Serum heat inactivation diminishes ApoE-mediated uptake of D-Lin-MC3-DMA lipid nanoparticles

• Demian van Straten,
• Luuk van de Schepop,
• Rowan Frunt,
• Pieter Vader and
• Raymond M. Schiffelers

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 740–748, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.57

• proteins, forms on its surface. This so-called protein corona significantly affects the physicochemical properties of the nanoparticle, such as size, charge and stability [2][3][4][5]. In turn, the composition of the protein corona is influenced by the physicochemical properties of the pristine

Colloidal few layered graphene–tannic acid preserves the biocompatibility of periodontal ligament cells

• Teissir Ben Ammar,
• Naji Kharouf,
• Dominique Vautier,
• Housseinou Ba,
• Nivedita Sudheer,
• Philippe Lavalle and
• Vincent Ball

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 664–677, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.51

• applications and dentistry. In future work, we will incorporate the FLG–TA composite into various dental biomaterials, such as sealer resins and calcium silicate cements, to improve their mechanical and physicochemical properties. Experimental Reagents and materials Tannic acid (MW = 1701.20 g·mol−1) and

Aprepitant-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles: a novel approach to enhance oral bioavailability

• Mazhar Hussain,
• Muhammad Farooq,
• Muhammad Asad Saeed,
• Muhammad Ijaz,
• Sherjeel Adnan,
• Zeeshan Masood,
• Muhammad Waqas,
• Wafa Ishaq and
• Nabeela Ameer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 652–663, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.50

• size dispersity. Table 1 shows that when the β-CD concentration was reduced, particle size and PDI increased and the zeta potential value changed to more negative values. The results indicate that APT-loaded SLNs effectively redisperse into stable NPs while maintaining their original physicochemical

• properties. The zeta potential values of all formulations remained negative, demonstrating that the electrostatic stability of SLNs was maintained. APT-CD-NP4 (from −18.8 ± 0.94 to −17 ± 0.6 mV) and APT-PX-NP8 (from −20.7 ± 0.71 to −20.0 ± 0.9 mV) showed only slight shifts. The particle size of all

Polyurethane/silk fibroin-based electrospun membranes for wound healing and skin substitute applications

• Iqra Zainab,
• Zohra Naseem,
• Syeda Rubab Batool,
• Muhammad Waqas,
• Ahsan Nazir and
• Muhammad Anwaar Nazeer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 591–612, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.46

• antibacterial properties of PU nanofibrous membranes [162]. PU/gelatin and PU/cobalt nitrate were used to create mixed nanofibers scaffolds used to develop wound dressings [162][163]. It was shown that cobalt nitrate added to the PU wound dressing resulted in improved physicochemical properties, blood

Nanomaterials in targeting amyloid-β oligomers: current advances and future directions for Alzheimer's disease diagnosis and therapy

• Shiwani Randhawa,
• Trilok Chand Saini,
• Manik Bathla,
• Rahul Bhardwaj,
• Rubina Dhiman and
• Amitabha Acharya

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 561–580, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.44

• physicochemical properties, diverse structural forms, and potential applications in combating NDs. The unique characteristics of CNMs, including their hydrophobic surfaces and variable dimensions, enable them to interact effectively with biomolecules, making them valuable tools in biomedical research and

Synthetic-polymer-assisted antisense oligonucleotide delivery: targeted approaches for precision disease treatment

• Ana Cubillo Alvarez,
• Dylan Maguire and
• Ruairí P. Brannigan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 435–463, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.34

• activity of a series of transferrin-conjugated LPNs with varied physicochemical properties, designed to deliver a phosphorothioate ASO targeting ribonucleotide nuclease R1 [114]. Experimental and in vitro studies indicated that optimal biostability and cytocompatibility were achieved with particles bearing

• process of PPI-Mal G4 and PPI-Mal-III G4 dendrimers conjugated with multiple anti-HIV ASOs. Dendriplexes with diverse sizes and morphologies, including 1D rod-like and 3D diamond-shaped structures, were successfully prepared by altering the physicochemical properties of the carriers and the

Engineered PEG–PCL nanoparticles enable sensitive and selective detection of sodium dodecyl sulfate: a qualitative and quantitative analysis

• Soni Prajapati and
• Ranjana Singh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 385–396, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.29

• sulfate group, with sodium as the counter-ion. The amphiphilic structure of SDS, integrating a hydrophobic alkyl chain and a hydrophilic headgroup, confers unique physicochemical properties that are leveraged in various applications. However, the widespread use of SDS in different applications led to the

• . Characterization of PEG–PCL nanoparticles The synthesized PEG–PCL nanoparticles were characterized by their unique physicochemical properties, such as size and surface charge. The average hydrodynamic size, monodispersity, and surface charge of the nanoparticles were measured using the ZetaSizer (Nano ZS, Malvern

• physicochemical properties, such as size, shape, surface charge, and elemental composition using DLS, TEM, SEM, and XPS (Figure 2). The PEG–PCL NPs were characterized using a zetasizer (Nano ZS, Malvern, UK) to comprehensively assess their size, surface charge, monodispersity, and average hydrodynamic size

Graphene oxide–chloroquine conjugate induces DNA damage in A549 lung cancer cells through autophagy modulation

• Braham Dutt Arya,
• Sandeep Mittal,
• Prachi Joshi,
• Alok Kumar Pandey,
• Jaime E. Ramirez-Vick,
• Govind Gupta and
• Surinder P. Singh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 316–332, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.24

• oxidative stress and autophagy modulation [14]. Graphene oxide (GO) due to its unique physicochemical properties has attracted vast scientific attention as an efficient drug delivery carrier and modulator of biological activities, including autophagy, DDR, and intracellular transportation of therapeutics

Fabrication and evaluation of BerNPs regarding the growth and development of Streptococcus mutans

• Tuyen Huu Nguyen,
• Hong Thanh Pham,
• Kieu Kim Thanh Nguyen,
• Loan Hong Ngo,
• Anh Ngoc Tuan Mai,
• Thu Hoang Anh Lam,
• Ngan Thi Kim Phan,
• Dung Tien Pham,
• Duong Thuy Hoang,
• Thuc Dong Nguyen and
• Lien Thi Xuan Truong

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 308–315, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.23

• prepared using a wet-milling method with zirconium balls to enhance bioavailability and expand potential applications. The particle size and physicochemical properties of the BerNPs were analyzed using field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), UV–vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier

Emerging strategies in the sustainable removal of antibiotics using semiconductor-based photocatalysts

• Yunus Ahmed,
• Keya Rani Dutta,
• Parul Akhtar,
• Md. Arif Hossen,
• Md. Jahangir Alam,
• Obaid A. Alharbi,
• Hamad AlMohamadi and
• Abdul Wahab Mohammad

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 264–285, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.21

• aqueous solutions, WO3 is mechanically strong and physiochemically stable, and the synthesis of high-purity WO3 is a good option for the degradation of antibiotics under solar light irradiation [114]. WO3 is a catalyst that responds to visible light and has consistent physicochemical properties because of

Radiosensitizing properties of dual-functionalized carbon nanostructures loaded with temozolomide

• Radmila Milenkovska,
• Nikola Geskovski,
• Dushko Shalabalija,
• Ljubica Mihailova,
• Petre Makreski,
• Dushko Lukarski,
• Igor Stojkovski,
• Maja Simonoska Crcarevska and
• Kristina Mladenovska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 229–251, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.18

• ] in which physicochemical properties of non-covalently PEGylated CNs loaded with TMZ were characterized. Ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy UV–vis absorption spectroscopy turned out to be a useful tool for characterizing functionalization with FA and for confirming the TMZ loading through the

• publications emphasize that various factors may be involved in the induction of CNs’ cytotoxicity, These include physicochemical properties (e.g., diameter, length, size, type, and structure), solubilizing agents (e.g., PEG), modification of CNs (covalent or noncovalent functionalization), surface topology

Nanocarriers and macrophage interaction: from a potential hurdle to an alternative therapeutic strategy

• Naths Grazia Sukubo,
• Paolo Bigini and
• Annalisa Morelli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 97–118, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.10

• affect NP internalization. They actively engulf NCs and accelerate their clearance, acting differentially in a time-dependent manner and altering the fate of nanomaterials [26]. In addition to immune-related barriers, the physicochemical properties of the nanomaterial itself can impair the NCs’ ability

• ]. NCs enhance the delivery of biological therapeutics, and endosomal escape can be controlled by tuning their structure and physicochemical properties. For example, NCs designed with “proton sponge” capability contain materials that adsorb and buffer protons under acidic conditions and, typically, have

• unique physicochemical properties of these mannose-decorated hybrid NPs, such as controlled particle size (≈265 nm) and stability ensured by negative zeta potential, make them highly effective for receptor-mediated endocytosis and intracellular drug delivery [57]. Similarly, hyaluronic acid-coated NCs

Instance maps as an organising concept for complex experimental workflows as demonstrated for (nano)material safety research

• Benjamin Punz,
• Maja Brajnik,
• Joh Dokler,
• Jaleesia D. Amos,
• Litty Johnson,
• Katie Reilly,
• Anastasios G. Papadiamantis,
• Amaia Green Etxabe,
• Lee Walker,
• Diego S. T. Martinez,
• Steffi Friedrichs,
• Klaus M. Weltring,
• Nazende Günday-Türeli,
• Claus Svendsen,
• Christine Ogilvie Hendren,
• Mark R. Wiesner,
• Martin Himly,
• Iseult Lynch and
• Thomas E. Exner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 57–77, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.7

Theoretical study of the electronic and optical properties of a composite formed by the zeolite NaA and a magnetite cluster

• Joel Antúnez-García,
• Roberto Núñez-González,
• Vitalii Petranovskii,
• H’Linh Hmok,
• Armando Reyes-Serrato,
• Fabian N. Murrieta-Rico,
• Mufei Xiao and
• Jonathan Zamora

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 44–53, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.5

• because of the migration and coalescence of nanoparticles on the carrier material [21][22]. Such changes can significantly modify the physicochemical properties of the original nanomaterial. Also, the most interesting physicochemical properties are exhibited by clusters with subnanometer dimensions. For

• properties and performance. Furthermore, apart from not preventing potential exposure to unwanted molecules, the structural characteristics and, hence, the physicochemical properties of the cluster could be altered as a result of its interaction with the support material. Indeed, one viable solution to

Mechanistic insights into endosomal escape by sodium oleate-modified liposomes

• Ebrahim Sadaqa,
• Satrialdi,
• Fransiska Kurniawan and
• Diky Mudhakir

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1667–1685, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.131

• ]. OLA, a monounsaturated fatty acid, possesses unique physicochemical properties that make it a promising candidate for facilitating endosomal escape. Its kinked hydrocarbon chain, featuring a double bond, disrupts lipid bilayers and increases membrane fluidity. Inspired by these properties, we propose

• agents. Upon endocytosis, SO-Lipo encounter the acidic environment of the endosome, triggering the protonation of SO into OLA. This protonation significantly alters the physicochemical properties of the liposomes, notably reducing their negative zeta potential, as previously described in Table 1. The

Biomimetic nanocarriers: integrating natural functions for advanced therapeutic applications

• Hugo Felix Perini,
• Beatriz Sodré Matos,
• Carlo José Freire de Oliveira and
• Marcos Vinicius da Silva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1619–1626, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.127

• or active targeting mechanisms. In the passive strategy, coated nanocarriers can traverse permeable vessels (as observed in tumors, for example) and exhibit tropism toward specific pathological targets based on the size, surface charge, and physicochemical properties of the nanostructure. The active

• drug absorption by the mononuclear phagocytic system due to its hydrophilic barrier [59]. Although PEG-coated nanostructures exhibit promising physicochemical properties, they have shown limitations; studies point to cases of hypersensitivity in PEGylated vaccines [60][61]. Potential adverse immune

Liver-targeting iron oxide nanoparticles and their complexes with plant extracts for biocompatibility

• Shushanik A. Kazaryan,
• Seda A. Oganian,
• Gayane S. Vardanyan,
• Anatolie S. Sidorenko and
• Ashkhen A. Hovhannisyan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1593–1602, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.125

• challenges associated with human health. Nanotechnology offers great opportunities in medicine because of the physicochemical properties at the nanoscale. There are efforts to apply unique quantum phenomena at the nanoscale in the fields of medicine, biomedical sciences, bioengineering, food technology

Facile synthesis of size-tunable L-carnosine-capped silver nanoparticles and their role in metal ion sensing and catalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol

• Akash Kumar,
• Ridhima Chadha,
• Abhishek Das,
• Nandita Maiti and
• Rayavarapu Raja Gopal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1576–1592, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.124

• temperature and the ratio of NaBH4 to NaOH led to the formation of ʟ-car-AgNPs with different colors. The color of the obtained nanoparticles suggested that they were in a controlled aggregated state. Further characterization was performed to analyze the physicochemical properties of the synthesized ʟ

The round-robin approach applied to nanoinformatics: consensus prediction of nanomaterials zeta potential

• Dimitra-Danai Varsou,
• Arkaprava Banerjee,
• Joyita Roy,
• Kunal Roy,
• Giannis Savvas,
• Haralambos Sarimveis,
• Ewelina Wyrzykowska,
• Mateusz Balicki,
• Tomasz Puzyn,
• Georgia Melagraki,
• Iseult Lynch and
• Antreas Afantitis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1536–1553, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.121

• the library of the NMs’ physicochemical properties and increase the amount of available information, the corresponding sphere diameter (the diameter of the sphere with a surface area equal to the area of the NM) was calculated, as well as three molecular descriptors commonly used in nanoinformatics

Integrating high-performance computing, machine learning, data management workflows, and infrastructures for multiscale simulations and nanomaterials technologies

• Fabio Le Piane,
• Mario Vozza,
• Matteo Baldoni and
• Francesco Mercuri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1498–1521, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.119

• decomposing the problem into tasks and subtasks. The definition of tasks and subtasks and the domain knowledge is organized in terms of the structure provided by MAMBO. Let us first consider a simulation workflow for the evaluation of the physicochemical properties of a molecular aggregate made of identical

Polymer lipid hybrid nanoparticles for phytochemical delivery: challenges, progress, and future prospects

• Iqra Rahat,
• Pooja Yadav,
• Aditi Singhal,
• Mohammad Fareed,
• Jaganathan Raja Purushothaman,
• Mohammed Aslam,
• Raju Balaji,
• Sonali Patil-Shinde and
• Md. Rizwanullah

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1473–1497, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.118

• . Overall, encapsulating HCT into the PLHNPs can overcome the challenges related to the physicochemical properties of phytochemicals and improve drug delivery. Psoralen Psoralen is a naturally occurring organic compound found in several plants, including Psoralea corylifolia (Babchi), figs, celery, and

Nanoarchitectonics with cetrimonium bromide on metal nanoparticles for linker-free detection of toxic metal ions and catalytic degradation of 4-nitrophenol

• Akash Kumar and
• Raja Gopal Rayavarapu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1312–1332, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.106

• CTAB micelles without hampering the physicochemical properties of the synthesized nanoparticles. This weakening of CTAB solves the persistent problem of surface modification or the use of linker molecules with CTAB-capped nanoparticles for sensing applications. In addition, the nanorod size might be

Interaction of graphene oxide with tannic acid: computational modeling and toxicity mitigation in C. elegans

• Romana Petry,
• James M. de Almeida,
• Francine Côa,
• Felipe Crasto de Lima,
• Diego Stéfani T. Martinez and
• Adalberto Fazzio

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1297–1311, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.105

• . Results and Discussion Experimental characterization TA is a relevant component of the dissolved organic matter in the environment originating especially from vegetable organic decomposition [17]. Furthermore, because of unique physicochemical properties, TA has been increasingly applied for GO syntheses

Mn-doped ZnO nanopowders prepared by sol–gel and microwave-assisted sol–gel methods and their photocatalytic properties

• Cristina Maria Vlăduț,
• Crina Anastasescu,
• Silviu Preda,
• Oana Catalina Mocioiu,
• Simona Petrescu,
• Jeanina Pandele-Cusu,
• Dana Culita,
• Veronica Bratan,
• Ioan Balint and
• Maria Zaharescu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1283–1296, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.104

• preferred for synthesizing oxide nanostructures because of their advantages, such as uniform mixing of precursors at the molecular level, low operating temperatures, and the ability to control the physicochemical properties of the final products [5][6]. Among various chemical techniques, the sol–gel method

Enhanced catalytic reduction through in situ synthesized gold nanoparticles embedded in glucosamine/alginate nanocomposites

• Chi-Hien Dang,
• Le-Kim-Thuy Nguyen,
• Minh-Trong Tran,
• Van-Dung Le,
• Nguyen Minh Ty,
• T. Ngoc Han Pham,
• Hieu Vu-Quang,
• Tran Thi Kim Chi,
• Tran Thi Huong Giang,
• Nguyen Thi Thanh Tu and
• Thanh-Danh Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1227–1237, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.99

• physicochemical properties and diverse potential chemical applications [1][2][3]. The conventional synthesis of AuNPs typically involves the chemical reduction of Au3+ ions using various reducing agents and stabilizers [4][5]. However, many of these chemicals are highly reactive, posing risks to both the

• temperature, and the reaction time, by using UV–vis spectroscopy. Changes in the physicochemical properties, such as morphology and particle size of AuNPs, were monitored through absorbance and the λmax values of the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) band. Figure 2 illustrates the impact of synthesis conditions