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Search for "sensitivity" in Full Text gives 694 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology. Showing first 200.
Thickness dependent oxidation in CrCl3: a scanning X-ray photoemission and Kelvin probe microscopies study
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 749–761, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.58
- be suitable for increasing the sensitivity to a number of defects per unit volume forming at the surface, which can be recorded by the significant photoemission core level binding energy shift [25][26]. The significance of these studies lies in the exploration of novel materials with improved
- thicknesses from above 20 to 40 nm, and blue denotes thicknesses from 40 up to 80 nm. The tentative scale bar is presented in Figure 1a. Similar results, but with higher sensitivity, were obtained for the sample on the ITO substrate. The colors of the scale are given in Figure S1, Supporting Information File
- applying the sensitivity correction factors. Under OSA beam conditions, the stoichiometry of CrCl3 exhibits the nominal value. However, there are significant deviations when measuring with a smaller beam size or for thin specimens exposed to high photon doses for several minutes. This behavior is
Nanostructured materials characterized by scanning photoelectron spectromicroscopy
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 700–710, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.54
- working nanowire device under applied bias is desired. SPEM is an ideal tool for this task, as it provides topographic, chemical, and electronic information at the submicrometer scale with intrinsic surface sensitivity, even under electrical operando conditions [18]. While already conventional XPS can be
- energy and spatial resolution. The first one, which defines the chemical sensitivity of the instrument, is notably higher than what is generally available at spectroscopy stations. The new generations of light sources will dramatically improve the optical transmission of X-rays allowing more photons at
- crowded area around the sample where the sample and optics holders and analyzer nose must be located within a space of a few millimeters. The further displacement of the electron analyzer increases the natural surface sensitivity of XPS; depending on the kinetic energy of the detected photoelectrons, the
High-temperature epitaxial growth of tantalum nitride thin films on MgO: structural evolution and potential for SQUID applications
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 690–699, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.53
- and Discussion The atomic concentration of each element (Ta, N, O, and C) in the TaN thin films was determined as a function of pN2 using XPS (Table 1). Atomic sensitivity factors of 2.5, 0.42, 0.66, and 0.25 were used for Ta 4f, N 1s, O 1s, and C 1s, respectively, during data analysis. XPS
Nanoscale capacitance spectroscopy based on multifrequency electrostatic force microscopy
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 637–651, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.49
- -EFM mode. The frequency-dependent spring constant k(ω) in Equation 12 contains the inverse optical lever sensitivity (InvOLS) of the second harmonic (InvOLS2), the spring constant of the second resonance (k2), and the Q-factor shown in Equation 14. It is important to note that the InvOLS and the
A formulation containing Cymbopogon flexuosus essential oil: improvement of biochemical parameters and oxidative stress in diabetic rats
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 617–636, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.48
- No. 12, 20/09/2013) and the minimum number of animals necessary to achieve the scientific objectives. Induction of diabetes mellitus To induce DM, the animals were fasted for 12 h to improve the sensitivity and diabetogenic action of the drug, with water supplied ad libitum. Experimental DM1 was
Nanomaterials in targeting amyloid-β oligomers: current advances and future directions for Alzheimer's disease diagnosis and therapy
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 561–580, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.44
- biosensors for early diagnosis and improving the sensitivity of AβO detection. In imaging, nanoparticles (NPs) can help to visualize localized protein accumulation, complementing existing diagnostic methods. Materials such as carbon-based NMs (e.g., graphene oxide) and metal NPs (e.g., gold and silver
- ) enhance imaging sensitivity because of their distinct electrical or photoluminescent properties. For treatment, NPs can serve as drug carriers, improving delivery across the BBB and reducing side effects. Their large surface area allows for controlled drug release and targeted therapy, enhancing treatment
- improved associated neurotoxicity [52]. Shifting from imaging to electrochemical approaches, researchers have developed biosensors comprising immobilized thiolated PrPC peptides on a graphene oxide/gold nanoparticle hydrogel electrode. This nanobiosensor displayed high specificity and sensitivity for
Retrieval of B1 phase from high-pressure B2 phase for CdO nanoparticles by electronic excitations in CdxZn1−xO composite thin films
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 551–560, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.43
- film. This observation further supports the presence of the Zn2SiO4 phase in the CZ900_313O thin film, which has not been detected in the XRD pattern due to limitations in detection sensitivity. Thus, X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) has effectively addressed this limitation, providing evidence for
Functionalized gold nanoflowers on carbon screen-printed electrodes: an electrochemical platform for biosensing hemagglutinin protein of influenza A H1N1 virus
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 540–550, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.42
- emergence of future pandemics. Recently, molecular methods capable of detecting viral pathogens have gained more attention because of their inherent high sensitivity and specificity compared to conventional methods. Among these methods, nucleic acid amplification assays such as reverse transcriptase
- polymerase chain reaction and loop‐mediated isothermal amplification assays have shown great sensitivity for the detection of influenza A virus. These techniques target the genetic material of the virus, and meticulous protocols are required to perform the extraction from the samples [5]. Moreover, they
- , and sensitivity [8]. In the last few years, various biosensors for the detection of influenza A H1N1 virus have been developed. Detection of influenza A H1N1 virus can be achieved by targeting one or more relevant biomolecules of the virus. The majority of studies have targeted H1 protein [9][10][11
Synthetic-polymer-assisted antisense oligonucleotide delivery: targeted approaches for precision disease treatment
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 435–463, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.34
Quantification of lead through rod-shaped silver-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles using an electrochemical approach
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 422–434, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.33
- heavy metal lead ions. The prepared lead sensor with ultrahigh sensitivity, based on silver-doped ZnO nanorods (Ag@ZnO NRs), was fabricated and characterized. The morphological, structural, compositional, and optical characteristics of the Ag@ZnO NRs were investigated using a variety of methods after
- sensitivity toward lead. The lead chemical sensor that was developed had a detection limit of 3 ppm with a sensitivity of 16 µA·ppm−1·cm−2. The recorded reaction time of lead sensor was less than two seconds. Keywords: electrochemical methods; chemical sensor; doping; lead; nanoparticles; ZnO nanorods
- sensitivity among all. Results and Discussion X-ray diffraction of as-synthesized Ag@ZnO nanorods The Ag@ZnO NRs were analyzed for their crystal phases by evaluating the X-ray diffraction pattern. Figure 1a displays the diffraction pattern of the Ag@ZnO NRs that were formed. It was observed that this pattern
Size control of nanoparticles synthesized by pulsed laser ablation in liquids using donut-shaped beams
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 407–417, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.31
- the size, requiring a monodisperse or at least monomodal size distribution. As an example, gold NPs with a narrow particle size distribution achieve a higher detection sensitivity in sensing applications [9]. Besides, NP size is critical for biomedical applications, where deviations from the optimum
ReactorAFM/STM – dynamic reactions on surfaces at elevated temperature and atmospheric pressure
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 397–406, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.30
- –Tropsch synthesis (FTS). Challenges while applying a tuning fork as force sensor A drawback of the QTF as a force sensor is that its temperature sensitivity increases with increasing temperatures; in fact, it can even serve as a micro temperature sensor [18]. As a result, temperature fluctuations while
- our AFM/STM scanner incorporates a third-generation QTF in a qPlus configuration with one prong fixed and the other one carrying a metallic tip positioned at the very end [17]. The main reasons for employing this kind of sensor are its very high sensitivity to short-range forces, simultaneous
- parameters f0 = 38.38 ± 0.02 kHz, c = 0.018 ± 0.002 K−2, and T0 = 330 ± 10 K. The slope of the curve at a given temperature indicates the sensor’s sensitivity to temperature fluctuations. Near room temperature, where the slope is 0, it is relatively insensitive to temperature fluctuations, while at
Engineered PEG–PCL nanoparticles enable sensitive and selective detection of sodium dodecyl sulfate: a qualitative and quantitative analysis
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 385–396, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.29
- selectivity and sensitivity for SDS detection, making it a promising analytical tool for rapid and onsite estimation. Keywords: Bradford reagent; environmental monitoring; PEG–PCL nanoparticles; SDS; SDS detection; Introduction Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), or sodium lauryl sulfate, is an anionic surfactant
- technique for quantifying surfactants employs ionic electrodes to measure the unknown concentration of the target substance within 30 minutes. However, this method exhibits reduced sensitivity (280–600 µg/mL) and selectivity, rendering it less than optimal for analyzing surfactants in relatively complex
- matrices [20]. Spectrophotometric techniques offer a straightforward approach and demonstrate a high level of sensitivity, capable of detecting concentrations as low as 0.001 μg/mL [21][22]. The spectrophotometric technique drawbacks encompass reduced specificity and the need for sample dilution to fall
Pulsed laser in liquid grafting of gold nanoparticle–carbon support composites
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 349–361, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.26
- ][23]. Element-specific relative sensitivity factors resulting from photoemission cross sections and analyzer transmission of photoelectrons were used to determine atom percentages [22]. The measured O 1s atom percentages for each component were used to constrain the respective C 1s peak fits. The
- ) using instrument-specific atomic sensitivity factors. X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements were conducted at the Chemical Analysis Lab at the Rochester Institute of Technology using a Bruker D8 ADVANCE diffractometer with Cu Kα radiation (40 kV and 40 mA). The configuration included a 0.6 mm primary
- . Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry measurements were conducted at the University of Rochester Medical Center. A Perkin Elmer NexION 2000 system featuring multielement detection and parts per billion/parts per trillion sensitivity was used. The gold nanoparticle–carbon fiber paper composites were
Enhancing mechanical properties of chitosan/PVA electrospun nanofibers: a comprehensive review
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 286–307, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.22
- , including irregular fluid jet movement, variations in surface tension, and sensitivity to external parameters such as temperature, humidity, and airflow. These factors can disrupt the uniformity of the fiber formation. When the fiber jets are drawn in the direction of the electric field force, the polymer
Emerging strategies in the sustainable removal of antibiotics using semiconductor-based photocatalysts
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 264–285, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.21
- TC, with an efficiency of approximately 96%, which is 1.56 times higher than that of pure TiO2 photocatalysts. Zinc oxide-based materials Zinc oxide (ZnO) is another widely used semiconductor material that exhibits enhanced sensitivity to ultraviolet (UV) light. It possesses a substantial surface
Recent advances in photothermal nanomaterials for ophthalmic applications
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 195–215, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.16
- ophthalmology because of their compatibility with the high transmittance characteristics of ocular tissues, allowing for a more sensitive response to various types of incident light [9][10][11]. This sensitivity facilitates diverse therapeutic effects and offers solutions to complex ophthalmic diseases. In
- diminish contrast sensitivity and potentially contribute to impaired vision quality, adversely affecting the patient’s quality of life and leading to psychological issues [121]. Hyaluronic acid (HA)-coated AuNPs accumulate on human vitreous opacities obtained through vitrectomy [52]. When exposed to
- ), fluorescence imaging (FI), scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (SLO), and fundus photography have significantly changed the diagnosis and monitoring of ocular diseases [174][175][176]. OCT is the most prevalent ophthalmic imaging technique, providing high-resolution and high-sensitivity imaging; however, the test
Modeling and simulation of carbon-nanocomposite-based gas sensors
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 90–96, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.9
- using the nanocomposite materials which in turn enhances the sensitivity of the gas sensors. Keywords: CO gas; COMSOL Multiphysics; gas sensor; surface coverage; SWCNT/PEDOT:PSS; Introduction The field of nanotechnology has brought significant advancements in various scientific and engineering
- effective, often face limitations such as poor sensitivity, slow response times, and high-power consumption. These limitations restrict their widespread use and make the development of more efficient, sensitive, and cost-effective CO gas-sensing solutions necessary. The unique properties of carbon
- ), and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the atmosphere and can be used for industrial safety, security, and defense [2]. Gas sensors consisting of metal oxide possess several disadvantages, such as high-power consumption, sensor stability, and low sensitivity. To reduce the cost of sensors
Advanced atomic force microscopy techniques V
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 54–56, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.6
- characterize SiOx films as thin as 5 nm by the so-called surface-sensitive mode, in contrast to the established contact mode, which provides much less surface sensitivity. A particular strength for the study of materials is the combination of different measurement modes. Rothe et al. extend the
Mechanistic insights into endosomal escape by sodium oleate-modified liposomes
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1667–1685, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.131
- environment, which is representative of endosomal conditions. In contrast, at pH 7.4, the fusion percentage for SO was significantly lower, peaking at only 10% at the highest concentration, highlighting the pH-sensitivity of SO’s fusogenic effect. A similar trend was observed for the positive control, DOPE
Facile synthesis of size-tunable L-carnosine-capped silver nanoparticles and their role in metal ion sensing and catalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1576–1592, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.124
- detection (LODs) of Cd2+, Pb2+, As3+, and Cr3+ were 141.79, 131.33, 215.35, and 245.49 ppb, respectively. These values suggest a competitive sensitivity compared to other nanoparticle-based sensors reported in the literature. Additionally, the catalytic activity of ʟ-car-AgNPs was studied regarding the
Electrochemical nanostructured CuBTC/FeBTC MOF composite sensor for enrofloxacin detection
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1522–1535, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.120
- capacity, and an acceptable efficacy of the electron transfer, Cu3(BTC)2 exhibited a good sensitivity to 2,4-dichlorophenol in the range from 0.04 to 1.00 μM with a limit of detection (LOD) of 9 nM in differential pulse voltammetry measurements. Moreover, the combination of metal oxides and MOFs showed better
- ][47][48][49]. Additionally, the sensitivity of the sensor was calculated to be 56.14 µA/µM. Anti-interference study This study aimed to investigate the influence of organic and inorganic substances on the performance of a sensor by evaluating the changes in the ENR signal when these substances were
Strain-induced bandgap engineering in 2D ψ-graphene materials: a first-principles study
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1440–1452, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.116
- slight reduction in the lattice parameters, was found to be sufficient for a metal-to-semiconductor transition in ψ-graphone (Figure 3). These results indicate the extreme sensitivity of the ψ-graphone crystal structure to mechanical strain (tensile or compressive). As the magnitude of strain increases
- , at a negative mechanical strain of around −14%, a bandgap of 0.2 eV becomes apparent in the band structure of ψ-graphene, changing it from zero-bandgap to a narrow-bandgap semiconductor. These results signify ψ-graphene’s low bandgap sensitivity to mechanical strain. Enhanced sensitivity to
- mechanical strain was observed in ψ-graphone, a zero-bandgap material. We found that the bandgap of ψ-graphone can be opened even under a slight strain of −1% or +1%, highlighting the remarkable sensitivity of ψ-graphone towards mechanical deformation. In contrast, ψ-graphane is a direct-bandgap material
Investigation of Hf/Ti bilayers for the development of transition-edge sensor microcalorimeters
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1353–1361, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.108
- based on a transition-edge sensor (TES) are the most common concept [5]. The developed detectors have an energy resolution of the order of a few electronvolts, which is insufficient for many important applications. At present, the work on increasing the sensitivity of TES-based microcalorimeters is
- ongoing, and the choice of a superconductor material plays an important role here [6][7]. An increase in sensitivity can be achieved by lowering the critical temperature TC below 100 mK. A known solution is two- or multilayer films of various superconductors and normal metals to suppress the transition
- sensitivity of the microcalorimeter. Our Hf films demonstrate superconductivity at half of the thickness of Ir films [12], allowing for the reduction of the detector volume. Moreover, hafnium is inexpensive in comparison with iridium. Another point is that the technology of Hf deposition, developed in our
Nanoarchitectonics with cetrimonium bromide on metal nanoparticles for linker-free detection of toxic metal ions and catalytic degradation of 4-nitrophenol
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1312–1332, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.106
- laborious and requires precious metals such as palladium and platinum as catalysts [20]. Colorimetric detection methods have attracted attention because of their advantages, including simplicity, sensitivity, visualization, and real-time detection, while other methods often require expensive instrumentation
- did not detect any metal ions. A subtle change in capping concentration on AuNR1 and AuNR2 was observed due to their length (Table 1). The change in concentration or size of nanorods ultimately affects the sensitivity towards metal ion detection. The metal selectivity was observed for all metal ions
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