The aminoindanol core as a key scaffold in bifunctional organocatalysts

• Isaac G. Sonsona,
• Eugenia Marqués-López and
• Raquel P. Herrera

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2016, 12, 505–523, doi:10.3762/bjoc.12.50

• also belong to a class of privileged pharmaceutical scaffolds and exhibit different biological activities, as it is the case of Crixivan [37][38], an HIV protease inhibitor which has been employed for AIDS treatment. The thermodynamic unfavorable cis conformation of these compounds represents a

Continuous formation of N-chloro-N,N-dialkylamine solutions in well-mixed meso-scale flow reactors

• A. John Blacker and
• Katherine E. Jolley

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 2408–2417, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.262

• promotes product formation. Within batch or continuous stirred tank reactors an increase in mixing intensity is achieved with optimised impellor design and speed, alongside a reactor designed to disrupt the flow and increase turbulence. Within meso-scale tubular reactors the addition of in-line aids such

Ruthenium indenylidene “1^st generation” olefin metathesis catalysts containing triisopropyl phosphite

• Stefano Guidone,
• Fady Nahra,
• Alexandra M. Z. Slawin and
• Catherine S. J. Cazin

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 1520–1527, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.166

• phosphine/phosphite 1 and phosphine-based Ind-I in the RCM of 4 (lines are visual aids and not curve fits). Synthesis of the mixed phosphine/phosphite complex 1. Synthesis of the bis-phosphite complex 2. Selected bond distances (Å) and angles (°) for 1, 2 and cis-Caz-1. Scope of the reaction employing 1 and

Consequences of the electronic tuning of latent ruthenium-based olefin metathesis catalysts on their reactivity

• Karolina Żukowska,
• Eva Pump,
• Aleksandra E. Pazio,
• Krzysztof Woźniak,
• Luigi Cavallo and
• Christian Slugovc

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 1458–1468, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.158

• and 15. Lines are intended as visual aids. Composition of a reaction mixture after subjecting 16 to 5 mol % cis-5a in xylene, 140 °C. Lines are intended as visual aids. Monomers utilized in model ROMP reactions. Number-average molecular weight (Mn) of poly-21 prepared with initiators 5a, 14 and 15

The synthesis of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) using continuous flow chemistry

• Marcus Baumann and
• Ian R. Baxendale

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 1194–1219, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.134

• its capacity to run as an uninterrupted process is certainly limited by the solid-phase scavengers employed as purification aids. The stoichiometric scavenging capacity of many of these species coupled with their limited loadings does restrict the quantities of material which can be generated in a run

Morita–Baylis–Hillman reaction of acrylamide with isatin derivatives

• Radhey M. Singh,
• Kishor Chandra Bharadwaj and
• Dharmendra Kumar Tiwari

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 2975–2980, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.315

• called MBH adducts. These are versatile synthons as they constitute several functionalities within close proximity, which aids in further synthetic transformations. Thus, as expected, the reaction has emerged as a powerful synthetic tool. It has seen exponential growth in several directions involving not

Encapsulation of biocides by cyclodextrins: toward synergistic effects against pathogens

• Véronique Nardello-Rataj and
• Loïc Leclercq

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 2603–2622, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.273

Glycosystems in nanotechnology: Gold glyconanoparticles as carrier for anti-HIV prodrugs

• Fabrizio Chiodo,
• Marco Marradi,
• Javier Calvo,
• Eloisa Yuste and
• Soledad Penadés

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 1339–1346, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.136

• Miramón 182, 20009, San Sebastián, Spain Technological Platform of Mass Spectrometry, CIC biomaGUNE, Paseo Miramón 182, 20009, San Sebastián, Spain AIDS Research Unit, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain HIVACAT, Barcelona, Spain 10.3762/bjoc.10.136 Abstract The

• glyconanoparticles as a new multifunctional drug-delivery system in the therapy against HIV. Keywords: drug-delivery system; gold glyconanoparticles; HAART; HIV; multivalent glycosystems; reverse transcriptase inhibitors; Introduction Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), caused by human immunodeficiency

The renaissance of organic radical chemistry – deja vu all over again

• Corey R. J. Stephenson,
• Armido Studer and
• Dennis P. Curran

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2013, 9, 2778–2780, doi:10.3762/bjoc.9.312

• Radical Chemistry and other sources serve as maps to drive organic radical research in new directions. Like old maps of the earth, these maps are also inevitably incomplete and at times inconsistent. But they are powerful aids to help you understand both where you are and where you are going. Or, you can

Bioinspired total synthesis of katsumadain A by organocatalytic enantioselective 1,4-conjugate addition

• Yongguang Wang,
• Ruiyang Bao,
• Shengdian Huang and
• Yefeng Tang

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2013, 9, 1601–1606, doi:10.3762/bjoc.9.182

• Yongguang Wang Ruiyang Bao Shengdian Huang Yefeng Tang The Comprehensive AIDS Research Center, Department of Pharmacology & Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China 10.3762/bjoc.9.182 Abstract Katsumadain A, a naturally occurring influenza virus

Camera-enabled techniques for organic synthesis

• Steven V. Ley,
• Richard J. Ingham,
• Matthew O’Brien and
• Duncan L. Browne

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2013, 9, 1051–1072, doi:10.3762/bjoc.9.118

• for a “Lab of the Future” [16][17][18] we anticipate further integration of a multitude of wirelessly connected devices such as environmental sensors, tablet computers for displaying and recording data, and novel information aids such as safety goggles incorporating head-up displays, which might be

Study on the total synthesis of velbanamine: Chemoselective dioxygenation of alkenes with PIFA via a stop-and-flow strategy

• Huili Liu,
• Kuan Zheng,
• Xiang Lu,
• Xiaoxia Wang and
• Ran Hong

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2013, 9, 983–990, doi:10.3762/bjoc.9.113

• of trans/cis of 1.9:1. Compound 25a can be easily converted into the key intermediate in the synthesis of indinavir, a protease inhibitor used as a component of a highly active antiretroviral therapy to treat HIV infection and AIDS [69]. When two alkene groups exist in 24b–d, the terminal alkene

Peptides presenting the binding site of human CD4 for the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp120

• Julia Meier,
• Kristin Kassler,
• Heinrich Sticht and
• Jutta Eichler

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2012, 8, 1858–1866, doi:10.3762/bjoc.8.214

• . Molecules that are capable of inhibiting the CD4–gp120 interaction are promising candidates for HIV-1-entry inhibitors, an upcoming class of AIDS therapeutics that offer an alternative to the clinically established anti-HIV-1 drugs, which are mainly inhibitors of HIV-1-encoded enzymes (protease, reverse

The use of glycoinformatics in glycochemistry

• Thomas Lütteke

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2012, 8, 915–929, doi:10.3762/bjoc.8.104

• carbohydrate residue check (pdb-care) tool [88] aids researchers with locating errors in carbohydrate 3D structures (3D structure-related tools are summarized in Table 4). Ramachandran-like plots of glycosidic torsions are generated by CARP [89], which compares torsions observed in a given 3D structure with

2-Allylphenyl glycosides as complementary building blocks for oligosaccharide and glycoconjugate synthesis

• Hemali D. Premathilake and
• Alexei V. Demchenko

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2012, 8, 597–605, doi:10.3762/bjoc.8.66

• and viral infections, development of tumors, metastasis, tissue rejection, congenital disorders). The fact that many of these processes are directly associated with the pathogenesis of deadly diseases, including AIDS, cancer, pneumonia, septicemia, hepatitis and malaria [2][3][4], has been

Catalyst-free and solvent-free Michael addition of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds to nitroalkenes by a grinding method

• Zong-Bo Xie,
• Na Wang,
• Ming-Yu Wu,
• Ting He,
• Zhang-Gao Le and
• Xiao-Qi Yu

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2012, 8, 534–538, doi:10.3762/bjoc.8.61

• . Surprisingly, a great quantity of Michael product 3a was obtained after 5 min of grinding. Then a number of powdered substances were screened, such as KBr, quartz sand, Al2O3, kieselguhr, active carbon, and so on. From Figure 1, it was found that all tested grinding aids could promote the reaction to different

• degrees, and the primary reason may be that the two reactants could come into contact more effectively after dispersion by the grinding aids. It was found that kieselguhr was slightly better than quartz sand in terms of grinding efficiency, and both gave excellent yields. Although kieselguhr is often used

• of column chromatography. The grinding effect of different grinding aids. Conditions: β-nitrostyrene (14.9 mg, 0.1 mmol), 1,3-cyclopentanedione (9.8 mg, 0.1 mmol), grinding aid (0.50 g), ground for 10 min and then allowed to stand for a further 10 min. Yields were determined by HPLC. Yields of the

Manganese dioxide mediated one-pot synthesis of methyl 9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole-1-carboxylate: Concise synthesis of alangiobussinine

• Jessica Baiget,
• Sabin Llona-Minguez,
• Stuart Lang,
• Simon P. MacKay,
• Colin J. Suckling and
• Oliver B. Sutcliffe

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2011, 7, 1407–1411, doi:10.3762/bjoc.7.164

• important class of naturally occurring compounds containing the β-carboline motif found in a number of biologically active molecules, and which have recently been shown to be active against Alzheimer’s disease [1][2], bacterial infection [3], inflammation [4][5], HIV and AIDS [6] and various forms of

Synthesis of diverse dihydropyrimidine-related scaffolds by fluorous benzaldehyde-based Biginelli reaction and post-condensation modifications

• Bruno Piqani and
• Wei Zhang

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2011, 7, 1294–1298, doi:10.3762/bjoc.7.150

• leads for AIDS therapies [2]. The Biginelli reaction of a β-keto ester, an aldehyde, and urea is considered as one of the most efficient ways to synthesize dihydropyrimidinones [3]. This acid-catalyzed reaction can be conducted under conventional or microwave heating [4][5]. Reported in this paper is a

An overview of the key routes to the best selling 5-membered ring heterocyclic pharmaceuticals

• Marcus Baumann,
• Ian R. Baxendale,
• Steven V. Ley and
• Nikzad Nikbin

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2011, 7, 442–495, doi:10.3762/bjoc.7.57

Synthesis of glycoconjugate fragments of mycobacterial phosphatidylinositol mannosides and lipomannan

• Benjamin Cao,
• Jonathan M. White and
• Spencer J. Williams

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2011, 7, 369–377, doi:10.3762/bjoc.7.47

• ; tuberculosis; Introduction The incidence of TB is now at an all-time historical high with over 2 billion people infected globally [1]. TB is the leading infectious killer of people with HIV/AIDS and is second only to HIV/AIDS as an infectious cause of death for adults [2]. It is sobering that it has been more

Synthesis of some novel hydrazono acyclic nucleoside analogues

• Mohammad N. Soltani Rad,
• Ali Khalafi-Nezhad and
• Somayeh Behrouz

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2010, 6, No. 49, doi:10.3762/bjoc.6.49

• ; hydrazone; ketone; miconazole; Introduction In recent years, fungal infections have become an important complication and a major cause of morbidity and mortality in immune-compromised individuals who suffer from tuberculosis, cancer or AIDS, and who undergo organ transplants [1][2]. Up to now, there has

Dipyridodiazepinone derivatives; synthesis and anti HIV-1 activity

• Nisachon Khunnawutmanotham,
• Nitirat Chimnoi,
• Arunee Thitithanyanont,
• Patchreenart Saparpakorn,
• Kiattawee Choowongkomon,
• Pornpan Pungpo,
• Supa Hannongbua and
• Supanna Techasakul

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2009, 5, No. 36, doi:10.3762/bjoc.5.36

• : AIDS; anti HIV-1 RT; dipyridodiazepinone; nevirapine; synthesis; Introduction Dipyridodiazepinone nevirapine (1) [1] (Figure 1) is a potent non-nucleoside inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase (HIV-1 RT) and is approved as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of AIDS

• the help of Dr. Carrie Dykes of the University of Rochester, New York for the mutant clones, K103N and Y181C; and Dr. Hiroaki Mitsuya of the HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, USA for the WT clone.

Sordarin, an antifungal agent with a unique mode of action

• Huan Liang

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2008, 4, No. 31, doi:10.3762/bjoc.4.31

• immunosuppressed patients, especially those suffering from AIDS or cancer, fungal infections have become a significant, often life-threatening problem [1][2]. Present treatments rely on antifungals such as polyene antibiotics (amphotericin B), nucleoside analogs (5-fluorocytosine) and azoles (fluoconazole

Vinylogous Mukaiyama aldol reactions with 4-oxy-2-trimethylsilyloxypyrroles: relevance to castanospermine synthesis

• Roger Hunter,
• Sophie C. M. Rees-Jones and
• Hong Su

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2007, 3, No. 38, doi:10.1186/1860-5397-3-38

• (Figure 2). The latter is an indolizidine alkaloid that has received significant attention from the synthetic organic community in view of its potent biological activity as an α- and β-glycosidase inhibitor with promising anti-diabetic,[19] anti-cancer,[20] anti-viral [21] and anti-AIDS activity.[22] The

Synthesis and glycosidase inhibitory activity of new hexa- substituted C8-glycomimetics

• Olivia Andriuzzi,
• Christine Gravier-Pelletier,
• Gildas Bertho,
• Thierry Prangé and
• Yves Le Merrer

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2005, 1, No. 12, doi:10.1186/1860-5397-1-12

• as diabetes, cancer and viral infections including AIDS. Thus, inhibition of intestinal α-glucosidases can be used to treat diabetes through the lowering of blood glucose levels, and α-glucosidase inhibitors are being marketed against type 2 (non-insulinodependent mellitus) diabetes (i.e.: Glyset® or