A review of metal-organic frameworks and polymers in mixed matrix membranes for CO₂ capture

• Charlotte Skjold Qvist Christensen,
• Nicholas Hansen,
• Mahboubeh Motadayen,
• Nina Lock,
• Martin Lahn Henriksen and
• Jonathan Quinson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 155–186, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.14

• (1) mechanisms of CO2 sorption in MOFs, (2) considerations related to the integration of MOFs in MMMs, (3) CO2 capture performance of MOF-based MMMs, (4) advancements in MOF-based MMM materials design through machine learning, and (5) considerations for the implementation of MOF-based MMMs in large

TiO₂ immobilized on 2D mordenite: effect of hydrolysis conditions on structural, textural, and optical characteristics of the nanocomposites

• Marina G. Shelyapina,
• Rosario Isidro Yocupicio-Gaxiola,
• Gleb A. Valkovsky and
• Vitalii Petranovskii

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 128–140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.12

• complementary characterization techniques, including XRD, SEM-EDX, TGA, N2 sorption, NMR, XPS and UV–vis spectrometry. It was observed that treatment in 70% ethanol solution preserves the ordered layered structure of 2D mordenite because TEOT hydrolysis is slowed down. This, in turn, leads to higher

• . Nitrogen sorption and thermogravimetric studies Figure 5a,b shows the N2 adsorption/desorption isotherms of the studied nanocomposites. They demonstrate features characteristic of hierarchical porous structures possessing both micro- and mesoporosity. At low pressure, there is a sharp gas absorption

• were probed by SEM-EDX using a Zeiss Merlin microscope equipped with an Oxford Instruments INCAx-act EDX console. N2 sorption isotherms were recorded at 77 K using a QuadraSorb SI instrument. Before analysis, samples were outgassed under vacuum for 6 h at 300 °C. The surface areas were estimated within

Attempts to preserve and visualize protein corona on the surface of biological nanoparticles in blood serum using photomodification

• Julia E. Poletaeva,
• Anastasiya V. Tupitsyna,
• Alina E. Grigor’eva,
• Ilya S. Dovydenko and
• Elena I. Ryabchikova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1654–1666, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.130

• surface composition of bio-NPs, which are quite diverse in blood serum [1][2][26]. The plane of sorption of bio-NPs on the grid may make some contribution to their appearance. We observed a large number of different morphological types of bio-NPs bearing a protein corona, which could be of irregular shape

Measurements of dichroic bow-tie antenna arrays with integrated cold-electron bolometers using YBCO oscillators

• Leonid S. Revin,
• Dmitry A. Pimanov,
• Alexander V. Chiginev,
• Anton V. Blagodatkin,
• Viktor O. Zbrozhek,
• Andrey V. Samartsev,
• Anastasia N. Orlova,
• Dmitry V. Masterov,
• Alexey E. Parafin,
• Victoria Yu. Safonova,
• Anna V. Gordeeva,
• Andrey L. Pankratov,
• Leonid S. Kuzmin,
• Anatolie S. Sidorenko,
• Silvia Masi and
• Paolo de Bernardis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 26–36, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.3

• malfunction. Typical closed-cycle sorption 3He cryostats, suitable for space and balloon-borne experiments, are limited by their working temperature to about 300 mK. For example, the LSPE-SWIPE custom-designed 3He cryostat cools the two focal planes down to 0.3 K. The ground-based BICEP Array cryostat with a

• mixed 4He/3He/4He sorption fridge, working at arbitrary elevation angle, is able to achieve a temperature of 250 mK [2]. The AliCPT cooling system is similar to the one of the BICEP array with the same lowest temperature of 250 mK [7]. So, electron cooling is a pathway to improve sensitivity with

• Microstructures of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IPM RAS), with subsequent measurements of the samples in the sorption 3He refrigerator of our laboratory. The 210/240 GHz receiving system is fabricated using a two-layer technology (two lithography steps). During the first photolithography step, a layer of

Isolation of cubic Si₃P₄ in the form of nanocrystals

• Polina K. Nikiforova,
• Sergei S. Bubenov,
• Vadim B. Platonov,
• Andrey S. Kumskov,
• Nikolay N. Kononov,
• Tatyana A. Kuznetsova and
• Sergey G. Dorofeev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 971–979, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.80

• be induced by a reaction of Si3P4 NPs with the air moisture resulting in a fluctuating ratio of SiO2/Si3P4 in the particles. The possibility of phosphorus sorption on the well-developed surface of NPs further complicates the determination of the ratio. As higher temperatures were found to promote

Non-stoichiometric magnetite as catalyst for the photocatalytic degradation of phenol and 2,6-dibromo-4-methylphenol – a new approach in water treatment

• Joanna Kisała,
• Anna Tomaszewska and
• Przemysław Kolek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1531–1540, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.126

• the adsorption of organic compounds onto the surface of the catalyst. The sorption power depends largely on the properties of the organic molecule in question, as well as on the properties of the catalyst’s surface. The test reactions were carried out in aqueous solution at pH 8 (due to the hydrolytic

LED-light-activated photocatalytic performance of metal-free carbon-modified hexagonal boron nitride towards degradation of methylene blue and phenol

• Nirmalendu S. Mishra and
• Pichiah Saravanan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1380–1392, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.114

• a Shimadzu TOC-L CSH analyser. The surface area and pore characteristics were characterized by a Micromeritics (3FLEX 3500) gas sorption analyser. The surface charge was analysed through a Zeta-Meter 4.0 (Zeta-Meter, Inc, USA). The electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) experiments were performed by

Nanoarchitectonics of the cathode to improve the reversibility of Li–O₂ batteries

• Hien Thi Thu Pham,
• Jonghyeok Yun,
• So Yeun Kim,
• Sang A Han,
• Jung Ho Kim,
• Jong-Won Lee and
• Min-Sik Park

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 689–698, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.61

• insets in the bottom row are the corresponding selected area diffraction (SAED) patterns. XPS spectra of ZnxCoy–C/CNT composites: (a) Co 2p and (b) Zn 2p. (a) Electrical conductivity, (b) N2 sorption isotherms, (c) Dollimore–Heal desorption pore size distributions, and (d) TGA curves of ZnxCoy–C/CNT

A comprehensive review on electrospun nanohybrid membranes for wastewater treatment

• Senuri Kumarage,
• Imalka Munaweera and
• Nilwala Kottegoda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 137–159, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.10

• membrane from PEO and CS with immobilized carbon quantum dots (CQDs) and Fe3O4 for the efficient removal of mercury ions from water [61]. The synergistic effect of nanofibrous polymer material and inorganic nanoparticles resulted in a maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of 148 mg/g. The Hg2+ sorption

• /TMPTMS alone without surfactant. The sorbent membrane was regenerated by simply using 0.1 M HNO3 as a desorbing agent [62]. Electrospun nanohybrids have also been utilized to remove radioactive metals. Talebi et al. investigated the sorption of Th4+ and U6+ ions by an electrospun nanomembrane of a

• Fe3O4 NPs to the composite mat helped in the easy recovery of the mats after application in oil–water separation, while PVDF provided mechanical strength. The membrane exhibited an oil sorption capacity of 35–46 g/g for four types of oils, namely sunflower oil, soybean oil, motor oil, and diesel oil [72

Tin dioxide nanomaterial-based photocatalysts for nitrogen oxide oxidation: a review

• Viet Van Pham,
• Hong-Huy Tran,
• Thao Kim Truong and
• Thi Minh Cao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 96–113, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.7

• in recent years. There are many methods for controlling and removing NOx, such as reducing the burning temperature, reducing the residence time at peak temperature, chemical reduction or oxidation of NOx, removal of nitrogen from combustion fuels, and sorption, both adsorption and absorption [7][8

Nickel nanoparticle-decorated reduced graphene oxide/WO₃ nanocomposite – a promising candidate for gas sensing

• Ilka Simon,
• Alexandr Savitsky,
• Rolf Mülhaupt,
• Vladimir Pankov and
• Christoph Janiak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 343–353, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.28

• forms a p–n heterojunction, which improves the gas sensing abilities significantly [25]. Carbon-based materials are also promising gas sensors, because of their high surface area and high chemical and thermal stability [26][27]. Pristine graphene is a good conductor but rather inactive for gas sorption

Characterization, bio-uptake and toxicity of polymer-coated silver nanoparticles and their interaction with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells

• Sahar Pourhoseini,
• Reilly T. Enos,
• Angela E. Murphy,
• Bo Cai and
• Jamie R. Lead

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 282–294, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.23

• the effect of cell type and the kinetics of cellular uptake or sorption [40]. Human PBMCs primarily consist of monocytes and lymphocytes (mostly T cells). Monocytes are known for their phagocytic properties and phagocytosis is suggested as one of the possible mechanisms for Ag uptake by cells [7]. As

• solution (1000 µg·mL−1, VWR analytical, USA) was used for the calibration curve. To measure and compare the loss of Ag (dissolved or PVP-AgNPs) on the ultrafilter membrane or sorption to the exposure tube, 500 and 1000 µg·L−1 concentrations of Ag (as AgNO3) was prepared in UHPW and RPMI medium. Samples

Bio-imaging with the helium-ion microscope: A review

• Matthias Schmidt,
• James M. Byrne and
• Ilari J. Maasilta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1–23, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.1

Cryogenic low-noise amplifiers for measurements with superconducting detectors

• Ilya L. Novikov,
• Boris I. Ivanov,
• Dmitri V. Ponomarev and
• Aleksey G. Vostretsov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1316–1320, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.115

• applications are based on dry cryostats instead of coolants. The most common modern dry cryostats, including dilution refrigerators and He-7 sorption refrigerators, have a 50 K temperature stage as uppermost cooling stage where the DC cryogenic amplifier can be mounted. In this paper, we show the potential

• cryostat with He-7 sorption unit. The amplifier was fixed to the cooling plate with brass screws to have good thermal anchoring. The signal lines were connected to the cryostat CuBe coaxial cables. The amplifier gain curves measured at three temperatures are presented in Figure 4. The maximum gain of the

Structure and electrochemical performance of electrospun-ordered porous carbon/graphene composite nanofibers

• Yi Wang,
• Yanhua Song,
• Chengwei Ye and
• Lan Xu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1280–1290, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.112

• composite, which was also a consequence of the increase in the amount of graphite in the composite. Nitrogen sorption analysis The pore structure characteristics and specific surface area of CGCNFs were determined by N2 adsorption/desorption isotherms at 77 K. Nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherms and

Gas sorption porosimetry for the evaluation of hard carbons as anodes for Li- and Na-ion batteries

• Yuko Matsukawa,
• Fabian Linsenmann,
• Maximilian A. Plass,
• George Hasegawa,
• Katsuro Hayashi and
• Tim-Patrick Fellinger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1217–1229, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.106

• pores is nontrivial, we herein employ Kr, N2 and CO2 gas sorption porosimetry, as well as H2O vapor sorption porosimetry, to investigate eight hard carbons. Electrochemical lithium as well as sodium storage tests are compared to the obtained apparent surface areas and pore volumes. H2O, and more

• importantly CO2, sorption porosimetry turned out to be the preferred methods to evaluate the likelihood for excessive irreversible capacities. The methods are also useful to select the relatively most promising active materials within chemically similar materials. A quantitative relation of porosity

• descriptors to the obtained capacities remains a scientific challenge. Keywords: alkaline-ion secondary battery; gas sorption porosimetry; hard carbon; irreversible capacity; ultramicroporosity; Introduction Lithium-ion battery (LIB)-based energy storage devices have been gaining high interest in the recent

Nickel nanoparticles supported on a covalent triazine framework as electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution reaction and oxygen reduction reactions

• Secil Öztürk,
• Yu-Xuan Xiao,
• Dennis Dietrich,
• Beatriz Giesen,
• Juri Barthel,
• Jie Ying,
• Xiao-Yu Yang and
• Christoph Janiak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 770–781, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.62

• Information File 1). As expected, both CTF-1-400 and CTF-1-600 (as-synthesized) showed limited long-range order according to powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) measurements (Figure S1, Supporting Information File 1) [32][42]. Nitrogen sorption measurements for CTF-1-400 showed a type-I isotherm with 954 m2/g

• S13, Supporting Information File 1). The EDX point spectrum in Figure S12 for point 1 shows that the intensity of the Ni signal is stronger than the intensity of the O signal. An estimation of the atomic Ni/O ratio indicates that a significant amount of Ni at point 1 is not oxidized. N2 sorption

• ° and 100° 2θ with a scan speed of 2 s/step and 0.057° (2θ) step size. Nitrogen sorption measurements were performed with a Nova 4000e from Quantachrome at 77 K and evaluated with the NovaWin 11.03 software. The materials were first degassed under vacuum (<10−2 mbar) at 120 °C overnight. The Brunauer

Preparation and in vivo evaluation of glyco-gold nanoparticles carrying synthetic mycobacterial hexaarabinofuranoside

• Gennady L. Burygin,
• Polina I. Abronina,
• Nikita M. Podvalnyy,
• Sergey A. Staroverov,
• Leonid O. Kononov and
• Lev A. Dykman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 480–493, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.39

• polystyrene. This solution was replaced with 50 μL of primary antibodies (antisera to glyco-GNPs, or intact serum, or antiserum to LPS of Azospirillum brasilense Sp7 [99] as negative control) diluted 1:100 in PBS containing 0.02% Tween 20 and 0.005% PEG (for prevention of nonspecific antibody sorption). After

An advanced structural characterization of templated meso-macroporous carbon monoliths by small- and wide-angle scattering techniques

• Felix M. Badaczewski,
• Marc O. Loeh,
• Torben Pfaff,
• Dirk Wallacher,
• Daniel Clemens and
• Bernd M. Smarsly

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 310–322, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.23

• mesoporosity of these monolithic carbon materials was studied by the sorption behavior of a relatively large organic molecule (p-xylene) in comparison to typical gas adsorbates (Ar). In addition, to obtain a detailed view on the nanopore space small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) combined with in situ

• adsorbates such as nitrogen, argon, krypton or carbon monoxide. We chose p-xylene as an adsorbate for vapour sorption to address the sorption at room temperature. To obtain a detailed view of the nanopore space, which exhibits micro-, meso- and macropores, but with an upper limit of ca. 100 nm, small-angle

• , thus removing smaller mesopores and leaving behind larger mesopores. Also, the mesopore size distributions of the carbon monoliths at 800 °C are very narrow, which indicates that the SiO2 walls separating the mesopores exhibit a quite uniform thickness. Figure 3 shows Ar sorption isotherms (87 K) and

Synthesis of amorphous and graphitized porous nitrogen-doped carbon spheres as oxygen reduction reaction catalysts

• Maximilian Wassner,
• Markus Eckardt,
• Andreas Reyer,
• Thomas Diemant,
• Michael S. Elsaesser,
• R. Jürgen Behm and
• Nicola Hüsing

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1–15, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.1

• -NCS-850 and g-NCS-1000 the G band shifts back to 1586 cm−1 and 1581 cm−1, respectively. The NCS samples are highly microporous, which is indicated by the measured type-I N2 sorption isotherms (Figure 7), combined with a low external surface area compared to the specific surface area (Table 4). The

• ° continuous mode, 0.5 s per step). Porosity and specific surface area were determined by N2 sorption measurements on a Micromeritics ASAP 2420 instrument (Micromeritics) in a relative pressure range of p/p0 between 4 × 10−6 and 0.99 and a temperature of −196 °C. The specific surface area was calculated by the

• , NCS-850, NCS-700 and NCS-550 are reprinted with permission from [27], copyright 2019 Elsevier. Raman spectra of the NCS and g-NCS catalysts (the x-axis represents the Raman shift relative to the excitation laser wavelength given in cm−1). N2 sorption isotherms of the (a) NCS and (b) g-NCS catalyst

Long-term stability and scale-up of noncovalently bound gold nanoparticle-siRNA suspensions

• Anna V. Epanchintseva,
• Julia E. Poletaeva,
• Dmitrii V. Pyshnyi,
• Elena I. Ryabchikova and
• Inna A. Pyshnaya

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2568–2578, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.248

• reducing the toxic effect of siRNA [24]. In this work, we prepared AuNP-siRNA according to previously established regulations, and noncovalent sorption of the siRNA molecules on AuNPs was shown to be reversible [16][25]. The surface density of siRNA was calculated from the measurements of the fluorescence

Air oxidation of sulfur mustard gas simulants using a pyrene-based metal–organic framework photocatalyst

• Ghada Ayoub,
• Mihails Arhangelskis,
• Xuan Zhang,
• Florencia Son,
• Timur Islamoglu,
• Tomislav Friščić and
• Omar K. Farha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2422–2427, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.232

• scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showing that bulk NU-400 material consists of octahedral crystals ranging in sizes from 1 to 5 microns (Figure S3, Supporting Information File 1). The microporous nature of NU-400 was established by N2 sorption measurements at 77 K, which revealed a Brunauer–Emmet

Design and facile synthesis of defect-rich C-MoS₂/rGO nanosheets for enhanced lithium–sulfur battery performance

• Chengxiang Tian,
• Juwei Wu,
• Zheng Ma,
• Bo Li,
• Pengcheng Li,
• Xiaotao Zu and
• Xia Xiang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2251–2260, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.217

• are almost completely removed during the hydrothermal synthesis and annealing process [41]. Full nitrogen sorption isotherms of the composites were measured to obtain the specific surface area and the pore size distribution. A type-IV isotherm with a type-H3 hysteresis loop in the relative pressure

Synthesis of highly active ETS-10-based titanosilicate for heterogeneously catalyzed transesterification of triglycerides

• Muhammad A. Zaheer,
• David Poppitz,
• Khavar Feyzullayeva,
• Marianne Wenzel,
• Jörg Matysik,
• Radomir Ljupkovic,
• Aleksandra Zarubica,
• Alexander A. Karavaev,
• Andreas Pöppl,
• Roger Gläser and
• Muslim Dvoyashkin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2039–2061, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.200

• size (scanning electron microscopy, laser diffraction), textural properties (N2 sorption, Hg porosimetry), presence of hydroxyl groups and active sites (temperature-programmed desorption of NH3 and CO2, 29Si magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)), mesopore accessibility and diffusion

• catalysts were characterized to obtain quantitative information on properties such as crystal structure by X-ray diffraction (XRD), crystal size by laser diffraction, crystal morphology by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), pore width by N2 sorption and Hg

• peak at 24.63°) reflects the high crystallinity of the prepared ETS-10 material. Data of the textural analysis by N2 sorption into the Na,K-ETS-10 sample is presented in Figure 4. The isotherms exhibit the Type I shape [37] (revealing the presence of solely micropores) and have a specific surface area

Charge-transfer interactions between fullerenes and a mesoporous tetrathiafulvalene-based metal–organic framework

• Manuel Souto,
• Joaquín Calbo,
• Samuel Mañas-Valero,
• Aron Walsh and
• Guillermo Mínguez Espallargas

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1883–1893, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.183

• electron-donor TTF ligand is studied in detail by means of different spectroscopic techniques and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Importantly, gas sorption measurements demonstrate that sorption capacity is maintained after encapsulation of fullerenes, whereas the electrical conductivity is

• fullerenes has been carried out by different spectroscopic techniques and theoretical calculations. Gas sorption measurements demonstrate that permanent porosity is retained, whereas electrical measurements show that conductivity is enhanced after C60 encapsulation. Results and Discussion Synthesis and

• linkers was found to be 1.1 V (vs Ag/AgCl) [53] and the redox potential of C60 is −0.33 V (vs Ag/AgCl). Gas sorption measurements The porosity of C60@MUV-2 was studied by means of N2 and CO2 adsorption isotherm measurements (Figure 4). The measurement of nitrogen at 77 K yielded a combination of type-I