Functionalized gold nanoflowers on carbon screen-printed electrodes: an electrochemical platform for biosensing hemagglutinin protein of influenza A H1N1 virus

• Carlos Enrique Torres-Méndez,
• Sharmilee Nandi,
• Klara Martinovic,
• Patrizia Kühne,
• Yifan Liu,
• Sam Taylor,
• Maria Lysandrou,
• Maria Ines Berrojo Romeyro Mascarenhas,
• Viktoria Langwallner,
• Javier Enrique Sebastián Alonso,
• Ivana Jovanovic,
• Maike Lüftner,
• Georgia-Vasiliki Gkountana,
• David Bern,
• Abdul-Raouf Atif,
• Ehsan Manouchehri Doulabi,
• Gemma Mestres and
• Masood Kamali-Moghaddam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 540–550, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.42

• -ATP The surface of the electrodes was functionalized to introduce an amine group, which was used to covalently bind the mAbs as biorecognition element. The molecule 4-ATP possesses a thiol group capable of self-assembling on the surface of the AuNFs. A method from the literature [57] with some

Nanocarriers and macrophage interaction: from a potential hurdle to an alternative therapeutic strategy

• Naths Grazia Sukubo,
• Paolo Bigini and
• Annalisa Morelli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 97–118, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.10

• -specific receptors. Mannose-decorated NCs, for example, leverage the overexpression of mannose receptors (CD206) on polarized M2 cells. Hatami et al. demonstrated the efficacy of self-assembling Pluronic® F127 polymer and tannic acid cores decorated with mannose in enhancing macrophage uptake [56]. The

Alcohol-perturbed self-assembly of the tobacco mosaic virus coat protein

• Ismael Abu-Baker and
• Amy Szuchmacher Blum

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 355–362, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.30

• ; Introduction Bottom-up fabrication of nanomaterials with precise control over the spatial arrangement of components is of great interest in nanotechnology [1][2]. A promising approach to this issue is the use of templates based on self-assembling biological materials, such as nucleic acids and proteins [3][4

Self-assembly of amino acids toward functional biomaterials

• Huan Ren,
• Lifang Wu,
• Lina Tan,
• Yanni Bao,
• Yuchen Ma,
• Yong Jin and
• Qianli Zou

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1140–1150, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.85

• PS to tumor tissues [76]. Liu et al. [78] designed photosensitizer delivery systems by self-assembling cationic diphenylalanine (H-Phe-Phe-NH2 HCl, CDP) or 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl-ʟ-lysine (Fmoc-ʟ-Lys) with Ce6 into nanoparticles (CCNPs and FCNPs, respectively). Intermolecular hydrophobic and π–π

Nanoporous and nonporous conjugated donor–acceptor polymer semiconductors for photocatalytic hydrogen production

• Zhao-Qi Sheng,
• Yu-Qin Xing,
• Yan Chen,
• Guang Zhang,
• Shi-Yong Liu and
• Long Chen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 607–623, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.50

• ) (Figure 4) exhibiting the highest HER of 42 μmol·h−1 (10 mg). Additionally, Hua et al. [64] constructed two D–A supramolecular architectures with different alkane chains, that is, P35 and P36 with n-butyl and n-octyl chains, respectively (Figure 4), by self-assembling quinacridone and pyridine-2,6

Exploring the fabrication and transfer mechanism of metallic nanostructures on carbon nanomembranes via focused electron beam induced processing

• Christian Preischl,
• Linh Hoang Le,
• Elif Bilgilisoy,
• Armin Gölzhäuser and
• Hubertus Marbach

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 319–329, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.26

• arbitrary substrates or grids to obtain free-standing 2D membranes [25]. The specific choice of the self-assembling molecules determines the thickness, porosity, stiffness, and the mechanical/electrical properties of the resulting CNM [26][27]. The SAMs that are used for the fabrication of CNMs consist of

Advanced hybrid nanomaterials

• Andreas Taubert,
• Fabrice Leroux,
• Pierre Rabu and
• Verónica de Zea Bermudez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2563–2567, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.247

• synthesize clusters, so-called colloidal molecules [21]. Nanospherical satellites were covalently bonded via amide groups within the dimples of valence-endowed patchy nanoparticles, allowing the tuning of their topology and self-assembling ability. Polyion complex micelles formed by complexation between poly

High-tolerance crystalline hydrogels formed from self-assembling cyclic dipeptide

• Yongcai You,
• Ruirui Xing,
• Qianli Zou,
• Feng Shi and
• Xuehai Yan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1894–1901, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.184

Atomic-level characterization and cilostazol affinity of poly(lactic acid) nanoparticles conjugated with differentially charged hydrophilic molecules

• María Francisca Matus,
• Martín Ludueña,
• Cristian Vilos,
• Iván Palomo and
• Marcelo M. Mariscal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1328–1338, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.126

• the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that the reactive force field ReaxFF was used to simulate polymer nanoparticle formation. We have characterized the structure of differentially charged (anionic, neutral and cationic) polymeric DSPE–PEGylated nanoparticles. We detected a self

• -assembling process in which a core–shell structure is observed with PLA in the core and DSPE–PEG in the shell; this model is consistent with the nanoprecipitation synthesis method previously used [34]. Methoxy-terminated NPs showed a slightly larger size compared to charged particles just as it was observed

Review on nanoparticles and nanostructured materials: history, sources, toxicity and regulations

• Jaison Jeevanandam,
• Ahmed Barhoum,
• Yen S. Chan,
• Alain Dufresne and
• Michael K. Danquah

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1050–1074, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.98

Design of polar self-assembling lactic acid derivatives possessing submicrometre helical pitch

• Alexej Bubnov,
• Cyril Vacek,
• Michał Czerwiński,
• Terezia Vojtylová,
• Wiktor Piecek and
• Věra Hamplová

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 333–341, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.33

• electro-optic and dielectric spectroscopy. The materials possess a self-assembling behaviour on the nanoscale level as they form polar smectic liquid crystalline mesophases, namely the orthogonal paraelectric SmA* and the tilted ferroelectric SmC* phases, in a broad temperature range down to room

• and for further utilisation in electro-optic devices based on the deformed helix ferroelectric effect. Keywords: ferroelectric liquid crystal; keto group; self-assembly on the nanoscale; soft ferroelectrics; submicrometre helical pitch length; Introduction The design of advanced self-assembling

• mixtures or LC nanocomposites. Chiral self-assembling materials possessing smectic phases with ferroelectric properties on the nanoscale, specifically the lactic acid derivatives [9][10][11][12][13][14][15], attract considerable attention [16][17][18][19]. There are several considerable advantages of the

Luminescent supramolecular hydrogels from a tripeptide and nitrogen-doped carbon nanodots

• Maria C. Cringoli,
• Slavko Kralj,
• Marina Kurbasic,
• Massimo Urban and
• Silvia Marchesan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1553–1562, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.157

• materials. Peptide self-assembled hydrogels are inherently biocompatible and biodegradable and thus are promising biomaterials for cell culture, regenerative medicine, tissue engineering, and drug delivery applications [22]. The identification of self-assembling peptides that are as short as possible is

• useful approach to introduce additional properties to soft materials. In the case of self-assembling peptides, non-covalent π–π interactions between the nanocarbon and aromatic residues of the peptide offer a convenient means to bring the two components together into a supramolecular system [34]. This

Deposition of exchange-coupled dinickel complexes on gold substrates utilizing ambidentate mercapto-carboxylato ligands

• Martin Börner,
• Laura Blömer,
• Marcus Kischel,
• Peter Richter,
• Georgeta Salvan,
• Dietrich R. T. Zahn,
• Pablo F. Siles,
• Maria E. N. Fuentes,
• Carlos C. B. Bufon,
• Daniel Grimm,
• Oliver G. Schmidt,
• Daniel Breite,
• Bernd Abel and
• Berthold Kersting

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1375–1387, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.139

• alkanethiol monolayers reported in previous work. Conclusion In conclusion, three new mixed ligand complexes bearing ω-mercapto-carboxylato ligands were designed with the aim of facilitating the chemisorption of large magnetic bi-metallic complexes on gold surfaces by self-assembling of monolayers. The

Adsorption characteristics of Er₃N@C₈₀on W(110) and Au(111) studied via scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy

• Sebastian Schimmel,
• Zhixiang Sun,
• Danny Baumann,
• Denis Krylov,
• Nataliya Samoylova,
• Alexey Popov,
• Bernd Büchner and
• Christian Hess

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1127–1134, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.114

• even attempts to induce self-assembling by surface diffusion via annealing (T = 670 K) were not successful. This means, the formation of monolayer islands is inhibited for this system. Apparently, the fullerene–W(110) bond is relatively strong. This is surprising in view of the well-known donation of

Recombinant DNA technology and click chemistry: a powerful combination for generating a hybrid elastin-like-statherin hydrogel to control calcium phosphate mineralization

• Mohamed Hamed Misbah,
• Mercedes Santos,
• Luis Quintanilla,
• Christina Günter,
• Matilde Alonso,
• Andreas Taubert and
• José Carlos Rodríguez-Cabello

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 772–783, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.80

• designed with different polarities. This variability provides access to a multitude of related, but different, amphiphilic multiblock ELRs with pre-programmed self-assembling capabilities. Moreover, if the guest residue X carries amino or carboxyl groups, for example in lysine or glutamic acid, different

• variety of reasons [22]. Among others, their behavior in aqueous media can be adjusted by appropriate design of the amino acid sequence, addition of bioactive domains – e.g., SNA15 – and by the solution composition. For example, temperature changes are an efficient means of self-assembling and

Calculating free energies of organic molecules on insulating substrates

• Julian Gaberle,
• David Z. Gao and
• Alexander L. Shluger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 667–674, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.71

• of attention due to their versatility, functionality, and technological potential. Understanding the behaviour of self-assembling molecules is important for catalysis [1], coatings [2], sensors [3][4] and molecular electronics [5][6][7]. To design and fabricate surface structures relevant for these

Dispersion of single-wall carbon nanotubes with supramolecular Congo red – properties of the complexes and mechanism of the interaction

• Anna Jagusiak,
• Barbara Piekarska,
• Tomasz Pańczyk,
• Małgorzata Jemioła-Rzemińska,
• Elżbieta Bielańska,
• Barbara Stopa,
• Grzegorz Zemanek,
• Janina Rybarska,
• Irena Roterman and
• Leszek Konieczny

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 636–648, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.68

• . The rate of cooling is of big importance in case of supramolecular compounds. Abruptly cooled solutions of molecules that show a high self-assembling capability – like CR – create rather disordered assemblies which may be converted to an ordered and more stable (optimum) form as the temperature is

Novel roles for well-known players: from tobacco mosaic virus pests to enzymatically active assemblies

• Claudia Koch,
• Fabian J. Eber,
• Carlos Azucena,
• Alexander Förste,
• Stefan Walheim,
• Thomas Schimmel,
• Alexander M. Bittner,
• Holger Jeske,
• Hartmut Gliemann,
• Sabine Eiben,
• Fania C. Geiger and
• Christina Wege

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 613–629, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.54

• biochemical conversion. Most suited in this context are robust, self-assembling viruses non-pathogenic for mammals and their bacterial flora such as TMV. Tobacco mosaic virus Historic cornerstones The first plant virus ever described was the Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV; genus: Tobamovirus, family Virgaviridae

• chemical and physical properties, based on the combination of a multitude of synthetic and inorganic compounds with virus assemblies [5][7][68][69][89][90]. Application of TMV-/tobamovirus-based structures In these recent developments, TMV with its rigid, self-assembling nucleoprotein capsid continues to

Chemiresistive/SERS dual sensor based on densely packed gold nanoparticles

• Sanda Boca,
• Cosmin Leordean,
• Simion Astilean and
• Cosmin Farcau

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2498–2503, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.259

• concept of a dual electrical/optical sensor, with both chemiresistive and SERS capabilities. The proposed device is realized by self-assembling 15 nm gold nanoparticles into few micrometers-wide strips across commercially available interdigitated electrodes. The dual-mode operation of the device is

Selective porous gates made from colloidal silica nanoparticles

• Roberto Nisticò,
• Paola Avetta,
• Paola Calza,
• Debora Fabbri,
• Giuliana Magnacca and
• Dominique Scalarone

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2105–2112, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.215

• proved to generate a variety of well-ordered materials by self-assembling processes [31][32][33][34][35]. Here, we describe the synthesis, deposition and physicochemical characterization of silica coatings, obtained by spin-coating deposition of soft-templated silica colloidal nanoparticles onto

• precursor (i.e., tetraethyl orthosilicate, TEOS) and the soft-templating agent (block copolymer), different architectures of the final oxidic material can be achieved [27]. The driving force for self-assembling is the thermodynamic incompatibility of the different blocks in the polymeric chains, which

Light-powered, artificial molecular pumps: a minimalistic approach

• Giulio Ragazzon,
• Massimo Baroncini,
• Serena Silvi,
• Margherita Venturi and
• Alberto Credi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2096–2104, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.214

• require both thermodynamic and kinetic control over the threading and dethreading processes and are the basis of the construction of linear (Figure 1c) and rotary (Figure 1d) molecular motors. Our group recently developed a simple, self-assembling system in which a macrocycle is displaced unidirectionally

Template-controlled mineralization: Determining film granularity and structure by surface functionality patterns

• Nina J. Blumenstein,
• Jonathan Berson,
• Stefan Walheim,
• Petia Atanasova,
• Johannes Baier,
• Joachim Bill and
• Thomas Schimmel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1763–1768, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.180

• controlling the properties of a self-assembling mineral film by means of the functionality and polarity of a substrate template. In the presented case, a zinc oxide film is deposited by chemical bath deposition on a nearly topography-free template structure composed of a pattern of two self-assembled

DNA–melamine hybrid molecules: from self-assembly to nanostructures

• Rina Kumari,
• Shib Shankar Banerjee,
• Anil K. Bhowmick and
• Prolay Das

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1432–1438, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.148

• –organic hybrid; melamine; nanostructures; phosphoramidation; self-assembly; Findings The importance of DNA in the field of nanotechnology stems from the fact that DNA is a macromolecule on the nanoscale with self-assembling properties [1][2]. The molecular recognition through base pairing in DNA makes it

Scalable, high performance, enzymatic cathodes based on nanoimprint lithography

• Dmitry Pankratov,
• Richard Sundberg,
• Javier Sotres,
• Dmitry B. Suyatin,
• Ivan Maximov,
• Sergey Shleev and
• Lars Montelius

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1377–1384, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.142

• -interference lithography. The stamp had undergone an anti-sticking treatment, resulting in a thin monolayer, self-assembling film of fluorinated alkyl phosphoric acid derivatives, as described in [27]. The pattern transfer step included imprinting using a 6" imprinter machine from Obducat Technologies AB (Lund

Exploiting the hierarchical morphology of single-walled and multi-walled carbon nanotube films for highly hydrophobic coatings

• Francesco De Nicola,
• Paola Castrucci,
• Manuela Scarselli,
• Francesca Nanni,
• Ilaria Cacciotti and
• Maurizio De Crescenzi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 353–360, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.34

• surfaces [2][3][5] that mimicking natural surface. In this way these surfaces can be optimized for hydrophobic (lipophilic) and/or hydrophilic (lipophobic) applications. Motivated by this concept, we report here the fabrication of highly hydrophobic coatings of self-assembling SWCNTs on MWCNTs. Since the