Durable antimicrobial activity of fabrics functionalized with zeolite ion-exchanged nanomaterials against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli

• Perla Sánchez-López,
• Kendra Ramirez Acosta,
• Sergio Fuentes Moyado,
• Ruben Dario Cadena-Nava and
• Elena Smolentseva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 262–274, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.18

• nanotechnology has expanded into different areas of science, including physics, chemistry, biology, and medicine, over the past few decades [1][2]. Recently, nanoparticles (NPs), nanomaterials, and nanocomposites have been applied in various fields, including medicine and biotechnology, to reduce the recurrence

• of infections [3][4]. In this context, nanotechnology and nanomaterials offer a new alternative to combat pathogens such as viruses and bacteria. Metal NPs have intrinsic manipulatable properties that make them useful in a wide variety of research fields, including biomedicine. Different types of NPs

• that ZnO possesses unique antibacterial, antimicrobial, and antifungal properties, making it effective against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria [19][20]. Recently, the application of nanotechnology has been extended to textiles. Fabrics functionalized with nanoparticles, also known as

Micro- and nanoscale effects in biological and bioinspired materials and surfaces

• Thies H. Büscher,
• Rhainer Guillermo Ferreira,
• Manuela Rebora and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 214–217, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.14

• inspiration from biological solutions for technology [3]. By studying multiscale structures and mechanisms in biological systems, biomimetics enables the translation of the fundamental principles into technological solutions for practical uses. In this context, bioinspired nanotechnology plays a vital role in

• generalizing nanoscale properties and processes in biology to engineer functional surfaces and interfaces across different scales. In May 2023, the Beilstein Nanotechnology Symposium titled “Functional Micro- and Nanostructured Surfaces: from Biology to Biomimetics” brought together a diverse group of

• discussions and collaborations from this symposium led to the motivation of vigorously representing this area in the Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology, resulting in more than just one thematic issue showcasing novel research in this field. Emerging from this event, a first thematic issue "Biomimetics and

Safe and sustainable by design with ML/AI: A transformative approach to advancing nanotechnology

• Georgia Melagraki

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 176–185, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.11

• Georgia Melagraki Hellenic Military Academy, Vari, Greece 10.3762/bjnano.17.11 Abstract Nanotechnology is revolutionizing different sectors such as medicine, energy, defence, and environmental science by enabling the development of materials and technologies with exceptional precision and

• efficiency. From advanced drug delivery systems to clean energy solutions, the applications of nanotechnology are diverse and transformative. However, these innovations are accompanied by complex challenges regarding safety and sustainability for both the nanoscale materials themselves and for the products

• materials before producing them. This perspective article highlights how ML and AI are driving the evolution of SSbD in nanotechnology, focussing on predictive toxicology, materials informatics, lifecycle analysis, and the pivotal role of digital twins. It also explores current challenges, emerging

From shield to spear: Charge-reversible nanocarriers in overcoming cancer therapy barriers

• Madhuri Yeduvaka,
• Pooja Mittal,
• Ameer Boyalakuntla,
• Usman Bee Shaik,
• Himanshu Sharma,
• Thakur Gurjeet Singh,
• Siva Nageswara Rao Gajula and
• Lakshmi Vineela Nalla

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 159–175, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.10

• , drug resistance, and poor tumour selectivity. In response to these limitations, nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems have gained prominence for enhancing solubility, improving molecular stability, enabling controlled drug release, and prolonging systemic circulation, offering superior therapeutic

• pressing need for innovative solutions. An example would be smart nanocarrier drug delivery systems that enhance targeting precision and mitigate adverse effects [9][10]. Nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems have revolutionised cancer treatment by improving drug solubility, stability, and

Influence of surface characteristics on the in vitro stability and cell uptake of nanoliposomes for brain delivery

• Dushko Shalabalija,
• Ljubica Mihailova,
• Nikola Geskovski,
• Andreas Zimmer,
• Otmar Geiss,
• Sabrina Gioria,
• Diletta Scaccabarozzi and
• Marija Glavas Dodov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 139–158, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.9

• characteristics; Introduction Advancements in nanotechnology and the use of nanoliposomes (NLs) as carriers for targeted delivery and controlled release of active components (AC) show promise in addressing multiple pathologies associated with neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease (AD) [1]. It is

Development and in vitro evaluation of liposomes and immunoliposomes containing 5-fluorouracil and R-phycoerythrin as a potential phototheranostic system for colorectal cancer

• Raissa Rodrigues Camelo,
• Vivianne Cortez Sombra Vandesmet,
• Octavio Vital Baccallini,
• José de Brito Vieira Neto,
• Thais da Silva Moreira,
• Luzia Kalyne Almeida Moreira Leal,
• Claudia Pessoa,
• Daniel Giuliano Cerri,
• Maria Vitória Lopes Badra Bentley,
• Josimar O. Eloy,
• Ivanildo José da Silva Júnior and
• Raquel Petrilli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 97–121, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.7

• that approximately half of metastatic CRC cases are resistant to 5-FU treatments, contributing to decrease the survival rate of patients [5]. In this context, nanotechnology has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment. Nanostructured drug delivery systems enable preferential

Missing links in nanomaterials research impacting productivity and perceptions

• Santosh K. Tiwari and
• Nannan Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2168–2176, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.149

• of scientific progress, nanotechnology remains underutilized in public-facing applications. A major issue is the limited engagement of leading tech industries in developing nanotechnology-based products, prompting concerns about tangible societal and industrial outcomes. Far away, funding challenges

• productive technologies like generative AI, machine learning, and related progress, nanotechnology has not achieved autonomous societal integration. The author argues that without a unified, transparent, and science-driven global regulatory framework, the transformative potential of nanotechnology will

• technology to catch up with his ideas, his foresight catalyzed a profound shift in the way scientists approached the material world. What was once philosophical became increasingly feasible and eventually tangible. Since then, various aspects of nanoscience and nanotechnology have evolved, ranging from the

Microplastic pollution in Himalayan lakes: assessment, risks, and sustainable remediation strategies

• Sameeksha Rawat,
• S. M. Tauseef and
• Madhuben Sharma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2144–2167, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.148

• other sensitive aquatic ecosystems. The review describes existing remediation technologies, categorizing these into physical, chemical, and biological interventions, and takes into account emerging sustainable approaches, including biofilm-mediated degradation and nanotechnology-based solutions. The

• pollution; nanotechnology; remediation; Review 1 Introduction The Himalayan lakes, often known as the “Water Towers of Asia,” serve an important role in biodiversity conservation, downstream hydraulic management, and supplying freshwater supplies to millions of people. Sau et al. explain that Pangong

• permanently removed without causing secondary pollution [72]. 5.3.2 Nanotechnology for degradation. Nanotechnology offers a novel method for the accurate and effective breakdown of MPs. Under UV light, nanomaterials such as ZnO and TiO2 work as photocatalysts to break down MPs into CO2 and water, which are

Quality by design optimization of microemulsions for topical delivery of Passiflora setacea seed oil

• Daniel T. Pereira,
• Douglas Dourado,
• Danielle T. Freire,
• Dayanne L. Porto,
• Cícero F. S. Aragão,
• Myla L. de Souza,
• Guilherme R. S. de Araujo,
• Ana Maria Costa,
• Wógenes N. Oliveira,
• Anne Sapin-Minet,
• Éverton N. Alencar and
• Eryvaldo Sócrates T. Egito

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2116–2131, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.146

• assays demonstrated high cell viability for ME at concentrations below 2 mg/mL in RAW 264.7 macrophages and 0.5 mg/mL in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Overall, this work presents a promising nanotechnology-based topical delivery platform for P. setacea seed oil, employing quality by design

• principles to ensure formulation performance, stability, and skin cell compatibility. Keywords: design of experiments (DoE); microemulsions; nanotechnology; natural products; passion fruit; quality by design; skin delivery; Introduction Species of the Passiflora genus are known for their rich composition

• address these challenges, nanotechnology-based delivery systems, particularly microemulsions (MEs), offer a promising solution. Microemulsions are thermodynamically stable, isotropic mixtures typically composed of oil, water, surfactants, and co-surfactants [6]. Their spontaneous formation, high

Rapid synthesis of highly monodisperse AgSbS₂ nanocrystals: unveiling multifaceted activities in cancer therapy, antibacterial strategies, and antioxidant defense

• Funda Ulusu,
• Adem Sarilmaz,
• Yakup Ulusu,
• Faruk Ozel and
• Mahmut Kus

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2105–2115, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.145

• therapeutic approaches [2]. Currently, the assessment of nanotechnology’s impact on the health of both humans and animals, along with its potential in therapy, has become an imperative scientific consideration. Nanotechnology, which is multidisciplinary, is the synthesis of materials and particles with

• biological activity (e.g., antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer) of nanomaterials has emerged as a crucial area of investigation in the field of nanoscience and nanotechnology. In many studies, chemically or biologically synthesized nanoparticles have a wide range of pharmacological activity ranging

Toward clinical translation of carbon nanomaterials in anticancer drug delivery: the need for standardisation

• Michał Bartkowski,
• Francesco Calzaferri and
• Silvia Giordani

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2092–2104, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.144

• standardisation, and interdisciplinary collaboration. An overview of key production challenges is provided in Table 1. The lack of standardised methods for the synthesis and characterisation of CNMs is a major challenge in the field of nanotechnology. CNMs, such as carbon nanotubes and graphene, have unique

• . This was highly successful, and the EU established a common understanding and regulatory framework for the safe use of nanotechnology in various industries. Presently, a major challenge facing CNPs, and nanomaterials overall, is the need to refine and standardise their classification and nomenclature

Laser ablation in liquids for shape-tailored synthesis of nanomaterials: status and challenges

• Natalie Tarasenka

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1963–1997, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.137

• Natalie Tarasenka Department of Design, Manufacturing and Engineering Management, University of Strathclyde, 75 Montrose st., G1 1XQ, Glasgow, UK 10.3762/bjnano.16.137 Abstract Shape-and size-controlled synthesis of nanomaterials has been a long-term aim and challenge of modern nanotechnology

Quantum circuits with SINIS structures

• Mikhail Tarasov,
• Mikhail Fominskii,
• Aleksandra Gunbina,
• Artem Krasilnikov,
• Maria Mansfeld,
• Dmitrii Kukushkin,
• Andrei Maruhno,
• Valeria Ievleva,
• Mikhail Strelkov,
• Daniil Zhogov,
• Konstantin Arutyunov,
• Vyacheslav Vdovin,
• Vladislav Stolyarov and
• Valerian Edelman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1931–1941, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.134

• W·Hz−1/2. The receiver in a 3He cryostat with an optical window was mounted at the Nasmyth focus of the BTA and tested at a temperature of 260 mK with a IMPATT diode radiation source. Keywords: Big Telescope Alt-azimuthal; electron coolers; microwave detectors; micro- and nanotechnology; NIS tunnel

Targeting the vector of arboviruses Aedes aegypti with nanoemulsions based on essential oils: a review with focus on larvicidal and repellent properties

• Laryssa Ferreira do Nascimento Silva,
• Douglas Dourado,
• Thayse Silva Medeiros,
• Mariana Alice Gonzaga Gabú,
• Maria Cecilia Queiroga dos Santos,
• Daiane Rodrigues dos Santos,
• Mylena Lemos dos Santos,
• Gabriel Bezerra Faierstein,
• Rosângela Maria Rodrigues Barbosa and
• Fabio Rocha Formiga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1894–1913, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.132

• nanoemulsions are discussed. In addition, this review highlights challenges and perspectives on pharmaceutical nanotechnology towards nanoemulsions as safe, effective, and eco-friendly tools for controlling Ae. Aegypti. Keywords: Aedes aegypti; arboviruses; mosquito vector; nanoemulsion; nanotechnology

• , pharmaceutical nanotechnology strategies such as nanoemulsions have been used as tools for vector control [79]. Numerous studies have shown that nanoemulsions can increase the solubility and prolong the larvicidal and/or repellent activity of essential oils, making them a promising solution to improve the

• efficacy of herbal products for mosquito control [80][81]. Nanoemulsions: Concepts and applications in larvicides and repellents Pharmaceutical nanotechnology offers innovative solutions for the delivery and targeting of molecules for therapeutic, prophylactic, or diagnostic purposes [82]. In 1995, the

On the road to sustainability – application of metallic nanoparticles obtained by green synthesis in dentistry: a scoping review

• Lorena Pinheiro Vasconcelos Silva,
• Joice Catiane Soares Martins,
• Israel Luís Carvalho Diniz,
• Júlio Abreu Miranda,
• Danilo Rodrigues de Souza,
• Éverton do Nascimento Alencar,
• Moan Jéfter Fernandes Costa and
• Pedro Henrique Sette-de-Souza

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1851–1862, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.128

• , merging technological advancement with ecological responsibility. Future work should prioritize clinical trials, long-term safety evaluations, and standardized protocols to fully realize their therapeutic benefits. Keywords: dentistry; green chemistry technology; metal nanoparticles; nanotechnology

• ; sustainable development; Introduction Nanotechnology is an interdisciplinary field of science that involves the manipulation of materials at the nanoscale, typically ranging from 1 to 100 nm in inorganic nanomaterials, to generate structures with unique physicochemical properties [1][2][3]. Among the most

• in health-related nanotechnology [8][10]. It is considered a promising approach that integrates technological innovation, biological safety, and environmental responsibility [8][10][16]. An interesting example are silver nanoparticles, particularly those synthesized via green methods, which have

Phytol-loaded soybean oil nanoemulsion as a promising alternative against Leishmania amazonensis

• Victória Louise Pinto Freire,
• Mariana Farias Alves-Silva,
• Johny W. de Freitas Oliveira,
• Matheus de Freitas Fernandes-Pedrosa,
• Alianda Maira Cornélio,
• Marcelo de Souza-Silva,
• Thayse Silva Medeiros and
• Arnóbio Antônio da Silva Junior

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1826–1836, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.126

• attracted attention due to their broad biological activities. To increase their solubility, stability, and cell delivery, nanotechnology-based systems, such as nanoemulsions (NEs), represent a promising approach. In this study, soybean oil nanoemulsions loaded with phytol (PHYT-NE) were developed using the

• pharmaceutical application by reducing bioavailability [18]. To overcome these limitations, the incorporation of phytol into nanostructured delivery systems, has been proposed to improve its solubility, stability, and intracellular delivery efficiency [19]. Nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems that

Electrical, photocatalytic, and sensory properties of graphene oxide and polyimide implanted with low- and medium-energy silver ions

• Josef Novák,
• Eva Štěpanovská,
• Petr Malinský,
• Vlastimil Mazánek,
• Jan Luxa,
• Ulrich Kentsch and
• Zdeněk Sofer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1794–1811, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.123

• locations. The elemental concentration was analyzed using the SIMNRA code [19]. The electronic structure and chemical composition of the surface layers were analyzed by XPS, with an Omicron Nanotechnology ESCAProbeP spectrometer. The X-ray monochromatic source at 1486.7 eV was used and XPS spectra were

Exploring the potential of polymers: advancements in oral nanocarrier technology

• Rousilândia de Araujo Silva,
• Igor Eduardo Silva Arruda,
• Luise Lopes Chaves,
• Mônica Felts de La Roca Soares and
• Jose Lamartine Soares Sobrinho

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1751–1793, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.122

• , and maintaining homeostasis within the GIT. The diverse cells of the intestinal epithelium can be explored as therapeutic targets for oral absorption, given the significant roles they play in the epithelial barrier [9]. Nanotechnology is a field that focuses on the study and production of nanometric

• particles. Materials reduced to this scale exhibit alterations in their physicochemical properties, enhancing their interactions with molecular and cellular processes. Consequently, nanotechnology has diverse pharmaceutical applications, as the nanoencapsulation of drugs improves solubility and

• biodistribution while preventing undesirable interactions and degradation before reaching target tissues and cells [10]. Moreover, by overcoming the biological and chemical barriers of the body, nanotechnology increases the efficiency and effectiveness of therapeutic and diagnostic regimens, offering less

Advances of aptamers in esophageal cancer diagnosis, treatment and drug delivery

• Yang Fei,
• Hui Xu,
• Chunwei Zhang,
• Jingjing Wang and
• Yong Jin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1734–1750, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.121

• to improve the penetration and accumulation of drugs in the lesion, providing more possibilities for the treatment strategy of EC. In addition, aptamer-based biosensors offer flexibility in design, combined with nanotechnology to achieve outstanding sensitivity [41]. Detection of EC-related

• the same antitumor activity as free Dox in vivo. In order to further enhance the antitumor effect, the use of nanotechnology to improve the stability of SYL-6 is key. It is worth noting that the SYL-6 aptamer also yields strong fluorescence signals on colon cancer and other tissues, indicating that

• the cell-penetrating peptide iRGD and the aptamer EpCAM, and thus demonstrated optimal antitumor effects in vitro and in vivo experiments. Three of the articles cited in this review utilized nanotechnology to form ApDCs. Among them, the parameters to be improved include optimizing the formulation

Multifunctional anionic nanoemulsion with linseed oil and lecithin: a preliminary approach for dry eye disease

• Niédja Fittipaldi Vasconcelos,
• Almerinda Agrelli,
• Rayane Cristine Santos da Silva,
• Carina Lucena Mendes-Marques,
• Isabel Renata de Souza Arruda,
• Priscilla Stela Santana de Oliveira,
• Mércia Liane de Oliveira and
• Giovanna Machado

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1711–1733, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.120

Prospects of nanotechnology and natural products for cancer and immunotherapy

• Jan Filipe Andrade Santos,
• Marcela Bernardes Brasileiro,
• Pamela Danielle Cavalcante Barreto,
• Ligiane Aranha Rocha and
• José Adão Carvalho Nascimento Júnior

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1644–1667, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.116

• Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil 10.3762/bjnano.16.116 Abstract Nanotechnology is revolutionizing pharmaceutical industry and drug development by providing significant advantages in controlling drug release

• , enhancing stability, and reducing adverse effects. Concurrently, natural products are being extensively researched for their anticancer and immunomodulatory properties. This patent review aims to analyze publications that integrate nanotechnology with natural products to develop cancer treatments and

• immunotherapies. In this context, 17 patents were identified through the free online databases of the European Patent Office (EPO) and the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO). The review discusses various types of nanotechnology, including nanoparticles, nanocarriers, and nanocapsules, as well as

Nanotechnology-based approaches for the removal of microplastics from wastewater: a comprehensive review

• Nayanathara O Sanjeev,
• Manjunath Singanodi Vallabha and
• Rebekah Rubidha Lisha Rabi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1607–1632, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.114

• effectively removing MPs, especially those in the nanosize range. This review presents a detail analysis of the sources, pathways, detection methods, and health impact of MPs, while emphasizing the emerging role of nanotechnology in their remediation. Nanomaterials, including nanoadsorbents, photocatalysts

• for MP monitoring. Despite high laboratory scale efficiencies, there are several challenges such as material scalability, environmental safety, regulatory frameworks, and real water applicability. This study proposes future directions for sustainable nanotechnology deployment, including green

• ; nanotechnology; nanoadsorbents; nano robots; photocatalysis; Introduction Plastic pollution has become a crucial environmental concern recently. It was reported that from 1950 to 2015, global plastic production increased from 5 to over 300 megatons, with approximately 60 to 99 megatons turning into waste. It is

Modeling magnetic properties of cobalt nanofilms used as a component of spin hybrid superconductor–ferromagnetic structures

• Aleksey Fedotov,
• Olesya Severyukhina,
• Anastasia Salomatina and
• Anatolie Sidorenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1557–1566, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.110

• Aleksey Fedotov Olesya Severyukhina Anastasia Salomatina Anatolie Sidorenko Modeling Structures and Functional Materials Group, Institute of Mechanics, Udmurt Federal Research Center, Ural Division, Russian Academy of Sciences, Baramzinoy 34, Izhevsk 426067, Russia Nanotechnology and Microsystems

Nanomaterials for biomedical applications

• Iqra Zainab,
• Zohra Naseem,
• Syeda Rubab Batool,
• Filippo Pierini,
• Seda Kizilel and
• Muhammad Anwaar Nazeer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1499–1503, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.105

• , Istanbul, Turkey 10.3762/bjnano.16.105 Keywords: biomedical applications; drug delivery; nanocarriers; nanomaterials; nanomedicine; nanoparticles; polymeric nanoparticles; tissue regeneration; Medicine has rapidly advanced over the last few decades, and nanotechnology has played a significant role in

• strength, more effective functioning, and biological compatibility [7]. Nanomaterials play a leading role in drug delivery and gene transportation. Older methods for drug delivery usually do work well, miss their intended targets, and cause unwanted side effects. Nanotechnology helps with this challenge by

• of these advantages, these technologies will become increasingly prevalent in clinical practices [15]. Besides improving treatments, nanotechnology has also advanced the process of monitoring and diagnosing diseases. Being diagnosed early and accurately significantly helps patients with serious

Laser processing in liquids: insights into nanocolloid generation and thin film integration for energy, photonic, and sensing applications

• Akshana Parameswaran Sreekala,
• Pooja Raveendran Nair,
• Jithin Kundalam Kadavath,
• Bindu Krishnan,
• David Avellaneda Avellaneda,
• M. R. Anantharaman and
• Sadasivan Shaji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1428–1498, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.104

• Centro de Innovación, Investigación y desarrollo en Ingeniería y Tecnología (CIIDIT), Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León., PIIT Monterrey, Apodaca, Nuevo León, 66629, México School of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam 686560, Kerala, India 10.3762/bjnano.16.104 Abstract