Nanostructured materials characterized by scanning photoelectron spectromicroscopy

• Matteo Amati,
• Alexey S. Shkvarin,
• Alexander I. Merentsov,
• Alexander N. Titov,
• María Taeño,
• David Maestre,
• Sarah R. McKibbin,
• Zygmunt Milosz,
• Ana Cremades,
• Rainer Timm and
• Luca Gregoratti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 700–710, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.54

• technologically relevant nanostructure devices. The type and amount of surface oxide and defects can be obtained from XPS peak fitting, as presented in Figure 2c, assuming a Shirley background and Voigt doublet components (more fitting components can be found in [18]). Both the In 4d and P 2p spectra were fitted

Functionalized gold nanoflowers on carbon screen-printed electrodes: an electrochemical platform for biosensing hemagglutinin protein of influenza A H1N1 virus

• Carlos Enrique Torres-Méndez,
• Sharmilee Nandi,
• Klara Martinovic,
• Patrizia Kühne,
• Yifan Liu,
• Sam Taylor,
• Maria Lysandrou,
• Maria Ines Berrojo Romeyro Mascarenhas,
• Viktoria Langwallner,
• Javier Enrique Sebastián Alonso,
• Ivana Jovanovic,
• Maike Lüftner,
• Georgia-Vasiliki Gkountana,
• David Bern,
• Abdul-Raouf Atif,
• Ehsan Manouchehri Doulabi,
• Gemma Mestres and
• Masood Kamali-Moghaddam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 540–550, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.42

• nanohybrids of MoSe2−CsPbBr3 with a size range between 60 and 80 nm [38]. This effect has been relevant to enhance the Raman scattering vibrational modes in surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy measurements. It has also been noticed that the shape of the nanostructure can be used to tune the magnitude of the

Electron beam-based direct writing of nanostructures using a palladium β-ketoesterate complex

• Chinmai Sai Jureddy,
• Krzysztof Maćkosz,
• Aleksandra Butrymowicz-Kubiak,
• Iwona B. Szymańska,
• Patrik Hoffmann and
• Ivo Utke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 530–539, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.41

• nanostructure and composition of the deposits were determined, and possible volatile products produced under electron-induced dissociation, explaining the composition, are investigated. A method to eliminate the residual gas contamination during FEBID was implemented. [Pd(tbaoac)2] contains large organic

• prepared on an ultrathin carbon support film spanning a lacey carbon membrane (Figure 2c). The deposit appears smeared because of drift caused by charging effects during the deposition process. High-resolution STEM imaging (Figure 2d,e) revealed a granular nanostructure with nanograins of around 2 nm in

• of further studies of dissociation and desorption mechanisms involved in the removal of the carbon- and oxygen-rich ketoesterate ligands. The nanopillar formed from this precursor demonstrates its potential for 3D nanostructure fabrication using FEBID. The structure of bis(tert-butylacetoacetate

N₂⁺-implantation-induced tailoring of structural, morphological, optical, and electrical characteristics of sputtered molybdenum thin films

• Usha Rani,
• Kafi Devi,
• Divya Gupta and
• Sanjeev Aggarwal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 495–509, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.38

• polycrystalline Mo mirrors for plasma diagnostics when treated with low-energy He+ ion irradiation at ambient temperature and 400 °C. Takamura et al. [21] examined the effects of He plasma irradiation on Mo thin films. The temperature range for nanostructure growth was within a temperature range of 800 to 1050 K

Performance optimization of a microwave-coupled plasma-based ultralow-energy ECR ion source for silicon nanostructuring

• Joy Mukherjee,
• Safiul Alam Mollick,
• Tanmoy Basu and
• Tapobrata Som

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 484–494, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.37

• clear signature of ripple-like nanostructure formation. Figure 6a–c shows the variation of the surface profile of the AFM images shown in Figure 5. The height profile is direct evidence of the variation of ripple amplitude with irradiation time. The increase in ripple height with irradiation time is

• shown in Figure 6a–c. Further, the fluctuation in ripple height or amplitude, generally termed as rms roughness, is also investigated in Figure 6d. The rms roughness increases linearly with the irradiation time (i.e., fluence). Further, the ordering of the nanostructure with bombardment time, examined

• surface. Inert Ar causes no chemical modifications of the silicon surface. Also there are no implanted Ar ions on the silicon surface (Figure 5g), particularly in this lower-energy regime. Therefore, in the present case, the amorphization due to ion beam sputtering and the nanostructure formation change

Precursor sticking coefficient determination from indented deposits fabricated by electron beam induced deposition

• Alexander Kuprava and
• Michael Huth

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 35–43, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.4

• (continuum model) of the precursor surface on the growing nanostructure in conjunction with a Monte Carlo simulation for electron transport in the growing deposit. An important requirement in this regard is to have access to a methodology that can be used to systematically determine the values for the set of

Bioinspired nanofilament coatings for scale reduction on steel

• Siad Dahir Ali,
• Mette Heidemann Rasmussen,
• Jacopo Catalano,
• Christian Husum Frederiksen and
• Tobias Weidner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 25–34, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.3

• maintenance costs. By understanding and replicating the nanostructured [3][7][8][9], liquid-repelling features of Collembola skin, we propose a novel approach to mitigate this issue. Figure 1 displays the cuticle micro- and nanostructure which leads to effective water repellency [5]. It has been shown how the

Orientation-dependent photonic bandgaps in gold-dust weevil scales and their titania bioreplicates

• Norma Salvadores Farran,
• Limin Wang,
• Primoz Pirih and
• Bodo D. Wilts

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1–10, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.1

• the standard chemicals (trifluoroacetic acid, nitric acid (68%, technical), hydrochloric acid (35%, technical), and perchloric acid (60%)) were purchased from VWR (Vienna, Austria). Full-wave photonic modeling Light scattering by the single diamond network nanostructure was simulated with the three

• standard. Scale bars: (a) 1 mm and (b) 10 μm. Structural characterization of the scales. (a) SEM image of an intact scale with the upper lamina facing upwards. (b, c) Cross-sectional images of an intact scale show a thin cortex wrapping around a chitin–air network with a 3D periodic nanostructure; the

• undulating upper cortex layer is thicker in (b) than the flat lower cortex layer in (c). (d) SEM image of the lower surface of an etched scale. (e) Different lattice orientations of the 3D nanostructure found in etched scales. The structure is strongly reminiscent of single diamond-type photonic networks [15

Biomimetic nanocarriers: integrating natural functions for advanced therapeutic applications

• Hugo Felix Perini,
• Beatriz Sodré Matos,
• Carlo José Freire de Oliveira and
• Marcos Vinicius da Silva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1619–1626, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.127

• or active targeting mechanisms. In the passive strategy, coated nanocarriers can traverse permeable vessels (as observed in tumors, for example) and exhibit tropism toward specific pathological targets based on the size, surface charge, and physicochemical properties of the nanostructure. The active

Ultrablack color in velvet ant cuticle

• Vinicius Marques Lopez,
• Wencke Krings,
• Juliana Reis Machado,
• Stanislav Gorb and
• Rhainer Guillermo-Ferreira

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1554–1565, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.122

• feature grooved nanostructure and are hollow (D), with no morphological distinction between white (B and C) and black (E and F) setae. Legend: St = setae; Rn = grooves on the bristles; i = hollow interior of the setae; Es = surface sculpturing; Ce = slightly flattened setae; Cf = spines. Scale bars: 1 mm

The round-robin approach applied to nanoinformatics: consensus prediction of nanomaterials zeta potential

• Dimitra-Danai Varsou,
• Arkaprava Banerjee,
• Joyita Roy,
• Kunal Roy,
• Giannis Savvas,
• Haralambos Sarimveis,
• Ewelina Wyrzykowska,
• Mateusz Balicki,
• Tomasz Puzyn,
• Georgia Melagraki,
• Iseult Lynch and
• Antreas Afantitis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1536–1553, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.121

• convolutional neural network to predict the ZP of 119 NPs based on their nanostructure images. The abovementioned studies are indicative examples of models that have been used for the computational assessment of NPs ZP. As research progresses, such models are expected to become increasingly sophisticated and

Polymer lipid hybrid nanoparticles for phytochemical delivery: challenges, progress, and future prospects

• Iqra Rahat,
• Pooja Yadav,
• Aditi Singhal,
• Mohammad Fareed,
• Jaganathan Raja Purushothaman,
• Mohammed Aslam,
• Raju Balaji,
• Sonali Patil-Shinde and
• Md. Rizwanullah

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1473–1497, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.118

• endocytosis. IQN-iRGD-PLHNPs also exhibited much higher cytotoxicity than non-targeted IQN-PLHNPs and free IQN. Interestingly, after leveraging iRGD peptides for active tumor-tissue accumulation and employing a stealth nanostructure for prolonged in vivo circulation, ISL-iRGD NPs exhibited superior

Strain-induced bandgap engineering in 2D ψ-graphene materials: a first-principles study

• Kamal Kumar,
• Nora H. de Leeuw,
• Jost Adam and
• Abhishek Kumar Mishra

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1440–1452, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.116

• Interdisciplinary Nanostructure Science and Technology, University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Straße 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany 10.3762/bjnano.15.116 Abstract High mechanical strength, excellent thermal and electrical conductivity, and tunable properties make two-dimensional (2D) materials attractive for various

Ion-induced surface reactions and deposition from Pt(CO)₂Cl₂ and Pt(CO)₂Br₂

• Mohammed K. Abdel-Rahman,
• Patrick M. Eckhert,
• Atul Chaudhary,
• Johnathon M. Johnson,
• Jo-Chi Yu,
• Lisa McElwee-White and
• D. Howard Fairbrother

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1427–1439, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.115

• ability of data acquired from fundamental UHV surface science studies to provide insights that can be used to better understand the interactions between ions and precursors during IBID from inorganic precursors. Keywords: deposition; ion beam; nanostructure; organometallic; precursor; Introduction

Various CVD-grown ZnO nanostructures for nanodevices and interdisciplinary applications

• The-Long Phan,
• Le Viet Cuong,
• Vu Dinh Lam and
• Ngoc Toan Dang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1390–1399, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.112

• second type of nanostructure has a shape which resembles that of matches or drumsticks, which was mixed with several hexagonal prism-shaped nanorods, named M in Figure 2c. We also collected images of nanopencils, named P1 and P2 in Figure 3d,e, which have hexagonal prism-shaped bodies with sharp tips

New design of operational MEMS bridges for measurements of properties of FEBID-based nanostructures

• Bartosz Pruchnik,
• Krzysztof Kwoka,
• Ewelina Gacka,
• Dominik Badura,
• Piotr Kunicki,
• Andrzej Sierakowski,
• Paweł Janus,
• Tomasz Piasecki and
• Teodor Gotszalk

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1273–1282, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.103

• nanostructure. Keywords: FEBID; MEMS; MEMS bridge; nanowires; opMEMS; Introduction Nanoelectronics is the fastest developing branch of modern electronic technology. Reduced dimensions allow for lower power consumption of the circuit and higher operating speeds [1][2]. Even more advantages (e.g., developed

• for the desired MEMS measurement platforms are as follows: They should be dimensionally compatible with the nanostructure to be tested and allow for actuation with an embedded actuation mechanism. To operate, MEMS platforms require auxiliary equipment such as a scanning electron microscope (SEM) or

• nanomodification. Finally, we show results of resistance measurements of a free-standing FEBID nanostructure deposited across the RoI of a LiS-embedded opMEMS bridge. Materials and Methods Design of opMEMS bridges The opMEMS were fabricated on an undoped ⟨110⟩ silicon substrate on which a 40 nm silicon nitride

A low-kiloelectronvolt focused ion beam strategy for processing low-thermal-conductance materials with nanoampere currents

• Annalena Wolff,
• Nico Klingner,
• William Thompson,
• Yinghong Zhou,
• Jinying Lin and
• Yin Xiao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1197–1207, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.97

• heating effects that lead to noticeable changes in nanostructure deposition geometry during FEBID processes have recently been published [19]. These approaches, a thorough understanding of the parameters that govern the beam-induced heat damage as well as open source software, would also be beneficial for

Quantum-to-classical modeling of monolayer Ge₂Se₂ and its application in photovoltaic devices

• Anup Shrivastava,
• Shivani Saini,
• Dolly Kumari,
• Sanjai Singh and
• Jost Adam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1153–1169, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.94

• Technology, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Patna, India Center for Interdisciplinary Nanostructure Science and Technology (CINSaT), University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany 10.3762/bjnano.15.94 Abstract Since the discovery of graphene in

Photocatalytic methane oxidation over a TiO₂/SiNWs p–n junction catalyst at room temperature

• Qui Thanh Hoai Ta,
• Luan Minh Nguyen,
• Ngoc Hoi Nguyen,
• Phan Khanh Thinh Nguyen and
• Dai Hai Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1132–1141, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.92

• carriers prior to their participation in reactions significantly reduces the efficiency of methane oxidation reactions [23][24]. To address these issues of TiO2 nanomaterials, many scientists have developed TiO2-based nanostructure composites as advanced photocatalysts [25][26][27][28][29][30]. The

• that the superior wettability of TiO2/SiNWs (hydrophilic surfaces) compared to TiO2/glass (hydrophobic surfaces) enables partial adsorption of water molecules, which facilitates the generation of radicals necessary for photocatalytic reactions. Furthermore, the TiO2 nanostructure and p-type SiNWs are

A review on the structural characterization of nanomaterials for nano-QSAR models

• Salvador Moncho,
• Eva Serrano-Candelas,
• Jesús Vicente de Julián-Ortiz and
• Rafael Gozalbes

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 854–866, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.71

• their aggregates on their toxicity has been recently reviewed [13]. From now, we will use the label “nanostructure” to refer to these properties, in comparison with the term “structure” referring to the chemical composition. The nanostructural differences among nanoparticles can be defined by different

• means: (i) direct measurements of their structure (e.g., their size), (ii) comparison of their physical properties that depend on size/nanostructure, and (iii) consideration of differences in their preparation. Another particularity of NMs is their chemical composition, as they could exhibit complex

• related to the external part (shell or surface) and/or the substituents or ligands attached to it ((b) in Figure 3), and those that directly reflect the nanostructure of the nanoform (including factors such as size, aspect ratio, or surface area, (c) in Figure 3). (ii) Descriptors that codify experimental

Elastic modulus of β-Ga₂O₃ nanowires measured by resonance and three-point bending techniques

• Annamarija Trausa,
• Sven Oras,
• Sergei Vlassov,
• Mikk Antsov,
• Tauno Tiirats,
• Andreas Kyritsakis,
• Boris Polyakov and
• Edgars Butanovs

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 704–712, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.58

• variations in reported nanostructure moduli. The mean elastic modulus of 34.5 and 75.8 GPa were obtained from resonance and three-point bending methods, respectively, which is significantly lower than the bulk value. Furthermore, the measured elastic moduli values indicate the need for finely controllable β

• reasons for the scattering of the measured elastic modulus values. Secondly, since the elastic modulus depends so intricately on the dimensions of the nanostructure (height is raised to the third power for three-point bending, width to the second power, and length to the fourth power for resonance

• error to the calculations which should be minimised via a thorough study of each individual nanostructure geometry [29]. The magnitude of the geometrical measurement error typically increases significantly for smaller NWs, since the relative measurement error is becoming comparable to the absolute value

Laser synthesis of nanoparticles in organic solvents – products, reactions, and perspectives

• Theo Fromme,
• Sven Reichenberger,
• Katharine M. Tibbetts and
• Stephan Barcikowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 638–663, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.54

• formation of doped, compounded, and encapsulated nanoparticles. It will be shown how the choice of solvent, synthesis method, and laser parameters influence the nanostructure formation as well as the amount and chain length of the generated polyyne by-products. Finally, theoretical approaches to address the

Potential of a deep eutectic solvent in silver nanoparticle fabrication for antibiotic residue detection

• Le Hong Tho,
• Bui Xuan Khuyen,
• Ngoc Xuan Dat Mai and
• Nhu Hoa Thi Tran

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 426–434, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.38

• the nanostructure and surface morphology of the nanoparticles, as well as the elemental distribution of silver on the substrate, a S4800 field-emission scanning electron microscope purchased from Hitachi, Japan, and an M4 TORNADOPlus Micro X-ray fluorescence spectrometer with a Rh tube at 30 W micro

Modulated critical currents of spin-transfer torque-induced resistance changes in NiCu/Cu multilayered nanowires

• Mengqi Fu,
• Roman Hartmann,
• Julian Braun,
• Sergej Andreev,
• Torsten Pietsch and
• Elke Scheer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 360–366, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.32

• equipment and the expert support concerning its usage and data analysis provided by the Nanostructure Laboratory at the University of Konstanz. Funding This research was funded by the A. v. Humboldt Foundation and the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) through project numbers

Controllable physicochemical properties of WO_x thin films grown under glancing angle

• Rupam Mandal,
• Aparajita Mandal,
• Alapan Dutta,
• Rengasamy Sivakumar,
• Sanjeev Kumar Srivastava and
• Tapobrata Som

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 350–359, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.31

• in Figure S1a and Figure S1b (Supporting Information File 1), respectively, confirming the compact growth of the columnar nanostructures originating from the GLAD geometry [32]. Here, the higher thickness is presented only to demonstrate the columnar nanostructure formation in a clearer way. Based on