Aprepitant-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles: a novel approach to enhance oral bioavailability

• Mazhar Hussain,
• Muhammad Farooq,
• Muhammad Asad Saeed,
• Muhammad Ijaz,
• Sherjeel Adnan,
• Zeeshan Masood,
• Muhammad Waqas,
• Wafa Ishaq and
• Nabeela Ameer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 652–663, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.50

• , or applying cyclodextrin complexation or salt formation. However, these techniques depend on the physicochemical features of the drug in each case. SLNs are the easiest and most suitable scalable of the above approaches for developing stable commercially viable dosage forms [11]. Various methods such

• > APT-CD-NP3 > APT-CD-NP4 due to the gradual increase of β-CD, and the optimum solubility was achieved with APT-CD-NP4 in both solvents. Better solubility was achieved in PBS (pH 7.4) compared to acidic medium due to the lipophilic nature of APT loaded into the interior cavity of β-CD [11]. An increased

Nanoscale capacitance spectroscopy based on multifrequency electrostatic force microscopy

• Pascal N. Rohrbeck,
• Lukas D. Cavar,
• Franjo Weber,
• Peter G. Reichel,
• Mara Niebling and
• Stefan A. L. Weber

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 637–651, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.49

• reliability of capacitors [10]. Similarly, in next-generation photovoltaic devices, the dielectric properties of absorber layers, such as lead-halide perovskites, affect carrier recombination and electric field distribution, thereby influencing power conversion efficiency [11]. At the nanoscale, the

• identical to Equation 3, Equation 10 contains a term proportional to C′ at frequency 2ωmod = Δωe. This force has been used for AM-based dielectric spectroscopy [63][69][74][84][85][86][87][88]. The second term, Equation 11, contains a force component at the mechanical drive frequency ωm and at a sideband

• capacitance gradient, we need to calculate the electrostatic force from the detected amplitude signal, Adet, taking into account the cantilever’s frequency-dependent spring constant or transfer function, k(ω): Interestingly, the forces in Equation 11 only depend on the frequency difference, Δωe, of the

A formulation containing Cymbopogon flexuosus essential oil: improvement of biochemical parameters and oxidative stress in diabetic rats

• Ailton Santos Sena-Júnior,
• Cleverton Nascimento Santana Andrade,
• Pedro Henrique Macedo Moura,
• Jocsã Hémany Cândido dos Santos,
• Cauãn Torres Trancoso,
• Eloia Emanuelly Dias Silva,
• Deise Maria Rego Rodrigues Silva,
• Ênio Pereira Telles,
• Luiz André Santos Silva,
• Isabella Lima Dantas Teles,
• Sara Fernanda Mota de Almeida,
• Daniel Alves de Souza,
• Jileno Ferreira Santos,
• Felipe José Aidar Martins,
• Ana Mara de Oliveira e Silva,
• Sandra Lauton-Santos,
• Guilherme Rodolfo Souza de Araujo,
• Cristiane Bani Correa,
• Rogéria De Souza Nunes,
• Lysandro Pinto Borges and
• Ana Amélia Moreira Lira

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 617–636, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.48

• stabilized by surfactants, with a very small droplet size (<100 nm), which facilitates their permeation through membranes [9]. In addition, MEs showed increased anti-inflammatory activity, reduced irritation, and improved the stability of EOs in previous studies [10][11]. Thus, from an innovative perspective

• revealed significant lesions in the pancreas, as illustrated in Figure 11, with emphasis on the regions indicated by (J) and (I). One of the most obvious findings was interstitial edema, characterized by excessive accumulation of fluid in the extracellular space, which resulted in increased spacing between

Focused ion and electron beams for synthesis and characterization of nanomaterials

• Aleksandra Szkudlarek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 613–616, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.47

• effects noted in water-assisted graphene etching [11]. While controlling the purity of deposits appears more straightforward, achieving precise nanoscale shapes remains challenging, particularly when structures are fabricated in close proximity. Experimental results demonstrate that FEBID, followed by

Polyurethane/silk fibroin-based electrospun membranes for wound healing and skin substitute applications

• Iqra Zainab,
• Zohra Naseem,
• Syeda Rubab Batool,
• Muhammad Waqas,
• Ahsan Nazir and
• Muhammad Anwaar Nazeer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 591–612, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.46

• versatile and provides the best control over fiber morphology and structure [10]. Electrospinning is a straightforward and adaptable technique that can be used to directly spin polymeric solutions into nanofibers that are at least 100 times thinner than fibers created using more conventional techniques [11

Feasibility analysis of carbon nanofiber synthesis and morphology control using a LPG premixed flame

• Iftikhar Rahman Bishal,
• Muhammad Hilmi Ibrahim,
• Norikhwan Hamzah,
• Mohd Zamri Mohd Yusop,
• Faizuan Bin Abdullah,
• I Putu Tedy Indrayana and
• Mohd Fairus Mohd Yasin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 581–590, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.45

• three stainless steel inlet tubes for LPG, oxygen, and nitrogen was used to synthesize CNTs. TEM images revealed a 0.35 nm interplanar spacing, showing high crystallinity and a thin amorphous layer [11]. In a separate study, CNFs were synthesized using acetylene and plasma-enhanced chemical vapor

Nanomaterials in targeting amyloid-β oligomers: current advances and future directions for Alzheimer's disease diagnosis and therapy

• Shiwani Randhawa,
• Trilok Chand Saini,
• Manik Bathla,
• Rahul Bhardwaj,
• Rubina Dhiman and
• Amitabha Acharya

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 561–580, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.44

Retrieval of B1 phase from high-pressure B2 phase for CdO nanoparticles by electronic excitations in Cd_xZn_1−xO composite thin films

• Arkaprava Das,
• Marcin Zając and
• Carla Bittencourt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 551–560, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.43

• described through two primary models: the Coulomb explosion model, which relies on electrostatic repulsive forces [10][11], and the thermal spike model, where energy is transferred to lattice atoms, resulting in melting and subsequent quenching to form tracks [12][13]. The latter model has been more widely

Functionalized gold nanoflowers on carbon screen-printed electrodes: an electrochemical platform for biosensing hemagglutinin protein of influenza A H1N1 virus

• Carlos Enrique Torres-Méndez,
• Sharmilee Nandi,
• Klara Martinovic,
• Patrizia Kühne,
• Yifan Liu,
• Sam Taylor,
• Maria Lysandrou,
• Maria Ines Berrojo Romeyro Mascarenhas,
• Viktoria Langwallner,
• Javier Enrique Sebastián Alonso,
• Ivana Jovanovic,
• Maike Lüftner,
• Georgia-Vasiliki Gkountana,
• David Bern,
• Abdul-Raouf Atif,
• Ehsan Manouchehri Doulabi,
• Gemma Mestres and
• Masood Kamali-Moghaddam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 540–550, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.42

• into four groups, namely, influenza A, B, C, and D viruses. The antigenic features of the hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) glycoproteins on the surface of influenza A viruses are used to further classify the virus into subtypes. Influenza A comprises 18 HA subtypes and 11 NA subtypes, of which

• , and sensitivity [8]. In the last few years, various biosensors for the detection of influenza A H1N1 virus have been developed. Detection of influenza A H1N1 virus can be achieved by targeting one or more relevant biomolecules of the virus. The majority of studies have targeted H1 protein [9][10][11

Electron beam-based direct writing of nanostructures using a palladium β-ketoesterate complex

• Chinmai Sai Jureddy,
• Krzysztof Maćkosz,
• Aleksandra Butrymowicz-Kubiak,
• Iwona B. Szymańska,
• Patrik Hoffmann and
• Ivo Utke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 530–539, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.41

• ][11][12] properties at the nanometer scale. One method that is capable of creating such nanostructures is focused electron beam-induced deposition (FEBID) [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]. In this technique, a focused electron beam decomposes adsorbed molecules on a substrate in vacuum

Zeolite materials with Ni and Co: synthesis and catalytic potential in the selective hydrogenation of citral

• Inocente Rodríguez-Iznaga,
• Yailen Costa Marrero,
• Tania Farias Piñeira,
• Céline Fontaine,
• Lexane Paget,
• Beatriz Concepción Rosabal,
• Arbelio Penton Madrigal,
• Vitalii Petranovskii and
• Gwendoline Lafaye

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 520–529, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.40

• chemicals, fragrances, and other high-value products [11]. The catalysts preferred for this reaction are currently based on noble metals because of their excellent performance [12][13]. However, their high cost and scarcity requires strategies to reduce their use or replace them with non-noble alternatives

• offering comparable catalytic properties. Despite extensive research on zeolite-supported transition metal catalysts, their application to citral hydrogenation remains very little explored [11]. Most recent studies focus on the selective hydrogenation of related biomass-derived compounds, such as furfural

Water in nanoporous hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets: a first-principles study

• Juliana A. Gonçalves,
• Ronaldo J. C. Batista and
• Marcia C. Barbosa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 510–519, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.39

• improve the desalination process. In pursuit of greater efficiency in the desalination process, the scientific community has proposed membranes composed of various materials, including graphene [7][8][9][10], carbon nanotubes [11][12][13][14], molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) [15][16][17][18], and hexagonal

N₂⁺-implantation-induced tailoring of structural, morphological, optical, and electrical characteristics of sputtered molybdenum thin films

• Usha Rani,
• Kafi Devi,
• Divya Gupta and
• Sanjeev Aggarwal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 495–509, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.38

• electron beam evaporation [10] have been reported in the literature. RF sputtering is the predominant technique for thin film deposition because of its benefits regarding layer adhesion, uniformity, composition, and deposition rate compared to other methods [11]. In the deposition of molybdenum films, RF

• thickness [32][53]. The resistivity of as-deposited and implanted molybdenum thin films with different thickness is illustrated in Figure 11. The increase in resistivity after nitrogen implantation is linked to the decreased crystalline quality of molybdenum thin films. After implantation, various grain

Performance optimization of a microwave-coupled plasma-based ultralow-energy ECR ion source for silicon nanostructuring

• Joy Mukherjee,
• Safiul Alam Mollick,
• Tanmoy Basu and
• Tapobrata Som

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 484–494, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.37

• nanopatterning and nanoscale functionalization have garnered significant interest, owing to their broad applications in DNA origami [10], tuning of wettability [11] and electrical and magnetic anisotropy [12][13], isolated dot formation [1], nanoscale plasmonic arrays [14], and field emission [15]. Thus, ion

Impact of adsorbate–substrate interaction on nanostructured thin films growth during low-pressure condensation

• Alina V. Dvornichenko,
• Vasyl O. Kharchenko and
• Dmitrii O. Kharchenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 473–483, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.36

• can have nanometer-scale linear dimensions [10][11]. Experimental observations showed that nanometer-scale vacancy islands can arrange into a perfect triangular lattice when a single monolayer of Ag is deposited on a Ru(0001) surface at room temperature [12]. Similar elongated nanometer-sized islands

Effect of additives on the synthesis efficiency of nanoparticles by laser-induced reduction

• Rikuto Kuroda,
• Takahiro Nakamura,
• Hideki Ina and
• Shuhei Shibata

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 464–472, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.35

• including electrode materials [1], conductive pastes [2][3], catalysts [4][5], sensors [6][7][8], and drug delivery systems [9]. The chemical reduction [10] and the solvothermal methods [11][12] are well known for synthesizing nanoparticles in large quantities at low cost, but these methods require the use

Synthetic-polymer-assisted antisense oligonucleotide delivery: targeted approaches for precision disease treatment

• Ana Cubillo Alvarez,
• Dylan Maguire and
• Ruairí P. Brannigan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 435–463, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.34

• oncological, autoimmune, and infectious conditions, where genetic expression plays a crucial role on the disease pathogenesis and prognosis [1][2][3][4]. In the past decades, several approaches including cell-based therapies [5][6][7], gene therapies [8][9], and RNA therapies [10][11] have been studied to

• levels. In addition to chemical functionality, studies have demonstrated the importance of the architectural structure of the PLL employed [73][74]. In a study on the delivery of the ASO 5′-TGGCGTCTTCCATTT-3′ (PS-ODN) to two cell lines, D407 (clone 6-2) and CV-1 (clone CV-11), both expressing luciferase

Quantification of lead through rod-shaped silver-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles using an electrochemical approach

• Ravinder Lamba,
• Gaurav Bhanjana,
• Neeraj Dilbaghi,
• Vivek Gupta and
• Sandeep Kumar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 422–434, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.33

• medicine, electronics, environmental remediation, and energy [10][11]. The use of certain metal dopants to modify the chemical, optical, and electrical features of a material has gained considerable interest in the realm of semiconductor technology. A recent study has conducted thorough investigations into

Biomimetics and bioinspired surfaces: from nature to theory and applications

• Rhainer Guillermo Ferreira,
• Thies H. Büscher,
• Manuela Rebora,
• Poramate Manoonpong,
• Zhendong Dai and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 418–421, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.32

• Blickhahn [11]. Most noteworthy, he will be remembered for his comprehensive books on the conceptualization and establishment of biomimetics as a scientific discipline, such as Biomechanik (biomechanics) [12], Bionik – Grundlagen und Beispiele für Ingenieure und Naturwissenschaftler (Biomimetics – basics

Size control of nanoparticles synthesized by pulsed laser ablation in liquids using donut-shaped beams

• Abdel Rahman Altakroury,
• Oleksandr Gatsa,
• Farbod Riahi,
• Zongwen Fu,
• Miroslava Flimelová,
• Andrei Samokhvalov,
• Stephan Barcikowski,
• Carlos Doñate-Buendía,
• Alexander V. Bulgakov and
• Bilal Gökce

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 407–417, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.31

• environmentally friendly, ensuring high chemical purity, and minimizing the need for precursors and stabilizers [11][12]. PLAL can be used to synthesize a wide range of metallic and non-metallic NPs, including alloys, (doped) oxides, and polymers [13][14][15]. PLAL allows for the generation of complex NPs with

• alloy. A certain degree of control over the NP size can be obtained by varying the laser parameters, such as fluence, wavelength, and pulse duration [11][25][30][31]. Doñate-Buendía et al. reduced the bimodality by employing a picosecond delayed double-pulse laser configuration [32]. In all the previous

ReactorAFM/STM – dynamic reactions on surfaces at elevated temperature and atmospheric pressure

• Tycho Roorda,
• Hamed Achour,
• Matthijs A. van Spronsen,
• Marta E. Cañas-Ventura,
• Sander B. Roobol,
• Willem Onderwaater,
• Mirthe Bergman,
• Peter van der Tuijn,
• Gertjan van Baarle,
• Johan W. Bakker,
• Joost W. M. Frenken and
• Irene M. N. Groot

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 397–406, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.30

• , a high-pressure ReactorSTM has been developed [10][11]. The pressures in the scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) reactor are orders of magnitude above UHV (up to several bar), rendering gas–catalyst interactions very significant and leading to differences in reaction mechanisms [12][13][14][15

• contact with the sample surface, the seal’s maximum temperature poses a reaction temperature limitation of 600 K [11]. The vacuum is maintained by a corrosion-resistant turbo pump as well as an ion pump. A gas cabinet for gas mixing, consisting of several rotating valves, mass flow controllers, and back

• and ReactorAFM [11][16]. Therefore, in this section we will only go briefly through the main aspects of the reactor setup. The AFM/STM insert, as shown in Figure 2a,b, demonstrates the following configuration: The microscope (highlighted in red in Figure 2a is suspended by springs and eddy current

Engineered PEG–PCL nanoparticles enable sensitive and selective detection of sodium dodecyl sulfate: a qualitative and quantitative analysis

• Soni Prajapati and
• Ranjana Singh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 385–396, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.29

• different applications [11]. The application of nanoparticles depends on the amount of capping agent adsorbed on the surface of the nanoparticles [12]. This suggests that quantifying the amount of surface capping, such as SDS, is necessary for designing nanoparticle-based applications. The food industry has

Development of a mucoadhesive drug delivery system and its interaction with gastric cells

• Ahmet Baki Sahin,
• Serdar Karakurt and
• Deniz Sezlev Bilecen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 371–384, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.28

• leakage of encapsulated drugs. These drawbacks make alginate challenging to be used in drug delivery applications [11][12]. Therefore, it is generally used together with other polymers, such as chitosan [13] or carboxymethyl cellulose [14], or it is modified with PEG-maleimide [15] to acquire mucoadhesion

• found to be (101.6 ± 11)%, indicating a viability similar to that of the control group. On the following two days, the viability values were (88 ± 5)% and (72.6 ± 11)%, respectively. No statistical significance was observed for the cellular viability after three days. Based on this result, it was

Vortex lattices of layered HTSCs at different vortex–vortex interaction potentials

• Valerii P. Lenkov,
• Anastasia N. Maksimova,
• Anna N. Moroz and
• Vladimir A. Kashurnikov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 362–370, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.27

• with respect to the superconducting planes. The phase diagram of the vortex system becomes even more complex in an inclined magnetic field. As studies [9][10][11] have shown, the structure of the vortex lattice depends on the anisotropy parameter of the superconductor in the form of the Josephson

• Josephson vortices disappear, and a regular lattice of inclined Abrikosov vortices remains. In the first case, Josephson vortices can impart a zigzag shape to Abrikosov vortices; this shape, as shown in [9][10][11], leads to effective attraction of vortex filaments. At close distances (less than λ), short

Pulsed laser in liquid grafting of gold nanoparticle–carbon support composites

• Madeleine K. Wilsey,
• Teona Taseska,
• Qishen Lyu,
• Connor P. Cox and
• Astrid M. Müller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 349–361, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.26

• -term stability. A widely used ionomer binder is Nafion, which is highly acidic [11] and can corrode earth-abundant catalysts that are not acid-stable [12]. Ionomer binders can additionally lead to undesired side reactions, thus reducing the energy efficiency for the desired transformation [13

• ]. Alkaline electrolytes can decrease acid-based side reactions but alter Nafion [11][14], impeding ion conductivity and overall performance [5]. Adding binders additionally complicates reaction mechanisms and introduces competing pathways or by-products [5]. Further challenges in traditional nanoparticle