Facile one-step radio frequency magnetron sputtering of Ni/NiO on stainless steel for an efficient electrode for hydrogen evolution reaction

• Ha Huu Do,
• Khac Binh Nguyen,
• Phuong N. Nguyen and
• Hoai Phuong Pham

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 837–846, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.63

• . In this study, Ni/NiO nanolayers were prepared on stainless steel (SS) via a facile one-step radio frequency magnetron sputtering with various O2 flow rates. The O2 flow rate not only changed the crystal phase but also affected the morphology and atomic ratio of materials, leading to optimized HER

• preserved substrate are definite advantages. Although studies have recognized the effectiveness of magnetron sputtering, research has yet to systematically investigate the effect of the O2 flow rate on the HER efficiency of Ni/NiO catalysts. Commercial stainless steel (SS) costs less than other conductive

Supramolecular hydration structure of graphene-based hydrogels: density functional theory, green chemistry and interface application

• Hon Nhien Le,
• Duy Khanh Nguyen,
• Minh Triet Dang,
• Huyen Trinh Nguyen,
• Thi Bang Tam Dao,
• Trung Do Nguyen,
• Chi Nhan Ha Thuc and
• Van Hieu Le

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 806–822, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.61

• hydroxide hydrogel on polylactide film At first, commercial polylactide granules (PLA Luminy LX175, TotalEnergies Corbion) was put in a steel mold for thermal compression at 190 °C to produce a PLA plate. A piece of the PLA plate was put in a thin plastic mold (polyethylene terephthalate) for thermal

High-temperature epitaxial growth of tantalum nitride thin films on MgO: structural evolution and potential for SQUID applications

• Michelle Cedillo Rosillo,
• Oscar Contreras López,
• Jesús Antonio Díaz,
• Agustín Conde Gallardo and
• Harvi A. Castillo Cuero

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 690–699, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.53

• nitrogen pressure between 10 and 90 mTorr. The experiment was performed in a laser ablation system “RIBER LDM 32”. It consists of three stainless steel ultrahigh-vacuum (UHV) chambers for sample introduction, PLD deposition, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis, isolated by UHV gate valves

Feasibility analysis of carbon nanofiber synthesis and morphology control using a LPG premixed flame

• Iftikhar Rahman Bishal,
• Muhammad Hilmi Ibrahim,
• Norikhwan Hamzah,
• Mohd Zamri Mohd Yusop,
• Faizuan Bin Abdullah,
• I Putu Tedy Indrayana and
• Mohd Fairus Mohd Yasin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 581–590, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.45

• three stainless steel inlet tubes for LPG, oxygen, and nitrogen was used to synthesize CNTs. TEM images revealed a 0.35 nm interplanar spacing, showing high crystallinity and a thin amorphous layer [11]. In a separate study, CNFs were synthesized using acetylene and plasma-enhanced chemical vapor

• temperatures of 550–650 °C [13]. Also, CNFs were produced by loading a stainless-steel autoclave with 7.50 mL of diethyl ether and a solution containing 1.00 g of zinc powder and 0.50 g of iron powder. The sealed autoclave was heated to 650 °C and kept overnight for the hydrothermal reaction. After cooling to

• growth [17]. A study by Zhuang et al. used electrospinning to synthesize CNFs. Polyacrylonitrile was used a carbon precursor and phosphomolybdic acid was added to improve the structure and the conductivity of CNFs. A voltage of 15 kV was applied to a stainless steel needle containing the solution and an

Biomimetics and bioinspired surfaces: from nature to theory and applications

• Rhainer Guillermo Ferreira,
• Thies H. Büscher,
• Manuela Rebora,
• Poramate Manoonpong,
• Zhendong Dai and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 418–421, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.32

• scaling on steel surfaces. Using silicone nanofilaments, they achieved 75.5% reduction of calcium carbonate deposition on treated steel samples. While many articles concentrated on using natural designs to inspire technological innovation (biology-push), others took an application-driven (technology-pull

ReactorAFM/STM – dynamic reactions on surfaces at elevated temperature and atmospheric pressure

• Tycho Roorda,
• Hamed Achour,
• Matthijs A. van Spronsen,
• Marta E. Cañas-Ventura,
• Sander B. Roobol,
• Willem Onderwaater,
• Mirthe Bergman,
• Peter van der Tuijn,
• Gertjan van Baarle,
• Johan W. Bakker,
• Joost W. M. Frenken and
• Irene M. N. Groot

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 397–406, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.30

• , and current signal. The fourth electrode (on the back) is connected to one of the AFM contacts. The sensor is glued to a ceramic block with a non-conductive glue (EpoTek H770E), which is mounted on the slider. The slider is made of a high-speed steel rod, which is partitioned in three and isolated by

Bioinspired nanofilament coatings for scale reduction on steel

• Siad Dahir Ali,
• Mette Heidemann Rasmussen,
• Jacopo Catalano,
• Christian Husum Frederiksen and
• Tobias Weidner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 25–34, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.3

• , Danish Technical University, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark 10.3762/bjnano.16.3 Abstract Scaling of steel surfaces, prevalent in various industrial applications, results in significant operational inefficiencies and maintenance costs. Inspired by the natural hydrophobicity of springtail (Collembola) skin

• , which employs micro- and nanostructures to repel water, we investigate the application of silicone nanofilaments (SNFs) as a coating on steel surfaces to mitigate scaling. Silicone nanofilaments, previously successful on polymers, textiles, and glass, are explored for their hydrophobic properties and

• stability on steel. Our study demonstrates the successful coating of stainless steel with SNFs, achieving super-hydrophobicity and resilience under high shear stress and explosion/decompression tests. Scaling experiments reveal a 75.5% reduction in calcium carbonate deposition on SNF-coated steel surfaces

Heterogeneous reactions in a HFCVD reactor: simulation using a 2D model

• Xochitl Aleyda Morán Martínez,
• José Alberto Luna López,
• Zaira Jocelyn Hernández Simón,
• Gabriel Omar Mendoza Conde,
• José Álvaro David Hernández de Luz and
• Godofredo García Salgado

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1627–1638, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.128

• second one is the reaction zone, and the third one is the gas outlet. In the first zone, molecular hydrogen (H2) gas is pumped in through a stainless steel piping system that reaches a diffuser inside the reaction chamber. The gas gets in contact with eleven tungsten filaments from incandescent lamps

Natural nanofibers embedded in the seed mucilage envelope: composite hydrogels with specific adhesive and frictional properties

• Agnieszka Kreitschitz and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1603–1618, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.126

• ). Basil mucilage comprises thick cellulose fibrils [7]. Cellulose in the form of CNFs is very often used as an additive in the production of, for example, paper and biofilms [41][147][148] because CFNs have many unique properties, such as high mechanical strength (higher than that of steel and alloys, <2

Ion-induced surface reactions and deposition from Pt(CO)₂Cl₂ and Pt(CO)₂Br₂

• Mohammed K. Abdel-Rahman,
• Patrick M. Eckhert,
• Atul Chaudhary,
• Johnathon M. Johnson,
• Jo-Chi Yu,
• Lisa McElwee-White and
• D. Howard Fairbrother

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1427–1439, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.115

• sublimes at 35–40 °C at 125 mTorr. 13C NMR (C6D6, 400 MHz) δ 151.71 (1JC–Pt = 1562 Hz); IR (toluene, Figure S1, Supporting Information File 1) νco: 2077, 2118 cm−1. UHV studies Experiments were performed in a stainless-steel ultrahigh vacuum system as described elsewhere [21]. Briefly, a cooled tantalum

• blown dry with 99.999% N2 (Airgas) and used as the substrate for deposition. Approximately 500 mg of Pt(CO)2Cl2 (Strem Chemicals) was loaded into a glass vial that was attached to a UHV precision leak valve. A 1/8″ stainless steel directional dosing line was attached to the vacuum side of the leak valve

• to maximize the precursor pressure at the target surface. The directional dosing line, the leak valve body, and the precursor reservoir were resistively heated to 70 °C to volatilize the precursor and prevent condensation on the steel components. The leak valve was fully opened during deposition for

A biomimetic approach towards a universal slippery liquid infused surface coating

• Ryan A. Faase,
• Madeleine H. Hummel,
• AnneMarie V. Hasbrook,
• Andrew P. Carpenter and
• Joe E. Baio

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1376–1389, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.111

• cyclic olefin copolymer, silicon, and stainless steel substrates, by first growing a PDA film on each substrate. This was followed by a hydrophobic liquid anchor layer created by functionalizing the PDA film with a fluorinated thiol. Finally, perfluorodecalin was applied to the surface immediately prior

• copolymer (COC), silicon, and 316 stainless steel (SS) as our substrates. These substrates were first coated with PDA; then, a fluorinated thiol was attached to serve as the anchor for the infused fluid. The resulting surface modifications were then characterized by water contact angle measurements, atomic

Direct electron beam writing of silver using a β-diketonate precursor: first insights

• Katja Höflich,
• Krzysztof Maćkosz,
• Chinmai S. Jureddy,
• Aleksei Tsarapkin and
• Ivo Utke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1117–1124, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.90

• (Strem Chemicals, CAS 148630-66-4), with a stoichiometry of Ag/P/F/O/C = 1:1:6:2:8 was evaporated using a fully integrated custom-built gas injection system (GIS) consisting of chemically inert steel [28]. No injection needles were used. The components of the GIS that were in direct contact with the

Interface properties of nanostructured carbon-coated biological implants: an overview

• Mattia Bartoli,
• Francesca Cardano,
• Erik Piatti,
• Stefania Lettieri,
• Andrea Fin and
• Alberto Tagliaferro

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1041–1053, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.85

• macrophages. The reduction of fibrotic formations on the implants is of capital relevance for preventing thrombosis [96]. Hassan et al. [97] investigated graphene coatings on a stainless steel implant to minimize the negative effect of metals contained into the alloy (i.e., Cr, Mo, and Ni). The authors used

• bone tissues [137] to reduce wear. Such layers have been widely studied as coating agents onto several metal surfaces directly in contact with bone, including steel [138], titanium [139], and magnesium [140]. As reported by Deenoi et al. [141], CNT coatings on titanium nitride at the interface with

• both anticorrosion and antithrombotic elements. The authors used PVD for the deposition of a micrometer-thick coating on stainless steel, controlling morphology, roughness, and mechanical parameters. The coated surfaces showed a reduction of hemolysis of 40% and a corrosion resistance increment of 96

Facile synthesis of Fe-based metal–organic frameworks from Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles and their application for CO₂/N₂ separation

• Van Nhieu Le,
• Hoai Duc Tran,
• Minh Tien Nguyen,
• Hai Bang Truong,
• Toan Minh Pham and
• Jinsoo Kim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 897–908, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.74

• . Importantly, this route opens a new approach to utilizing Fe2O3-based waste materials from the iron and steel industry in manufacturing Fe-based MIL-100 materials. Keywords: CO2/N2 separation; Fe2O3 nanoparticles; hydrothermal reaction; IAST-predicted CO2/N2 selectivity; MIL-100(Fe); Introduction Metal

• ]. Typically, 0.9 g Fe2O3 and different amounts of H3BTC, alongside 45 mL of DI water, were introduced into a Teflon beaker and gently stirred for 15 min at room temperature. The mixture was then carefully sealed inside an autoclave made of stainless steel before being placed inside an electrically heated oven

• ), potentially utilizing a cheap and readily accessible raw material source from the iron and steel industry, thereby reducing production cost. Pathway for preparing M-100Fe@Fe2O3 samples. PXRD patterns of Fe2O3, MIL-100(Fe), and M-100Fe@Fe2O3 samples. SEM images of Fe2O3, MIL-100(Fe), and M-100Fe@Fe2O3 samples

Green synthesis of biomass-derived carbon quantum dots for photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue

• Dalia Chávez-García,
• Mario Guzman,
• Viridiana Sanchez and
• Rubén D. Cadena-Nava

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 755–766, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.63

• stirred for an additional 10 min. Subsequently, the mixture was transferred to a Teflon-lined stainless steel autoclave, which was sealed under pressure using a manual press. The autoclave was then placed in a convection oven and maintained at 100°C for 2 h. After the specified time had elapsed, the

Simultaneous electrochemical determination of uric acid and hypoxanthine at a TiO₂/graphene quantum dot-modified electrode

• Vu Ngoc Hoang,
• Dang Thi Ngoc Hoa,
• Nguyen Quang Man,
• Le Vu Truong Son,
• Le Van Thanh Son,
• Vo Thang Nguyen,
• Le Thi Hong Phong,
• Ly Hoang Diem,
• Kieu Chan Ly,
• Ho Sy Thang and
• Dinh Quang Khieu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 719–732, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.60

• synthesized in a hydrothermal process. 0.25 g of TiO2 and 12.5 mL of 10 M NaOH were mixed under ultrasonic stirring. The suspension was then transferred to a teflon-lined stainless steel autoclave and heated to 130 °C for 10 h. The resulting white solid was separated by centrifugation and rinsed several times

Exfoliation of titanium nitride using a non-thermal plasma process

• Priscila Jussiane Zambiazi,
• Dolores Ribeiro Ricci Lazar,
• Larissa Otubo,
• Rodrigo Fernando Brambilla de Souza,
• Almir Oliveira Neto and
• Cecilia Chaves Guedes-Silva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 631–637, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.53

• flow. The arc was generated between a 316 L steel electrode and another electrode composed of graphite. The process lasted 60 min. Subsequently, the resultant material was collected, rinsed in a 1:1 mixture of water and isopropanol, and decanted for 24 h. Then, the liquid phase was filtered using a

Cholesterol nanoarchaeosomes for alendronate targeted delivery as an anti-endothelial dysfunction agent

• Horacio Emanuel Jerez,
• Yamila Roxana Simioni,
• Kajal Ghosal,
• Maria Jose Morilla and
• Eder Lilia Romero

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 517–534, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.46

• tebenquichense was grown in basal medium supplemented with yeast extract and glucose in a 25 L custom-made stainless steel bioreactor at 40 °C and harvested after 72 h growth. Total polar archaeolipids (TPA) were extracted from biomass using the Bligh and Dyer method modified for extreme halophiles [74]. Around

Electron-induced deposition using Fe(CO)₄MA and Fe(CO)₅ – effect of MA ligand and process conditions

• Hannah Boeckers,
• Atul Chaudhary,
• Petra Martinović,
• Amy V. Walker,
• Lisa McElwee-White and
• Petra Swiderek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 500–516, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.45

Vinorelbine-loaded multifunctional magnetic nanoparticles as anticancer drug delivery systems: synthesis, characterization, and in vitro release study

• Zeynep Özcan and
• Afife Binnaz Hazar Yoruç

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 256–269, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.24

• a solvothermal technique in a stainless steel reactor at 200 °C for 6 h. According to the results of FE-SEM and STEM examinations, the Fe3O4 NPs are spherical, as depicted in Figure 1a–c. When examining the STEM size distribution, it was observed that Fe3O4 NPs were efficiently synthesized with an

Berberine-loaded polylactic acid nanofiber scaffold as a drug delivery system: The relationship between chemical characteristics, drug-release behavior, and antibacterial efficiency

• Le Thi Le,
• Hue Thi Nguyen,
• Liem Thanh Nguyen,
• Huy Quang Tran and
• Thuy Thi Thu Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 71–82, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.7

• /PLA, and BBR NPs/PLA were fabricated through the electrospinning of the aforementioned prepared solutions. After the solutions were cooled down to room temperature, they were transferred to a 5 mL syringe with a 22-gauge stainless-steel needle. The needle was linked to a high-voltage power supply

A combined gas-phase dissociative ionization, dissociative electron attachment and deposition study on the potential FEBID precursor [Au(CH₃)₂Cl]₂

• Elif Bilgilisoy,
• Ali Kamali,
• Thomas Xaver Gentner,
• Gerd Ballmann,
• Sjoerd Harder,
• Hans-Peter Steinrück,
• Hubertus Marbach and
• Oddur Ingólfsson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1178–1199, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.98

Low temperature atomic layer deposition of cobalt using dicobalt hexacarbonyl-1-heptyne as precursor

• Mathias Franz,
• Mahnaz Safian Jouzdani,
• Lysann Kaßner,
• Marcus Daniel,
• Frank Stahr and
• Stefan E. Schulz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 951–963, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.78

• crystal 200 mm silicon (100) wafers with a pre-coated thermal SiO2 film of 100 nm thickness. As precursor for all depositions dicobalt hexacarbonyl-1-heptyne [Co2(CO)6HC≡CC5H11] was used. The precursor was synthesised according to Georgi et al. [23] and filled to a common 200 mL stainless steel bubbler

Biomimetics on the micro- and nanoscale – The 25th anniversary of the lotus effect

• Matthias Mail,
• Kerstin Koch,
• Thomas Speck,
• William M. Megill and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 850–856, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.69

• environments, were selected as likely sources of bioinspiration. It quickly became obvious that the intricate physics of both archetypes was not appropriate for the industrial conditions of the steel oven. The project would have stopped there had it not been for the combined knowledge of other biological

Metal-organic framework-based nanomaterials as opto-electrochemical sensors for the detection of antibiotics and hormones: A review

• Akeem Adeyemi Oladipo,
• Saba Derakhshan Oskouei and
• Mustafa Gazi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 631–673, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.52