Probing internal continua and atomic ultrafast charge transfer within size-controlled nanoparticles by post-collision interaction in core-hole clock spectroscopy

• Johannes Lütgert,
• Erika Giangrisostomi,
• Nomi L. A. N. Sorgenfrei and
• Alexander Föhlisch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 505–514, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.33

• -performance devices necessitates an understanding and control of both collective properties and characteristics that are highly sensitive to local atomic changes. Our approach allows for the observation and measurement of both types of effects within a single sample under identical conditions, thereby

Upcycling agroindustrial waste into graphene oxide supports for gold nanoparticles: toward sustainable nanomaterials

• Juan Marcos Castro-Tapia,
• Selene Acosta,
• Hiram Joazet Ojeda-Galván,
• Elsie Evelyn Araujo-Palomo,
• Edgar Giovanni Villabona-Leal and
• Mildred Quintana

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 489–504, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.32

• coffee grounds; the latter are rich in carbon-containing biomolecules such as cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, and phenolic compounds, making them ideal as carbonaceous precursors [27][28]. Given that GO is frequently hybridized with other materials to enhance its performance in several applications, it

• , and high surface area, which significantly boost performance in catalysis, sensing, and energy-related applications [30][31][32][33]. Additionally, the deposition of AuNPs onto GO is a practical approach to its surface reactivity, directly linking chemical functionality to nucleation and growth

• provides clearer insight into how precursor composition and synthesis pathway govern oxygen functionality, structural disorder, and graphitic domain organization in biomass-derived GO materials. To evaluate the functional performance of the Agro-GO samples, they were employed as platforms for the in situ

Defects and defect-mediated engineering of two-dimensional materials: challenges and open questions

• Arkady V. Krasheninnikov,
• Matthias Batzill,
• Anouar-Akacha Delenda,
• Marija Drndić,
• Chris Ewels,
• Katharina J. Franke,
• Mahdi Ghorbani-Asl,
• Alexander Holleitner,
• Ado Jorio,
• Ute Kaiser,
• Daria Kieczka,
• Hannu-Pekka Komsa,
• Jani Kotakoski,
• Manuel Längle,
• David Lamprecht,
• Yun Liu,
• Steven G. Louie,
• Janina Maultzsch,
• Thomas Michely,
• Katherine Milton,
• Anna Niggas,
• Hanako Okuno,
• Joshua A. Robinson,
• Marika Schleberger,
• Bruno Schuler,
• Alexander Shluger,
• Kazu Suenaga,
• Kristian S. Thygesen,
• Richard A. Wilhelm,
• E. Harriet Åhlgren and
• Carla Bittencourt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 454–488, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.31

• , is already formed and positioned during growth, with at least equal performance. Preconditions for making use of the MTBs in FETs are the defined spatial positioning of the MTBs together with their inherent uniformity and perfection. The three examples highlight that we are indeed about to reach

• , promise to further enhance defect characterization and accelerate the development of high-performance materials for various applications. The fundamental principle of XPS lies in its ability to probe the binding energies of core electrons, which are influenced by the local electronic environment

Nanocarrier-integrated multilayer films produced by 3D printing for improved skin adhesion and curcumin photostability

• Thayse Viana de Oliveira,
• Ana Paula Farias Leão,
• Júlia Leão,
• Cesar Liberato Petzhold and
• Ruy Carlos Ruver Beck

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 440–453, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.30

• the initial concentration of the nanocapsule suspension, V1 is the volume of the nanocapsule suspension that was used, and V2 is the final volume of the sample. Curcumin content and encapsulation efficiency The curcumin content was assayed by high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet

• hydrogel network. In contrast, for FC-NC, the modified thermal event can be mainly attributed to the confinement of curcumin within the nanocarriers, which restricts molecular mobility and enhances the physical stability of the system. These structural differences are relevant to the performance of the

• nanocarrier incorporation alone, is the primary determinant of enhanced photostability. A limitation of this study is the absence of in vitro release kinetics and skin permeation data, which are essential to fully characterise the biopharmaceutical performance of the films. These experiments were not required

First-principles study on elastic properties of Cu, (Cu_1−x,Ni_x)₃Sn and interfacial mechanical properties of (Cu_1−x,Ni_x)₃Sn/Cu in the lead-free solder joint

• Guomin Hua

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 428–439, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.29

• thermodynamic mechanisms and decrease the reliability of the lead-free solder joints. The results presented in this study will not only unveil the effects of Ni alloying on the interfacial properties of lead-free solder joints, but also will provide a guidance for high-performance lead-free solder design by

Nanoinformatics: spanning scales, systems and solutions

• Iseult Lynch,
• Diego S. T. Martinez,
• Kunal Roy and
• Georgia Melagraki

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 423–427, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.28

• , preferred orientations, and relative abundance of the specified molecules on the specified material surfaces giving an insight into the mechanisms of bio–nano interaction [4]. Varsou et al. demonstrated a novel approach to evaluate the performance of different models for the same endpoint (zeta potential of

• -actionable formats. Le Piane et al. explored the commonalities among advanced digital technologies, such as high-performance computing, AI/ML and data management workflows. Using a digital, data-centric methodology, the proposed approach to integrating methodologies utilises structured information management

Biomimetic nanoparticles in cancer photodynamic therapy: a review of targeted delivery systems and therapeutic outcomes

• Valentina I. Gorbacheva,
• Alexey S. Grabovoy,
• Polina S. Marukhina,
• Anastasiia O. Syrocheva and
• Ekaterina P. Kolesova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 396–422, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.27

• have been explored as sources for biomimetic membranes to coat nanoparticles such that inherent biological functions and properties of specific cells could be exploited to enhance the performance and versatility of BNPs. According to some authors, biomimetic systems comprising proteins from cells to

• cell membranes, such as immune evasion, prolonged circulation, and specific targeting, BNPs can be further enhanced through surface modifications to improve their therapeutic performance. These modifications enable BNPs to address complex challenges in drug delivery, including targeted transport

Interconnection morphology effects on the radio frequency response of carbon nanotube sponges

• Manuela Scarselli,
• Javad Rezvani,
• Zeno Zuccari,
• Mattia Scagliotti and
• Simone Tocci

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 343–351, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.23

• , also an actual performance gain. The antenna built from CNSs shows an enhanced response gain compared with that of the MWCNT film, with both antennas having a maximum positioned around 4.8 GHz. After identifying the best CNT-based sample, the experiment focused on improving the CNS antenna’s response

• production of antennas working in the RF range and compared them to a film of MWCNTs to determine whether CNT sponges offer, in addition to practical advantages over CNT films, also an actual performance gain. We also found that the response in the RF range can be significantly improved after a mild

• demonstrates that CNSs offer practical advantages over CNT films since they operate as a self-standing material without the need of a substrate support. In particular, CNSs can absorb RF signals and offer an effective gain in terms of performance compared to a similar MWCNT film grown on a substrate. The

Advancing nanolithography: a comprehensive review of materials for local anodic oxidation with AFM

• Matteo Lorenzoni

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 275–291, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.19

• minimum feature size. Carbon nanotube (CNT)-functionalized AFM tips have been explored for LAO [49][60][61] because their high aspect ratio and good conductivity can, in principle, enable sharper and more controlled oxidation. However, their practical performance is limited by mechanical fragility and

• charges in the oxide layer, which can affect electrical performance. Yet, SiC’s superior durability and unique properties make it a promising material for applications in harsh and demanding environments, though it is less versatile than newer 2D materials or heterostructures. Recently Ovenden et al

• , which often requires high voltages that can compromise stability. The study revealed that thinner titanium oxide layers enhance resistive switching performance by providing higher resistance ratios and more uniform switching behavior. Furthermore, compositional analysis showed that TiO2 dominates the

Durable antimicrobial activity of fabrics functionalized with zeolite ion-exchanged nanomaterials against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli

• Perla Sánchez-López,
• Kendra Ramirez Acosta,
• Sergio Fuentes Moyado,
• Ruben Dario Cadena-Nava and
• Elena Smolentseva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 262–274, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.18

• bacteria. Unlike our previous work, which focused on the antimicrobial performance of Ag- and Zn-loaded Y zeolite, the present study applies those nanomaterials, including Cu, to cotton fabrics via the pad–dry–cure method and evaluates the durability of their antimicrobial activity after fife washing

• as a scalable and effective approach for developing antimicrobial textiles with long-lasting performance. Such materials are promising candidates for use in healthcare, protective clothing, hygiene products, and other applications where microbial contamination poses a risk. Experimental Materials

Gold nanoparticle-decorated reduced graphene oxide as a highly effective catalyst for the selective α,β-dehydrogenation of N-alkyl-4-piperidones

• Brenda Flore Kenyim,
• Mihir Tzalis,
• Marilyn Kaul,
• Robert Oestreich,
• Aysenur Limon,
• Chancellin Pecheu Nkepdep and
• Christoph Janiak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 218–238, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.15

• carbon (AC), and carbon black (CB), to investigate the influence of the carbon support on the catalyst performance. As stabilizing agents for the AuNPs, citrate (Cit) and the polyoxometallate [SiW9O34]10− (SiW9) were used. Among the tested catalysts, the rGO-supported ones, Au-Cit/rGO, Au-SiW9/rGO, and

• Au@SiW9/rGO exhibited the highest catalytic activity for the selective oxidation reaction despite containing the lowest gold loading. These findings highlight the exceptional performance of rGO as a support for AuNP catalysts and provide valuable insights for designing efficient Au-based systems for

• -supported gold nanoparticles (Au/C) have been extensively studied for their remarkable selective catalytic performance in low-temperature oxidation reactions, including CO oxidation, alcohol oxidation, hydrocarbon oxidation, amino and thiol oxidation, and glucose oxidation [20]. However, despite their

Micro- and nanoscale effects in biological and bioinspired materials and surfaces

• Thies H. Büscher,
• Rhainer Guillermo Ferreira,
• Manuela Rebora and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 214–217, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.14

• hierarchical structures aids in understanding the principles of biological design and inspires advances in biomimetics, mechanical engineering, and materials science. Biomimetics seeks to obtain knowledge on how these structural and material property adaptations affect surface performance and to draw

• coloration [13]. Piersanti et al. [12] described the functional morphology and material composition of the cleaning devices of a damselfly species and experimentally investigated their performance. This species bears specialized grooming structures on the tibiae of its forelegs with dedicated micro- and

Time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry imaging of contaminant species in chemical vapour deposited graphene on copper

• Barry Brennan,
• Vlad-Petru Veigang-Radulescu,
• Philipp Braeuninger-Weimer,
• Stephan Hofmann and
• Andrew J. Pollard

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 200–213, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.13

• three samples over the depth shown here, and to greater depth (>50 nm). Phosphorous is a common additive to copper metals during the smelting process, to aid removal of oxygen and improve the copper material performance, in terms of strength, ductility, and corrosion resistance, although there can be a

Structure-dependent thermochromism of PAZO thin films: theory and experiment

• Georgi Mateev,
• Dean Dimov,
• Nataliya Berberova-Buhova,
• Nikoleta Kircheva,
• Todor Dudev,
• Ludmila Nikolova,
• Elena Stoykova,
• Keehoon Hong,
• Dimana Nazarova,
• Silvia Angelova and
• Lian Nedelchev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 186–199, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.12

• 1200–4000 nm on a glass substrate. Thicker films were prepared because many potential applications – such as the inscription of polarization-selective holographic optical elements – require greater film thickness for optimal performance. The samples were heated in an oven and the measurement of ∆n

• thermal molecular motion of polymer chains in thin films is essential for tailoring the properties and enhancing the performance of polymer-based devices. By precisely controlling these factors, researchers can fine-tune the structure and dynamics of the film to achieve specific characteristics suited for

Safe and sustainable by design with ML/AI: A transformative approach to advancing nanotechnology

• Georgia Melagraki

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 176–185, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.11

• enabled targeted therapies for cancer, minimizing side effects while enhancing therapeutic efficacy [1][2]. In the energy sector, nanostructured materials have enhanced the performance and energy density of batteries and solar cells, providing more sustainable and efficient solutions [3]. Additionally

• has already been designed and introduced to the market. By integrating toxicological, ecological, and exposure considerations upfront, SSbD endeavours to minimize hazards while preserving – or even enhancing – functional performance. In addition to aligning with global regulatory frameworks such as

• computational methods help deliver materials that meet performance demands without compromising human health or the environment. Materials informatics To date, materials informatics has been predominantly focussed on optimizing functionality, largely through materials acceleration platforms (MAPs) that combine

From shield to spear: Charge-reversible nanocarriers in overcoming cancer therapy barriers

• Madhuri Yeduvaka,
• Pooja Mittal,
• Ameer Boyalakuntla,
• Usman Bee Shaik,
• Himanshu Sharma,
• Thakur Gurjeet Singh,
• Siva Nageswara Rao Gajula and
• Lakshmi Vineela Nalla

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 159–175, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.10

• performance in targeted and controlled drug delivery (Table 1). The detailed mechanism of CRNs in response to various environmental stimuli is described in Figure 3. 2.1 pH-responsive charge-reversible nanocarriers When exposed to the acidic cancer microenvironment (pH 6.5–6.8), CRNs undergo a pH-sensitive

• -reversal system (CDs-Pt (IV)@PEG-PAH/DMA) for imaging-guided drug delivery, which enhanced cancer therapeutic effects [85]. 4 Preclinical and clinical insights of charge-reversible nanocarriers Preclinical studies have revealed that CRNs significantly improve antitumour performance by enhancing tumour

Influence of surface characteristics on the in vitro stability and cell uptake of nanoliposomes for brain delivery

• Dushko Shalabalija,
• Ljubica Mihailova,
• Nikola Geskovski,
• Andreas Zimmer,
• Otmar Geiss,
• Sabrina Gioria,
• Diletta Scaccabarozzi and
• Marija Glavas Dodov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 139–158, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.9

• -SY5Y cell lines to predict how formulation properties and the extracellular microenvironment affect the in vivo performance of NLs, and access transport mechanisms as well as internalization in brain tissues. Additionally, transport experiments on a co-culture system (hCMEC/D3/SH-SY5Y) were performed

• (Wyatt Technology Europe GmbH, Dernbach, Germany) and an Agilent 1260 Infinity high-performance liquid chromatograph (Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, USA) equipped with a degasser (G1322A), an isocratic pump (G1310B), an autosampler (G1329B), and a multiple-wavelength detector (MWD, G1365C) set at 230

Capabilities of the 3D-MLSI software tool in superconducting neuron design

• Irina E. Tarasova,
• Nikita S. Shuravin,
• Liubov N. Karelina,
• Fedor A. Razorenov,
• Evgeny N. Zhardetsky,
• Aleksandr S. Ionin,
• Mikhail M. Khapaev and
• Vitaly V. Bol’ginov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 122–138, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.8

• types of superconducting electronics (SCE) circuits. Indeed, taking advantage of the high performance of SCE devices implies their operation in the gigahertz frequency range, in which incorrect circuit operation may be caused by small fluctuations in inductance. Digital and quantum SCE circuits are

• with varying ahb at a fixed ah = 2 μm. Simulations were performed on an Intel Core(TM) i9-13900KF with 128 GB RAM and 24 cores (16 efficiency cores and 8 performance cores). When OpenMP multithreading is used, the computation time depends on the number of threads nthr approximately with inverse square

• and ahb = 0.5 μm was used, which provides a reasonable estimate, as was stated above. Summarizing, 3D-MLSI evaluates two-terminal partial inductances of thin multilayer structures, with the only free parameter being the London penetration depth. A fairly good performance rate is achieved due to the

Development and in vitro evaluation of liposomes and immunoliposomes containing 5-fluorouracil and R-phycoerythrin as a potential phototheranostic system for colorectal cancer

• Raissa Rodrigues Camelo,
• Vivianne Cortez Sombra Vandesmet,
• Octavio Vital Baccallini,
• José de Brito Vieira Neto,
• Thais da Silva Moreira,
• Luzia Kalyne Almeida Moreira Leal,
• Claudia Pessoa,
• Daniel Giuliano Cerri,
• Maria Vitória Lopes Badra Bentley,
• Josimar O. Eloy,
• Ivanildo José da Silva Júnior and
• Raquel Petrilli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 97–121, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.7

• liposome formulations that showed the best performance are described in Table 3. Therefore, the increase in 5-FU encapsulation in liposomes upon adding R-PE was confirmed. 3.2 Development and characterization of immunoliposomes Table 4 presents the physicochemical characterization of immunoliposome

Functional surface engineering for cultural heritage protection: the role of superhydrophobic and superoleophobic coatings – a comprehensive review

• Giuseppe Cesare Lama,
• Marino Lavorgna,
• Letizia Verdolotti,
• Federica Recupido,
• Giovanna Giuliana Buonocore and
• Bharat Bhushan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 63–96, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.6

• material, which could be cut and applied with precision. A control test using a PHB–EL gel (without DFO) confirmed no harmful interaction with the bare steel substrate. Cleaning performance was evaluated for 10, 20, and 30 min of application, and effectiveness was found to increase. Multimodal

• Aires (Argentina) in 1986, the “ICOM Code of Professional Ethics”, was unanimously adopted. It has been amended, revised, and retitled as “ICOM Code of Ethics for Museums” in the subsequent years and sets minimum standards of professional practice and performance for museums and their staff [46]. In

• coatings employed for the preventive conservation of artworks must fulfil a set of essential requirements to ensure both ethical compliance and technical performance. First, the coating must be optically transparent and non-intrusive, ensuring that it does not alter visual appearance, color, gloss, or

Subdigital integumentary microstructure in Cyrtodactylus (Squamata: Gekkota): do those lineages with incipiently expressed toepads exclusively exhibit adhesive setae?

• Philipp Ginal,
• Yannick Ecker,
• Timothy Higham,
• L. Lee Grismer,
• Benjamin Wipfler,
• Dennis Rödder,
• Anthony Russell and
• Jendrian Riedel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 38–56, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.4

• for the above-mentioned seta-bearing species with at least weakly expressed incipient toepads (see [50]). Performance experiments testing adhesive competency (in static clinging and active locomotion) across Cyrtodactylus is thus an important and promising avenue for future research. Similarities

• adhesive performance in geckos and should be further assessed in future studies, although accomplishing this is very challenging [37]. The similarities between the cave-species C. hontreensis and the crown-species might also be explained by the requirement for a high safety factor. Inverted climbing

Reduced graphene oxide paper electrode for lithium-ion cells – towards optimized thermal reduction

• Agata Pawłowska,
• Magdalena Baran,
• Stefan Marynowicz,
• Aleksandra Izabela Banasiak,
• Adrian Racki,
• Adrian Chlanda,
• Tymoteusz Ciuk,
• Marta Wolczko and
• Andrzej Budziak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 24–37, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.3

• carbonaceous base material was chosen due to its high conductivity. The relevance of rGO is not limited to only one electrode; Kiran et al. revealed performance enhancement of both cathode and anode materials for hybrid supercapacitors as a result of rGO application as core structure [11]. A similar approach

• are removed after thermal reduction at 850 °C. The research presented herein extends the scope of the cited article since it concerns the structural, chemical, and physical properties of free-standing rGO thin films (i.e., reduced graphene oxide paper) with the practical purpose of performance

• revealed the influence of thermal treatment parameters on the chemical and physical properties of the obtained materials and, as a result, on their electrochemical performance characteristics. In particular, upon raising the reduction temperature, the character of the functional groups changed, as their

Quantitative estimation of nanoparticle/substrate adhesion by atomic force microscopy

• Aydan Çiçek,
• Markus Kratzer,
• Christian Teichert and
• Christian Mitterer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 1–14, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.1

• , Leoben, Austria 10.3762/bjnano.17.1 Abstract Understanding nanoparticle adhesion to substrates is the key for their stability and performance in many applications, including energy systems, nanofabrication, catalysis, and electronic devices. In this study, we present a methodology for examining adhesion

• order to develop strategies for improved NP functionality and performance, it is necessary to measure and to quantify their adhesion to the corresponding substrates. With the available highly sensitive force sensors, atomic force microscopy (AFM) is well suited for determining the adhesion between

• strength provides a practical framework for characterizing NP/substrate interactions. Such understanding is essential for developing reliable NP coatings, where adhesion directly influences coating stability, uniformity, and functional performance under varying environmental and mechanical stress

Internal 3D temperature mapping in biological systems using ratiometric light-sheet imaging and lipid-coated upconversion nanothermometers

• Dannareli Barron-Ortiz,
• Enric Pérez-Parets,
• Rubén D. Cadena-Nava,
• Emilio J. Gualda,
• Jacob Licea-Rodríguez,
• Juan Hernández-Cordero,
• Pablo Loza-Álvarez and
• Israel Rocha-Mendoza

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2306–2316, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.159

• concentrations. A linear fit of the calibration curve (solid black line) was obtained for both UCNPs@lipids concentrations. The results closely align with Barron-Ortiz et al.’s previously reported calibration curve [40], showing a slope of m = 0.33 °C−1. The resolution performance of the optical thermometer is

• observed at 25 °C, with a decreasing trend as the temperature increased. It is important to note that the relative sensitivity remained above the 0.5%·C−1 threshold, a benchmark for high-performance nanothermometry applications [55]. This confirms previous studies showing that the temperature-dependent

• nematode's digestive tract. Our calibration achieved excellent thermal sensitivity (up to 8.9 × 10−3 °C−1 absolute and 2.8%·°C−1 relative), well above the benchmark for high-performance nanothermometry. While our experiments focused on fixed biological specimens, the 980 nm wavelength excitation and

Terahertz-range on-chip local oscillator based on Josephson junction arrays for superconducting quantum-limited receivers

• Fedor V. Khan,
• Lyudmila V. Filippenko,
• Andrey B. Ermakov,
• Mikhail Yu. Fominsky and
• Valery P. Koshelets

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2296–2305, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.158

• improvement of the oscillator performance. Keywords: Josephson junction arrays; phase-locking; superconducting local oscillator; superconductor integrated receiver; terahertz-range oscillators; Introduction Superconducting heterodyne receivers based on superconductor–insulator–superconductor (SIS) tunnel

• array to theoretical estimates [32][40][41] and investigated how the array performance is affected by the matched load in the form of Klopfenstein tapering, which ends with the section of the microstrip line with the normal top electrode. In this paper we concentrated on the high-frequency properties of

• discrepancy with the calculations at frequencies over 500 GHz (see Figure 6a). We studied the possible reasons for this and found that the performance deterioration at high frequencies is likely caused by the attenuation in the CPW. We performed calculations of the CPW with the same material parameters as the