos,
• Cauãn Torres Trancoso,
• Eloia Emanuelly Dias Silva,
• Deise Maria Rego Rodrigues Silva,
• Ênio Pereira Telles,
• Luiz André Santos Silva,
• Isabella Lima Dantas Teles,
• Sara Fernanda Mota de Almeida,
• Daniel Alves de Souza,
• Jileno Ferreira Santos,
• Felipe José Aidar Martins,
• Ana Mara de Oliveira e Silva,
• Sandra Lauton-Santos,
• Guilherme Rodolfo Souza de Araujo,
• Cristiane Bani Correa,
• Rogéria De Souza Nunes,
• Lysandro Pinto Borges and
• Ana Amélia Moreira Lira

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 617–636, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.48

• (surfactants + water, without EOCF), EOCF, and the selected microemulsion containing EOCF (M7-EOCF), at concentrations of 50, 100, and 200 µg/mL, and cultured under the previous conditions for further 24 h. At the end of this phase, the cell monolayer was washed twice with phosphate-buffered saline, and then

Electron beam-based direct writing of nanostructures using a palladium β-ketoesterate complex

• Chinmai Sai Jureddy,
• Krzysztof Maćkosz,
• Aleksandra Butrymowicz-Kubiak,
• Iwona B. Szymańska,
• Patrik Hoffmann and
• Ivo Utke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 530–539, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.41

• using the maximum monolayer coverage n0 = 2.72 nm−2 for the Pd(tbaoac)2 molecule. The gas adsorption rate is νgas = 1.36 × 103 s−1, and the maximum dissociation rate is νdis = 6.16 × 103 s−1. This gives the upper limit on the desorption rate of νdes = 6.07 × 107 s−1. The ratios νdis/νdes = 1.01 × 10−4

Water in nanoporous hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets: a first-principles study

• Juliana A. Gonçalves,
• Ronaldo J. C. Batista and
• Marcia C. Barbosa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 510–519, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.39

• Cruzeiro, 35400-000, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil 10.3762/bjnano.16.39 Abstract Nanoporous membranes are being explored as efficient materials for water filtration and desalination applications. In this study, we analyzed the behavior of pores within a freestanding hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) monolayer in

• passage of ions and polar molecules. However, the use of h-BN as a membrane for water desalination is still a relatively new area of research. In this paper we propose an analysis using first-principles calculations to understand the stability of pores in monolayer h-BN and their interaction with water

• chemical potentials for B and N atoms are interrelated, that is, μB + μN = μBN, where μBN signifies the chemical potential of the h-BN monolayer. Under this constraint, the formation energies of h-BN nanopores with stoichiometric ratios of boron and nitrogen atoms are independent of the individual choices

Impact of adsorbate–substrate interaction on nanostructured thin films growth during low-pressure condensation

• Alina V. Dvornichenko,
• Vasyl O. Kharchenko and
• Dmitrii O. Kharchenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 473–483, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.36

• can have nanometer-scale linear dimensions [10][11]. Experimental observations showed that nanometer-scale vacancy islands can arrange into a perfect triangular lattice when a single monolayer of Ag is deposited on a Ru(0001) surface at room temperature [12]. Similar elongated nanometer-sized islands

Emerging strategies in the sustainable removal of antibiotics using semiconductor-based photocatalysts

• Yunus Ahmed,
• Keya Rani Dutta,
• Parul Akhtar,
• Md. Arif Hossen,
• Md. Jahangir Alam,
• Obaid A. Alharbi,
• Hamad AlMohamadi and
• Abdul Wahab Mohammad

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 264–285, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.21

• oxide-based materials Graphene is a monolayer of carbon atoms organized in a hexagonal lattice, with various types of defects present around the edges. This material is categorized based on the level of surface oxidation, which includes pristine graphene, graphene oxide, and reduced graphene oxide (rGO

Radiosensitizing properties of dual-functionalized carbon nanostructures loaded with temozolomide

• Radmila Milenkovska,
• Nikola Geskovski,
• Dushko Shalabalija,
• Ljubica Mihailova,
• Petre Makreski,
• Dushko Lukarski,
• Igor Stojkovski,
• Maja Simonoska Crcarevska and
• Kristina Mladenovska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 229–251, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.18

Modeling and simulation of carbon-nanocomposite-based gas sensors

• Roopa Hegde,
• Punya Prabha V,
• Shipra Upadhyay and
• Krishna S B

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 90–96, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.9

• model was initially formulated to characterize gas adsorption on solid-phase adsorbents such as carbon-based adsorbents [13]. The fundamental assumptions of the Langmuir isotherm include: (1) adsorption occurs as a monolayer; (2) adsorption sites are uniformly distributed; (3) the adsorption energy

• studies related to examining the suitability and limitations of the Langmuir adsorption isotherm for major unconventional gas resources [16]. The Langmuir isotherm is suitable for modeling monolayer adsorption on uniform sites. Fitting experimental adsorption data to the appropriate isotherm model is

• demonstrate that an increase in gas concentration within the test chamber corresponds to an increase in the number of adsorbed molecules on the surface, thereby enhancing surface coverage. The Langmuir adsorption model is used which is suitable when one assumes a monolayer of adsorbed gas molecules on a

Facile synthesis of size-tunable L-carnosine-capped silver nanoparticles and their role in metal ion sensing and catalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol

• Akash Kumar,
• Ridhima Chadha,
• Abhishek Das,
• Nandita Maiti and
• Rayavarapu Raja Gopal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1576–1592, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.124

• distribution [27]. ʟ-Carnosine forms a monolayer around the nanoparticles, providing a consistent and uniform surface coverage. This uniformity in surface passivation contributes to the narrow size distribution of the nanoparticles. The formation of stable silver nanoparticles capped with ʟ-carnosine was

Strain-induced bandgap engineering in 2D ψ-graphene materials: a first-principles study

• Kamal Kumar,
• Nora H. de Leeuw,
• Jost Adam and
• Abhishek Kumar Mishra

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1440–1452, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.116

• al. found a shift from an indirect bandgap to a direct bandgap in arsenene under uniaxial strain along the zig-zag direction [37]. Mohan et al. employed DFT to study the effect of strain on the electrical band structure of a silicene monolayer and found a bandgap (335 meV) opening in silicene at 4

Ion-induced surface reactions and deposition from Pt(CO)₂Cl₂ and Pt(CO)₂Br₂

• Mohammed K. Abdel-Rahman,
• Patrick M. Eckhert,
• Atul Chaudhary,
• Johnathon M. Johnson,
• Jo-Chi Yu,
• Lisa McElwee-White and
• D. Howard Fairbrother

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1427–1439, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.115

• under steady-state conditions. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and mass spectrometry data from monolayer thick films of Pt(CO)2Cl2 and Pt(CO)2Br2 exposed to 3 keV Ar+, He+, and H2+ ions indicate that deposition is initiated by the desorption of both CO ligands, a process ascribed to momentum

A biomimetic approach towards a universal slippery liquid infused surface coating

• Ryan A. Faase,
• Madeleine H. Hummel,
• AnneMarie V. Hasbrook,
• Andrew P. Carpenter and
• Joe E. Baio

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1376–1389, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.111

• modification of the PDA film though the formation of a pseudo self-assembled monolayer [19][20]. In this process, molecules that contain thiol groups attach to the newly formed PDA surface via Michael addition [21][22][23]. In this work, we take advantage of PDA to covalently attach fluorinated chains

• square roughness (Rq), a useful metric for comparing surface roughness. The final layer with FDT should increase the surface roughness as only a monolayer is expected to bond. The final value layer of the coating that contains FDT showed Rq values of 70.5 ± 23.5 nm for COC, 46.9 ± 26 nm for Si, and 47.8

Out-of-plane polarization induces a picosecond photoresponse in rhombohedral stacked bilayer WSe₂

• Guixian Liu,
• Yufan Wang,
• Zhoujuan Xu,
• Zhouxiaosong Zeng,
• Lanyu Huang,
• Cuihuan Ge and
• Xiao Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1362–1368, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.109

• interlayer engineering, it is viable to fabricate the 2D ferroelectrics using vdW materials, even when the monolayer exhibits centrosymmetry [15][16][17][18][19][20]. Two-dimensional ferroelectrics constructed through interlayer engineering typically break out-of-plane (OOP) symmetry, resulting in the

• graphene/3R bilayer WSe2/graphene vertical heterojunction shown in Figure 1b. We performed SHG measurements with an 800 nm laser to excite monolayer WSe2 and artificially stacked bilayer WSe2. A stronger SHG intensity at 400 nm was detected in bilayer WSe2 constructed by artificial stacking, which

• confirmed its 3R phase (Figure 1c). To highlight the difference in SHG intensity between bilayer WSe2 of various phases and monolayer WSe2, we controlled the stacking angle to prepare 3R and 2H regions on the same monolayer WSe2 (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S2a). The corresponding SHG scanning map

Nanoarchitectonics with cetrimonium bromide on metal nanoparticles for linker-free detection of toxic metal ions and catalytic degradation of 4-nitrophenol

• Akash Kumar and
• Raja Gopal Rayavarapu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1312–1332, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.106

• monolayer around the nanoparticles, providing a consistent and uniform surface coverage. This uniformity in surface passivation contributes to the narrow size distribution of the particles. The long hydrocarbon tails of the CTAB molecules extending from the nanoparticle surface create steric repulsive

Dual-functionalized architecture enables stable and tumor cell-specific SiO₂NPs in complex biological fluids

• Iris Renata Sousa Ribeiro,
• Raquel Frenedoso da Silva,
• Romênia Ramos Domingues,
• Adriana Franco Paes Leme and
• Mateus Borba Cardoso

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1238–1252, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.100

• medium and kept in an atmosphere of 5% CO2, and 95% air at 37 °C in a humidified incubator. Subsequently, cells were seeded onto 96 well microplates at a density of 1 × 104 cells/well at a final volume of 200 μL and incubated for 24 h to obtain a subconfluent monolayer. Cells were exposed to SiO2NPs at

A low-kiloelectronvolt focused ion beam strategy for processing low-thermal-conductance materials with nanoampere currents

• Annalena Wolff,
• Nico Klingner,
• William Thompson,
• Yinghong Zhou,
• Jinying Lin and
• Yin Xiao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1197–1207, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.97

• program SRIM (Monte Carlo simulation) was used to determine the heat flux that 5 keV gallium ions (Ga+) induce in skin. 50000 ions were simulated for each incident ion energy. The methods “surface sputtering/monolayer collision steps” was selected as the calculation type. The plotting window size was

Quantum-to-classical modeling of monolayer Ge₂Se₂ and its application in photovoltaic devices

• Anup Shrivastava,
• Shivani Saini,
• Dolly Kumari,
• Sanjai Singh and
• Jost Adam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1153–1169, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.94

• characteristics of group IV–VI dichalcogenides are yet to be thoroughly investigated. This manuscript reports on monolayer Ge2Se2 (a group IV–VI dichalcogenide), its optoelectronic behavior, and its potential application in photovoltaics. When employed as a hole transport layer, the material fosters an

• –k dispersion reveals the investigated material’s key electronic properties. The calculations reveal a direct bandgap of 1.12 eV for monolayer Ge2Se2. We further extract critical optical parameters using the Kubo–Greenwood formalism and Kramers–Kronig relations. A significantly large absorption

• coefficient and a high dielectric constant inspired the design of a monolayer Ge2Se2-based solar cell, exhibiting a high open circuit voltage of Voc = 1.11 V, a fill factor of 87.66%, and more than 28% power conversion efficiency at room temperature. Our findings advocate monolayer Ge2Se2 for various

Unveiling the potential of alginate-based nanomaterials in sensing technology and smart delivery applications

• Shakhzodjon Uzokboev,
• Khojimukhammad Akhmadbekov,
• Ra’no Nuritdinova,
• Salah M. Tawfik and
• Yong-Ill Lee

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1077–1104, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.88

• a monolayer of gas coverage. The surface area of nanomaterials can also be determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and secondary ion mass spectroscopy [64][65]. Zeta potential: The zeta potential of nanoparticles can be calculated from the electrophoretic mobility of particles in a particular

Interface properties of nanostructured carbon-coated biological implants: an overview

• Mattia Bartoli,
• Francesca Cardano,
• Erik Piatti,
• Stefania Lettieri,
• Andrea Fin and
• Alberto Tagliaferro

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1041–1053, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.85

• proliferation. The authors reported a significant improvement of cytocompatibility with the creation of a preosteoblastic monolayer on the coated surface after one week of cell culture. Chen and co-workers [95] investigated the effect of GO coating as antifibrotic on metal implants. They controlled the

Exploring surface charge dynamics: implications for AFM height measurements in 2D materials

• Mario Navarro-Rodriguez,
• Andres M. Somoza and
• Elisa Palacios-Lidon

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 767–780, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.64

• monolayer flakes of 2D materials is the inaccurate height derived from topography images, often attributed to capillary or electrostatic forces. Here, we show the existence of a Joule dissipative mechanism related to charge dynamics and supplementing the dissipation due to capillary forces. This particular

• , consequently, affect the measured height. To investigate this phenomenon, we conduct measurements on monolayer flakes of co-deposited graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide. Subsequently, we introduce a general model that elucidates our observations. This approach offers valuable insights into the dynamics

• (a) and (b). (a) Topography and (b) 2ωelec images of rGO and GO monolayer flakes. (c) The top image corresponds to the 3D representation of the topography along the black line shown in (a) as a function of time as Vbias is changed in 0.5 V increments. The bottom plot corresponds to the average height

Electron-induced deposition using Fe(CO)₄MA and Fe(CO)₅ – effect of MA ligand and process conditions

• Hannah Boeckers,
• Atul Chaudhary,
• Petra Martinović,
• Amy V. Walker,
• Lisa McElwee-White and
• Petra Swiderek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 500–516, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.45

• small attenuation of the TaNNN signal, despite being slightly more pronounced as compared to Figure 6a, is still typical of a coverage in the monolayer regime. For example, a carbon layer with homogeneous thickness of 0.2 nm (scenario A) would lead to an attenuation of the TaNNN signal by about 25