Development of a mucoadhesive drug delivery system and its interaction with gastric cells

• Ahmet Baki Sahin,
• Serdar Karakurt and
• Deniz Sezlev Bilecen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 371–384, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.28

• in a time-dependent manner. In vitro mucus interaction studies To analyze the interactions of nanoparticles with mucins in vitro, mucus-secreting AGS cells [69] were used. The mucus secretion of cells under our culturing conditions were determined via the PAS stain assay. The evaluation of mucin

• cells were seeded into 12-well plates and treated with F-EudAlg nanoparticles (1 mg/mL). Two incubation intervals were used in the study (1 and 4 h) to study the internalization of nanoparticles in a time-dependent manner. At the end of incubation, the cells were washed twice with PBS and fixed in 4

Pulsed laser in liquid grafting of gold nanoparticle–carbon support composites

• Madeleine K. Wilsey,
• Teona Taseska,
• Qishen Lyu,
• Connor P. Cox and
• Astrid M. Müller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 349–361, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.26

• , evident from electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) data (Figure 5B). Impedance, measured in an electrochemical setup, is the time-dependent opposition to alternating current stemming from the combined effect of ohmic resistance, capacitance, and phase elements in an electronic circuit. Impedance is

Enhancing mechanical properties of chitosan/PVA electrospun nanofibers: a comprehensive review

• Nur Areisman Mohd Salleh,
• Amalina Muhammad Afifi,
• Fathiah Mohamed Zuki and
• Hanna Sofia SalehHudin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 286–307, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.22

• involves applying a sinusoidal stress or strain to the material and measuring the resulting strain or stress, allowing for the characterization of time-dependent deformation of the material. The parameters varied in the tests include oscillation amplitude and frequency, while DMTA tests include temperature

Radiosensitizing properties of dual-functionalized carbon nanostructures loaded with temozolomide

• Radmila Milenkovska,
• Nikola Geskovski,
• Dushko Shalabalija,
• Ljubica Mihailova,
• Petre Makreski,
• Dushko Lukarski,
• Igor Stojkovski,
• Maja Simonoska Crcarevska and
• Kristina Mladenovska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 229–251, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.18

• evaluated. In the study of Zhang et al. [77] in which cellular accumulation and cytotoxicity of NDs, MWCNTs, and GO in HeLa cells were compared, concentration- and time-dependent cytotoxicity was observed, with an uptake via non-specific mechanisms and rates in the following order: NDs > MWCNTs > GO. The

• exclude their molecular interactions with the GBM cells and a contribution to the cytotoxicity of the formulations. Despite the evidence for excellent biocompatibility of PEG, there are papers demonstrating that PEG (depending on the molecular weight) may show selective dose- and time-dependent cytostatic

A review of metal-organic frameworks and polymers in mixed matrix membranes for CO₂ capture

• Charlotte Skjold Qvist Christensen,
• Nicholas Hansen,
• Mahboubeh Motadayen,
• Nina Lock,
• Martin Lahn Henriksen and
• Jonathan Quinson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 155–186, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.14

Nanocarriers and macrophage interaction: from a potential hurdle to an alternative therapeutic strategy

• Naths Grazia Sukubo,
• Paolo Bigini and
• Annalisa Morelli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 97–118, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.10

• affect NP internalization. They actively engulf NCs and accelerate their clearance, acting differentially in a time-dependent manner and altering the fate of nanomaterials [26]. In addition to immune-related barriers, the physicochemical properties of the nanomaterial itself can impair the NCs’ ability

Modeling and simulation of carbon-nanocomposite-based gas sensors

• Roopa Hegde,
• Punya Prabha V,
• Shipra Upadhyay and
• Krishna S B

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 90–96, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.9

• settings for time-dependent and stationary analyses. In the solving phase, simulations are executed to generate results, followed by post-processing to analyse and present the outcomes in 1D and 3D plots. The sensor layer where the adsorption of the gas occurs and thus participate in detecting the CO gas

A nanocarrier containing carboxylic and histamine groups with dual action: acetylcholine hydrolysis and antidote atropine delivery

• Elina E. Mansurova,
• Andrey A. Maslennikov,
• Anna P. Lyubina,
• Alexandra D. Voloshina,
• Irek R. Nizameev,
• Marsil K. Kadirov,
• Anzhela A. Mikhailova,
• Polina V. Mikshina,
• Albina Y. Ziganshina and
• Igor S. Antipin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 11–24, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.2

• (Fl) = 0.01 mM; PB, pH 7.4, 37 °C. 1H NMR spectra for Atr@p(Hist-CA): (a) dialysate after synthesis of Atr@p(Hist-CA), (b) dialysate after addition of ACh, and (c) the rest of dialyzing solution, C(ACh) = 5 mM, m(Atr) = 10 mg, PB, pH 7.4, 25 °C. Time-dependent Atr release from Atr@p(Hist-CA) without

Polymer lipid hybrid nanoparticles for phytochemical delivery: challenges, progress, and future prospects

• Iqra Rahat,
• Pooja Yadav,
• Aditi Singhal,
• Mohammad Fareed,
• Jaganathan Raja Purushothaman,
• Mohammed Aslam,
• Raju Balaji,
• Sonali Patil-Shinde and
• Md. Rizwanullah

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1473–1497, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.118

• nanoparticles showed excellent serum stability and revealed sustained drug release characteristics. Cell culture experiments suggested that the developed PLHNPs exhibited a much higher dose- and time-dependent cytotoxicity against both MCF-7 and HepG2 cells. After intravenous administration in SD rats, the

Nanotechnological approaches for efficient N2B delivery: from small-molecule drugs to biopharmaceuticals

• Selin Akpinar Adscheid,
• Akif E. Türeli,
• Nazende Günday-Türeli and
• Marc Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1400–1414, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.113

• vivo permeation studies. The PLGA NPs showed size- and time-dependent uptake mechanisms. For instance, PLGA NPs with particle sizes of 80 and 175 nm were taken up after only 5 min in the lamina propria; after 15 min, PLGA NPs with a particle size of 520 nm were associated with nuclei. Additionally, the

Enhanced catalytic reduction through in situ synthesized gold nanoparticles embedded in glucosamine/alginate nanocomposites

• Chi-Hien Dang,
• Le-Kim-Thuy Nguyen,
• Minh-Trong Tran,
• Van-Dung Le,
• Nguyen Minh Ty,
• T. Ngoc Han Pham,
• Hieu Vu-Quang,
• Tran Thi Kim Chi,
• Tran Thi Huong Giang,
• Nguyen Thi Thanh Tu and
• Thanh-Danh Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1227–1237, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.99

• effectiveness of this reaction hinges on the catalytic surface, influenced by both reagent adsorption and product desorption. We monitored the in situ reduction of organic dyes using the nanocatalyst via time-dependent UV–vis absorption measurements at ambient temperature. Confirmation of reduction was

A low-kiloelectronvolt focused ion beam strategy for processing low-thermal-conductance materials with nanoampere currents

• Annalena Wolff,
• Nico Klingner,
• William Thompson,
• Yinghong Zhou,
• Jinying Lin and
• Yin Xiao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1197–1207, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.97

• numerical heat transfer approach A 3D numerical heat transfer approach was used to include the effect of multiple ion impacts. A time-dependent heat equation was used to assess the effects of global and local heat damage for 5 keV Ga ions when using picoampere and nanoampere ion beam currents. The surface

• samples is orders of magnitude higher than that of the thermally low conductive materials used in this report. Conclusion The effects of acceleration voltage and ion energy on the heat damage during FIB processing was assessed using Monte Carlo simulations, finite element simulations, time-dependent

• simulations for 5 keV gallium ions in collagen The finite element simulator COMSOL was used to simulate the interaction of 5 keV Ga+ with collagen using the time-dependent differential equation of heat conduction for a stationary, homogeneous, and isotropic solid, The time evolution of a single gallium ion’s

Synthesis, characterization and anticancer effect of doxorubicin-loaded dual stimuli-responsive smart nanopolymers

• Ömür Acet,
• Pavel Kirsanov,
• Burcu Önal Acet,
• Inessa Halets-Bui,
• Dzmitry Shcharbin,
• Şeyda Ceylan Cömert and
• Mehmet Odabaşı

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1189–1196, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.96

• was highest at 41 °C and pH 7.4 (Figure 4B). The temperature and pH sensitivity eliminates the need for other external stimuli. The time-dependent DOX release experiments conducted here under different conditions demonstrated that the dual response of the SNPs may improve the DD performance compared

• . The data shows that smart nanopolymers can be used to create new types of doxorubicin-based drugs. Solutions utilized during polymerization. FTIR spectra of SNPs and DOX-SNPs. SEM image of SNPs. (A) Loading capacity of DOX at different initial concentrations. (B) Time-dependent release of DOX under

Recent updates in applications of nanomedicine for the treatment of hepatic fibrosis

• Damai Ria Setyawati,
• Fransiska Christydira Sekaringtyas,
• Riyona Desvy Pratiwi,
• A’liyatur Rosyidah,
• Rohimmahtunnissa Azhar,
• Nunik Gustini,
• Gita Syahputra,
• Idah Rosidah,
• Etik Mardliyati,
• Tarwadi and
• Sjaikhurrizal El Muttaqien

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1105–1116, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.89

• uptake in a time-dependent manner. Ultimately, the nanocomplex showed excellent in vitro gene-silencing activities, that is, approximately 80–85% of the Pcbp2 mRNA expression was inhibited in activated HSCs-T6 cells after gene transfection for 24 h. The in vivo biodistribution showed that the nanocomplex

Signal generation in dynamic interferometric displacement detection

• Knarik Khachatryan,
• Simon Anter,
• Michael Reichling and
• Alexander von Schmidsfeld

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1070–1076, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.87

• amount derr, we find for the time-dependent fiber-cantilever distance: Combining Equation 2 and Equation 4 yields the time dependence of the light intensity at the detector. As the detector measures the total incident light power, we introduce the circular illuminated effective area of the detector . The

The effect of age on the attachment ability of stick insects (Phasmatodea)

• Marie Grote,
• Stanislav N. Gorb and
• Thies H. Büscher

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 867–883, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.72

• ]. Research on the time-dependent decline of body functions has often been focused on vertebrates, especially mammals, but insects have found their way into ageing research as well [2][3][4]. They are easy to maintain and have a short lifespan, and changes in their exoskeleton can be easily observed [5]. The

Intermixing of MoS₂ and WS₂ photocatalysts toward methylene blue photodegradation

• Maryam Al Qaydi,
• Nitul S. Rajput,
• Michael Lejeune,
• Abdellatif Bouchalkha,
• Mimoun El Marssi,
• Steevy Cordette,
• Chaouki Kasmi and
• Mustapha Jouiad

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 817–829, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.68

• respect to the MB concentration variation with time. where C0 (mg/L) is the MB initial concentration in solution, and Ct (mg/L) is the time-dependent MB concentration obtained under light excitation. Figure 6c illustrates the changes in the concentration ratio C/C0 and the PD efficiency under visible

Exploring surface charge dynamics: implications for AFM height measurements in 2D materials

• Mario Navarro-Rodriguez,
• Andres M. Somoza and
• Elisa Palacios-Lidon

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 767–780, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.64

• an effective tip–sample voltage, the oscillating AFM tip generates a time-dependent electrical field, which induces a current and Joule dissipation due to the non-zero resistance of the material. These currents induce an oscillating charge movement. (ii) Simultaneously, these moving charges also

• generate a time-dependent electric field, which needs to be considered consistently. We think that our findings align well with this explanation, as a key difference between GO and rGO is their electrical conductivity. Moreover, the conduction mechanism in GO and rGO flakes is variable-range hopping [75

• infinite series of image charges, but for large z0 these charges become rapidly negligible. Taking this into account, the term Vtip(x, y, z ,t) can be written as where s = (ε2 − ε1)/(ε2 + ε1), and q = 4πε1RVbias. Vbias and z0 may be time-dependent if the tip is oscillating or a variable voltage is applied

Gold nanomakura: nanoarchitectonics and their photothermal response in association with carrageenan hydrogels

• Nabojit Das,
• Vikas,
• Akash Kumar,
• Sanjeev Soni and
• Raja Gopal Rayavarapu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 678–693, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.56

• indicated the incorporation of colloidal AuNMs, whereas colourless beads showed no incorporation of nanoparticles. The stability of the AuNMs in k-CG hydrogels was assessed through optical spectrophotometry as shown in Figure 3b–d. Time-dependent absorption spectra were recorded to ascertain any changes

Vinorelbine-loaded multifunctional magnetic nanoparticles as anticancer drug delivery systems: synthesis, characterization, and in vitro release study

• Zeynep Özcan and
• Afife Binnaz Hazar Yoruç

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 256–269, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.24

• efficiency (%EE) [39] of VNB into Fe3O4 NPs was calculated using Equation 1; it was found that the entrapment efficiency was approximately 98%. Standard curve of vinorelbine The calibration curve for the time-dependent release of VNB was generated by preparing VNB solutions at concentrations of 0, 20, 40, 60

New application of bimetallic Ag/Pt nanoplates in a colorimetric biosensor for specific detection of E. coli in water

• Azam Bagheri Pebdeni,
• Mohammad N. AL-Baiati and
• Morteza Hosseini

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 95–103, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.9

• addition of TMB and H2O2 to the paper-chip containing the aptasensor and E. coli. Due to the increase in aptamer–bacteria interaction based on paper-chip pores, this paper-based biosensor was not time-dependent and showed a fast color-change response in the absence or presence of specific target (Figure 4

Curcumin-loaded albumin submicron particles with potential as a cancer therapy: an in vitro study

• Nittiya Suwannasom,
• Netsai Sriaksorn,
• Chutamas Thepmalee,
• Krissana Khoothiam,
• Ausanai Prapan,
• Hans Bäumler and
• Chonthida Thephinlap

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1127–1140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.93

• and MCF-7 cells at the concentration range in this experiment (Figure 6B,D). This evidence indicates that the HSA-MPs carrier is non-toxic, even after prolonged exposure. As shown in Figure 6, free CUR and CUR-HSA-MP treatment substantially induced cell death in a dose- and time-dependent manner

A bifunctional superconducting cell as flux qubit and neuron

• Dmitrii S. Pashin,
• Pavel V. Pikunov,
• Marina V. Bastrakova,
• Andrey E. Schegolev,
• Nikolay V. Klenov and
• Igor I. Soloviev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1116–1126, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.92

• adiabatic energy levels at anticrossing τLZ. The estimates obtained in the framework of the two-level model are in good agreement with the numerical calculations (solid lines in Figure 2a,b) of the Schrödinger time-dependent equation by the Crank–Nicolson method [46] based on the Magnus decomposition for

• coefficient with the thermostat determined by condition κ = 0.0025ωp, la = 1 + l, lout = 0.1, EJ = 2Ec, and t1 = 3t2. Interference population map for the first excited state (a) and the second state (b) for different values of the inductance l and rates of change of the control field fronts D. (c) Time

• -dependent dynamics of the overlying states (n = 2, 3, 4) and (d) leakage to the second excited level (n = 2) for the system initialised at different poles on the Bloch sphere for the values l = 2.63 and D = 0.0044, similar to those shown in Figure 2a. The parameters of the system were la = 1 + l, lout = 0.1

Dual-heterodyne Kelvin probe force microscopy

• Benjamin Grévin,
• Fatima Husainy,
• Dmitry Aldakov and
• Cyril Aumaître

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1068–1084, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.88

• our previous pp-KPFM measurements on PTB7:PC71BM blends [4][11], which showed that the SPV decay time constant can vary from tens of µs to several hundreds of µs, depending on the morphology and phase composition. Doing so, we maximized our chances to generate a time-dependent SPV (which first

Spatial mapping of photovoltage and light-induced displacement of on-chip coupled piezo/photodiodes by Kelvin probe force microscopy under modulated illumination

• Zeinab Eftekhari,
• Nasim Rezaei,
• Hidde Stokkel,
• Jian-Yao Zheng,
• Andrea Cerreta,
• Ilka Hermes,
• Minh Nguyen,
• Guus Rijnders and
• Rebecca Saive

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1059–1067, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.87

• In this work, a silicon photodiode integrated with a piezoelectric membrane is studied by Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) under modulated illumination. Time-dependent KPFM enables simultaneous quantification of the surface photovoltage generated by the photodiode as well as the resulting

• mechanical oscillation of the piezoelectric membrane with vertical atomic resolution in real-time. This technique offers the opportunity to measure concurrently the optoelectronic and mechanical response of the device at the nanoscale. Furthermore, time-dependent atomic force microscopy (AFM) was employed to

• ); time-dependent AFM; Introduction Light has been recognized as a versatile external energy source to actuate micro/nanorobots with outstanding merits of wireless, remote, and precise controllability [1][2][3][4]. Light-driven micro/nanorobots convert light into mechanical motion and are able to perform