Comparative study on 3D morphologies of delignified, single tracheids and fibers of five wood species

• Helen Gorges,
• Felicitas von Usslar,
• Cordt Zollfrank,
• Silja Flenner,
• Imke Greving,
• Martin Müller,
• Clemens F. Schaber,
• Chuchu Li and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 239–250, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.16

• ]. They are especially important in gymnosperms, where they serve as primary conduits for water transport, whereas in angiosperms, they function alongside vessel elements, contributing to both axial and lateral water movement by providing strength of the tissue [3][4]. Tracheids are specialized cells that

• are elongated, hollow, and tapered at both ends, forming an interconnected system that facilitates the transport of water and nutrients from the roots to the aerial parts of the plant [3]. Depending on the species and function, conifer tracheids are generally narrow, with varying diameters (8–80 µm

• enhance water transport efficiency during growth seasons, enabling the trees to support rapid growth. Conversely, narrower lumina in latewood provide superior mechanical support during periods of reduced growth, ensuring structural stability. However, across the five species studied here, the hardwood

Gold nanoparticle-decorated reduced graphene oxide as a highly effective catalyst for the selective α,β-dehydrogenation of N-alkyl-4-piperidones

• Brenda Flore Kenyim,
• Mihir Tzalis,
• Marilyn Kaul,
• Robert Oestreich,
• Aysenur Limon,
• Chancellin Pecheu Nkepdep and
• Christoph Janiak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 218–238, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.15

• largely below 2 nm and indicate a predominantly microporous structure (Figure S1a, Supporting Information File 1), which may limit mass transport and hinder catalytic performance in reactions requiring easy access to active sites. Reduced graphene oxide has a moderate BET surface area (231 m2·g−1), but

• the highest total pore volume (2.03 cm3·g−1). The pore diameters extend into the mesoporous region (2–50 nm) for a large fraction of the pores (Figure S1b, Supporting Information File 1). This combination suggests a more open and accessible porous network, facilitating better mass transport and

• volume. These features provide a more favorable environment for mass transport, reactant diffusion, and nanoparticle dispersion, making rGO a more effective catalyst support, so we expect a better catalytic activity with rGO. In addition to the morphological and textural properties of carbon supports

Micro- and nanoscale effects in biological and bioinspired materials and surfaces

• Thies H. Büscher,
• Rhainer Guillermo Ferreira,
• Manuela Rebora and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 214–217, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.14

• biological surface features to improve transport and effects of drugs, biological systems can be suitable templates for recognition of biomolecules. The review by Gharibzahedi and Altintas [27] provides a timely and comprehensive overview of recent advances in optical biosensing technologies for the

Safe and sustainable by design with ML/AI: A transformative approach to advancing nanotechnology

• Georgia Melagraki

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 176–185, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.11

• transport of ENMs, as well as potential occupational and consumer exposures across production, use, and disposal stages [42][43][44]. Predictive toxicology Predictive toxicology is pivotal to SSbD strategies because it enables early-stage assessments of potential nanomaterial hazards, thereby minimizing

• most critical. By integrating real-time data on ENM fate and transport, these models provide the flexibility to adapt to new evidence or change regulatory thresholds. Taken together, LCA methodologies – particularly those enhanced by Bayesian and dynamic modelling – support a preventative, SSbD mindset

From shield to spear: Charge-reversible nanocarriers in overcoming cancer therapy barriers

• Madhuri Yeduvaka,
• Pooja Mittal,
• Ameer Boyalakuntla,
• Usman Bee Shaik,
• Himanshu Sharma,
• Thakur Gurjeet Singh,
• Siva Nageswara Rao Gajula and
• Lakshmi Vineela Nalla

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 159–175, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.10

• the crucial role of surface charge in cellular uptake and intracellular transport, highlighting recent advances that demonstrate improved targeting, reduced systemic toxicity, enhanced cellular internalisation, and the potential for integrated approaches, including combination therapies and

• transport of CRISPR components [92]. Ben-Akiva et al. engineered biodegradable, lipophilic polymer-based nanocarriers capable of systemically delivering mRNA along with TLR agonists to dendritic cells in the spleen, leading to strong activation of CD8+ T cells and effective tumour suppression in mouse

Influence of surface characteristics on the in vitro stability and cell uptake of nanoliposomes for brain delivery

• Dushko Shalabalija,
• Ljubica Mihailova,
• Nikola Geskovski,
• Andreas Zimmer,
• Otmar Geiss,
• Sabrina Gioria,
• Diletta Scaccabarozzi and
• Marija Glavas Dodov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 139–158, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.9

• showed a time- and concentration-dependent internalization pattern, with high impact of the surface characteristics of the different formulations. In addition, transport studies on hCMEC/D3/SH-SY5Y co-cultures confirmed the successful transport of NLs across the BBB cells and their subsequent uptake by

• may stem from the incomplete understanding of factors affecting the NLs optimal delivery to the central nervous system (CNS). Therefore, understanding the mechanisms of NLs transport across the BBB and the impact of NLs properties as well as the disease pathophysiology is crucial for improving

• interactions in complex organs like the brain, in vitro cell culture models, such as hCMEC/D3 and SH-SY5Y, are often used [9]. Therefore, the hCMEC/D3 model is useful for examining nanosystems, drug uptake, and transport across the BBB, with advantages like easy growth and mimicking basic BBB properties

Reduced graphene oxide paper electrode for lithium-ion cells – towards optimized thermal reduction

• Agata Pawłowska,
• Magdalena Baran,
• Stefan Marynowicz,
• Aleksandra Izabela Banasiak,
• Adrian Racki,
• Adrian Chlanda,
• Tymoteusz Ciuk,
• Marta Wolczko and
• Andrzej Budziak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 24–37, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.3

• specific surface area, and low bulk density [3][4]. The role of rGO in electrode materials can be considered in two ways. It can be applied as a conductive additive, improving transport properties and, as a result, enhancing capacity [5]. It can also be the active material itself [6][7]. To mention just a

• transport and accessibility for lithium ions. Thermogravimetric analysis (Figure 3) was performed on the M300 sample in order to determine the temperatures corresponding to the maximum rates of weight change resulting from the removal of oxygen functional groups. Differential analysis of the TGA curve

• a composite lithium cobalt oxide electrode [55]. Furthermore, the introduction of defects as a result of iodine doping reported by Li et al. resulted in improved sodium ion storage and electron transport [56]. The carbon lattice in rGO flakes provides electrical conductivity, while defects and

Competitive helical bands and highly efficient diode effect in F/S/TI/S/F hybrid structures

• Tairzhan Karabassov,
• Irina V. Bobkova,
• Pavel M. Marychev,
• Vasiliy S. Stolyarov,
• Vyacheslav M. Silkin and
• Andrey S. Vasenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 15–23, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.2

• [1]. However, it should be emphasized that the lack of inversion symmetry is the implication of the gyrotropy in the structure of the material that supports nonreciprocal transport [39]. On the microscopic level, the lack of inversion symmetry is expressed by the SOC term. In this regard, systems

Geometry-controlled engineering of the low-temperature proximity effect in normal metal–superconductor junctions

• Munisa A. Tomayeva,
• Vyacheslav D. Neverov,
• Andrey V. Krasavin,
• Alexei Vagov and
• Mihail D. Croitoru

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2265–2273, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.155

• hybrid devices by enhancing normal quasiparticle scattering at the expense of Cooper pair transport [42]. Although interface transparency can be tuned by chemical surface treatments or in situ growth [43], an alternative and less explored approach is to control the proximity effect via the geometry of

Optical bio/chemical sensors for vitamin B₁₂ analysis in food and pharmaceuticals: state of the art, challenges, and future outlooks

• Seyed Mohammad Taghi Gharibzahedi and
• Zeynep Altintas

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2207–2244, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.153

• absorption of VB12 (Figure 2), namely, passive diffusion and active transport [34][44]. In passive diffusion, a minor fraction (1–2%) of oral VB12 dose can be directly absorbed via the intestinal mucosa and the gastrointestinal tract surface without the need for the intrinsic factor (IF). If the active

• transport of VB12 is impossible, a high dose of oral VB12 (like 1.0 mg daily) is essential for ensuring an “adequate” intake of this vitamin in the body [34][49]. Accordingly, this IF-independent pathway is less efficient and becomes more significant in individuals with a deficiency or absence of IF, or

• when the capacity of the IF system is exceeded [50]. In the active transport pathway, the absorption of VB12 through receptors commences following its liberation from the dietary source. Food proteins act as carriers for dietary VB12. The acidic conditions within the gastric lumen enable the liberation

Microplastic pollution in Himalayan lakes: assessment, risks, and sustainable remediation strategies

• Sameeksha Rawat,
• S. M. Tauseef and
• Madhuben Sharma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2144–2167, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.148

• , although the upland catchments are so crucial to maintaining these rivers, high-altitude regions, above all, the Himalayas, are still inadequately studied. Himalayan lakes are exposed to increased plastic contamination by natural and human-induced processes. The complex process of MP transport and

• key mechanism in remote lakes besides direct input [7]. Groundwater modeling methods have been instrumental in describing the transport and fate of contaminants, including MPs, in subsurface environments. Numerical methods such as MODFLOW coupled with transport methods such as MT3DMS and RT3D are

• widely used to simulate groundwater flow and contaminant transport processes [20]. Such models have been adapted to cold mountain environments by adding glacier-fed recharge zones, freeze–thaw processes in soils, and topography-induced flow [21]. Semi-distributed models such as SWAT and MIKE SHE have

Electron transport through nanoscale multilayer graphene and hexagonal boron nitride junctions

• Aleksandar Staykov and
• Takaya Fujisaki

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2132–2143, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.147

• ) method combined with density functional theory (DFT) to compare electron transport through several layers of nanoscale graphene and hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN). Calculations were performed for one to six layers, corresponding to thicknesses of 0.5–3.0 nm, respectively. Electron transport was computed

• and Stone–Wales defects. Nitrogen doping transforms graphene from a zero-bandgap semiconductor to a metal, while Stone–Wales defects open the bandgap. For h-BN, we considered Stone–Wales defects. A detailed comparison of electron transport through five materials, that is, multilayer nanoscale graphene

• , N-doped multilayer nanoscale graphene, Stone–Wales-defective multilayer nanoscale graphene, h-BN, and Stone–Wales-defective h-BN allowed us to understand the currents at the nanoscale and the chemical and structural control over the electron transport. The slopes of the current decay with thickness

Stereodiscrimination of guests in chiral organosilica aerogels studied by ESR spectroscopy

• Sebastian Polarz,
• Yasar Krysiak,
• Martin Wessig and
• Florian Kuhlmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2034–2054, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.140

• or derivatizing agents, enabling the separation of enantiomers based on their interactions with these chiral entities. It is obvious that the transport properties of the two enantiomers must be different for them to be separated successfully. Transport in porous media is a topic with much broader and

• more general relevance than just for chromatography. Transport processes in porous materials are fundamental phenomena that influence the behavior and performance of a wide range of natural and engineered systems. They are relevant in applications including catalysis, filtration, energy storage

• , environmental remediation, and construction. The key transport processes in porous materials include diffusion, advection, capillary action, and sometimes reactions that might occur within the pores, highly complex phenomena one tries to understand as detailed as possible [15][16][17]. Laemmerhofer gave an

Laser ablation in liquids for shape-tailored synthesis of nanomaterials: status and challenges

• Natalie Tarasenka

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1963–1997, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.137

Evaluating metal-organic precursors for focused ion beam-induced deposition through solid-layer decomposition analysis

• Benedykt R. Jany,
• Katarzyna Madajska,
• Aleksandra Butrymowicz-Kubiak,
• Franciszek Krok and
• Iwona B. Szymańska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1942–1951, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.135

• an onset below 100 °C are considered suitable for efficient transport through a GIS. Those with higher sublimation points are unlikely to reach the deposition zone and are thus disqualified early. Despite its advantages, EIMS pre-screening has significant limitations; it cannot determine the final

Quantum circuits with SINIS structures

• Mikhail Tarasov,
• Mikhail Fominskii,
• Aleksandra Gunbina,
• Artem Krasilnikov,
• Maria Mansfeld,
• Dmitrii Kukushkin,
• Andrei Maruhno,
• Valeria Ievleva,
• Mikhail Strelkov,
• Daniil Zhogov,
• Konstantin Arutyunov,
• Vyacheslav Vdovin,
• Vladislav Stolyarov and
• Valerian Edelman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1931–1941, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.134

• nanostructure consisting of a T-shaped normal metal electrode (copper), an insulating tunnel layer (aluminum oxide), and a superconducting fork (aluminum), Figure 2a. Tunnel junction size is 0.2 × 0.2 µm, loop area 2, 4, 8, or 10 µm2. The transport characteristics of the fabricated interferometers were studied

Further insights into the thermodynamics of linear carbon chains for temperatures ranging from 13 to 300 K

• Alexandre Rocha Paschoal,
• Thiago Alves de Moura,
• Juan S. Rodríguez-Hernández,
• Carlos William de Araujo Paschoal,
• Yoong Ahm Kim,
• Morinobu Endo and
• Paulo T. Araujo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1818–1825, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.125

• gradients), and mechanical (e.g., pressure variations) stimuli [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]. These responses are directly connected with electronic and transport properties, which in turn depend on the equilibrium between emission and absorption of

Piezoelectricity of layered double hydroxides: perspectives regarding piezocatalysis and nanogenerators

• Evgeniy S. Seliverstov,
• Evgeniya A. Tarasenko and
• Olga E. Lebedeva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1812–1817, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.124

• piezoelectric properties of the ZnCo/Al-LDH-catalyst accelerated carrier transport and promoted regeneration of the Co2+ catalytic active center. Another variety of LDH-based catalysts are composite materials produced from constituent materials with LDHs as one of them. When combined with BaTiO3, Zn/Al-LDH

Electrical, photocatalytic, and sensory properties of graphene oxide and polyimide implanted with low- and medium-energy silver ions

• Josef Novák,
• Eva Štěpanovská,
• Petr Malinský,
• Vlastimil Mazánek,
• Jan Luxa,
• Ulrich Kentsch and
• Zdeněk Sofer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1794–1811, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.123

• implanted with 20 keV at the same fluence (RMS = 64 nm). Such surfaces likely provide an optimal balance between the density of active sites and efficient charge carrier transport, thereby reducing recombination. In contrast, excessive roughening, as observed for GO at 1 × 1016 cm−2 (RMS = 590 nm), did not

• × 1014 cm−2, the graphitization of the material becomes more intense, as suggested by the RBS results, leading to a more pronounced decrease in resistance by several orders of magnitude. A more continuous network of conductive pathways is formed, enabling more efficient charge transport through the

• occurs, which suppresses the effects of water adsorption on charge transport. Conclusion The aim of this work was to improve the sensing, electrical, and photocatalytic properties of GO and PI implanted with Ag ions in the ion fluence range from 3.75 × 1012 cm−2 to 1 × 1016 cm−2. We used low energies (20

Exploring the potential of polymers: advancements in oral nanocarrier technology

• Rousilândia de Araujo Silva,
• Igor Eduardo Silva Arruda,
• Luise Lopes Chaves,
• Mônica Felts de La Roca Soares and
• Jose Lamartine Soares Sobrinho

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1751–1793, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.122

• after overcoming the adverse conditions of the GIT, as nanocarriers enter the bloodstream to exert their therapeutic effect. This process can occur through various mechanisms, including paracellular transport, the M cell-associated pathway, and endocytosis. Paracellular transport involves NPs reaching

• opening of these intercellular tight junctions [75] as described in Table 2 and discussed in Section 4.1.1. M cells are characterized by invaginations in their membrane, which facilitate the selective entry of substances into the lymphatic tissue beneath the intestinal mucosa via active transport. This

• CME, enabling targeted therapy [81]. The dimeric protein caveolin-1 is the primary agent in CvME, playing key roles in cell signaling, lipid regulation, and vesicular transport. It also defines the characteristic flask-like shape of vesicles and is located on the cytosolic side of the membrane

Advances of aptamers in esophageal cancer diagnosis, treatment and drug delivery

• Yang Fei,
• Hui Xu,
• Chunwei Zhang,
• Jingjing Wang and
• Yong Jin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1734–1750, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.121

• penetration. Cell-penetrating peptides can improve aptamer transport by triggering adsorption-mediated endocytosis and may be an alternative strategy to solve this puzzle. For example, Le et al. [132] constructed nanocomplexes promising for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma by double modification of

Multifunctional anionic nanoemulsion with linseed oil and lecithin: a preliminary approach for dry eye disease

• Niédja Fittipaldi Vasconcelos,
• Almerinda Agrelli,
• Rayane Cristine Santos da Silva,
• Carina Lucena Mendes-Marques,
• Isabel Renata de Souza Arruda,
• Priscilla Stela Santana de Oliveira,
• Mércia Liane de Oliveira and
• Giovanna Machado

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1711–1733, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.120

• the aqueous dispersion. The enhanced conductivity facilitated by electron transport species can foster chemical interactions with contacting materials (such as primary packaging) or expedite degradation processes, particularly given the acidic nature of the pre-formulations. Variations in zeta

Nanotechnology-based approaches for the removal of microplastics from wastewater: a comprehensive review

• Nayanathara O Sanjeev,
• Manjunath Singanodi Vallabha and
• Rebekah Rubidha Lisha Rabi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1607–1632, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.114

• advanced capabilities such as self-cleaning and pollutant breakdown [113]. Recently, the utilization of nanomaterials has gained significant attention for creating next-generation membranes with enhanced anti-fouling and anti-scaling, and improved transport capabilities. Among the most frequently used

Transient electronics for sustainability: Emerging technologies and future directions

• Jae-Young Bae,
• Myung-Kyun Choi and
• Seung-Kyun Kang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1545–1556, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.109

• another layer of complexity. Looking ahead, in addition to overcoming the limitations of active degradation materials, innovative encapsulation technologies that can actively control or even electrically manipulate fluid transport, such as through directional flow or on-demand pumping, represent a

Influence of laser beam profile on morphology and optical properties of silicon nanoparticles formed by laser ablation in liquid

• Natalie Tarasenka,
• Vladislav Kornev,
• Alena Nevar and
• Nikolai Tarasenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1533–1544, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.108

• nanowires facilitates the electronic transport along the wire axis, while the transport of the ions occurs in the transverse direction, providing shorter diffusion distances. All these aspects underline the benefits of Si nanowires and the need to develop novel approaches for their formation. Despite