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Search for "fungi" in Full Text gives 180 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry.
Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of 1H-1,2,3-triazole and carboxylate analogues of metronidazole
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 2377–2384, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.154
- inhibition zones were recorded after 7 days of treatment and compared with growth area of fungi growing in control conditions. Antibacterial activity To determine the bacterial growth inhibiting effects of compounds, bacterial OD600 was measured at different time points i.e., 12, 24, 36 and 48 h (Figure 8
Progress and challenges in the synthesis of sequence controlled polysaccharides
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 1981–2025, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.129
- present in the cell-wall of fungi and yeasts, and are major polysaccharides in brown seaweeds (laminarins) [111]. Due to their immunostimulating, antibacterial and antitumor activities, linear and branched β(1–3)-glucans have become interesting synthetic targets. Since several reports highlighted the
- chitosan Chitin is a linear polysaccharide composed of β(1–4)-linked 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-ᴅ-glucopyranose (GlcNAc) repeating units, which mainly exists in the exoskeleton of crustaceans and insects, as well as in the cell-wall of fungi [209][210]. Chitosan, its partially N-deacetylated analogue, has vast
Natural products in the predatory defence of the filamentous fungal pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 1814–1827, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.124
- Jena, Jena, Germany 10.3762/bjoc.17.124 Abstract The kingdom of fungi comprises a large and highly diverse group of organisms that thrive in diverse natural environments. One factor to successfully confront challenges in their natural habitats is the capability to synthesize defensive secondary
- metabolites. The genetic potential for the production of secondary metabolites in fungi is high and numerous potential secondary metabolite gene clusters have been identified in sequenced fungal genomes. Their production may well be regulated by specific ecological conditions, such as the presence of
- ; non-ribosomal peptides; polyketides; secondary metabolism; virulence; Introduction To thrive in their natural habitats all organisms from bacteria and fungi to plants and animals need access to sufficient nutritional sources and have to defend themselves against both, competitors and predators
Volatile emission and biosynthesis in endophytic fungi colonizing black poplar leaves
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 1698–1711, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.118
- , Institute of Forest Sciences, University of Freiburg, Fohrenbühl 27, 79252 Stegen-Wittental, Germany 10.3762/bjoc.17.118 Abstract Plant volatiles play a major role in plant–insect interactions as defense compounds or attractants for insect herbivores. Recent studies have shown that endophytic fungi are
- thaliana [16]. Besides terpenoids, other plant VOCs are also known to mediate plant–insect interactions. For instance, 2-phenylethanol (3) is a typical attractant for pollinators, but is also involved in direct and indirect plant defense [17][18][19]. Endophytic microorganisms are fungi or bacteria that
- ]. Endophytic fungi themselves can produce VOCs. Currently, around 300 fungal VOCs have been characterized, including aliphatic alcohols, ketones, aldehydes, acids and esters, terpenoids, benzenoids, naphthalene derivatives, and cycloalkanes [25][26][27]. Endophytic fungal VOCs are frequently described to
Chemical approaches to discover the full potential of peptide nucleic acids in biomedical applications
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 1641–1688, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.116
Analogs of the carotane antibiotic fulvoferruginin from submerged cultures of a Thai Marasmius sp.
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 1385–1391, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.97
- : antibiotics; Basidiomycota; carotane; fulvoferruginin; Marasmius; sesquiterpenoid; Introduction The family Marasmiaceae (Agaricomycetes, Basidiomycota) presently contains ten genera with Marasmius Fr. being the predominant one (currently comprising over 600 recognized species). Most of these fungi are
- ]. In addition, the recent finding that multiple copies of the rDNA can be present in one and the same genome of certain fungi, leading to up to more than 10% deviations [12], makes us suspicious about the validity of the previous classification of the Chinese “Gymnopus” species. Taking also other
- assay in 96-well microtiter plates with YM6.3 media (10 g/L malt extract, 4 g/L glucose, 4 g/L yeast extract, pH 6.3) for filamentous fungi and yeasts, and with BD DifcoTM Mueller Hinton Broth for bacteria. The antimicrobial assays were performed as previously described [13]. Cytotoxicity assay The
N-tert-Butanesulfinyl imines in the asymmetric synthesis of nitrogen-containing heterocycles
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 1096–1140, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.86
Breakdown of 3-(allylsulfonio)propanoates in bacteria from the Roseobacter group yields garlic oil constituents
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 569–580, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.51
- ]. For the macroalga Ulva mutabilis the presence of bacteria from the Roseobacter group is even mandatory for proper algal development, and 3-(dimethylsulfonio)propanoate (DMSP) is used as a chemotactic signal by the bacteria attracting them towards the algal host [12]. Many bacteria and fungi also
Total synthesis of decarboxyaltenusin
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 224–228, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.22
- -Leopoldshafen, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Germany 10.3762/bjoc.17.22 Abstract The total synthesis of decarboxyaltenusin (5’-methoxy-6-methyl-[1,1’-biphenyl]-3,3’,4-triol), a toxin produced by various mold fungi, has been achieved in seven steps in a yield of 31% starting from 4-methylcatechol and 1-bromo
Secondary metabolites of Bacillus subtilis impact the assembly of soil-derived semisynthetic bacterial communities
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 2983–2998, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.248
- nutrient availability and geochemical features [9]. Therefore, soil consists of microbial hotspots, indicating faster process rates than the average soil [10]. One such microbial hotspot is the rhizosphere, harbouring microbial communities where various interactions between bacteria, fungi, and plants take
- growth promoting and plant health improving properties by suppressing plant pathogenic bacteria and fungi [31]. However, it is not completely understood how soil-administered Bacillus spp. affect the indigenous microbial communities. Gadhave et al. have shown that the supplementation of B. subtilis
- primarily against various filamentous fungi [47][48][49][50][51]. The broad-spectrum antibiotic bacillaene, synthesised by the pksB-S gene cluster, is mainly targeting bacterial protein synthesis [52]. Still, it was also shown that it could protect cells and spores from predation [53]. We recently
On the mass spectrometric fragmentations of the bacterial sesterterpenes sestermobaraenes A–C
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 2807–2819, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.231
- related techniques the volatiles from many bacteria, fungi, and plants have been investigated [8][9][10], which provides rapid information about the production of volatile terpenes. This information is particularly useful in the combination with the genome sequences of the producing organism, because it
Nocarimidazoles C and D, antimicrobial alkanoylimidazoles from a coral-derived actinomycete Kocuria sp.: application of 1JC,H coupling constants for the unequivocal determination of substituted imidazoles and stereochemical diversity of anteisoalkyl chains in microbial metabolites
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 2719–2727, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.222
- -enantiomers with a ratio of 73:27, 4 is the pure (S)-enantiomer, and 5 is the (S)-enantiomer with 98% ee. The present study illustrates the diversity in the stereochemistry of anteiso branching in bacterial metabolites. Compounds 1−4 were moderately antimicrobial against Gram-positive bacteria and fungi, with
- the same as those for 1 (Table 1). The antimicrobial activity of 1–4 was tested against Gram-positive bacteria Kocuria rhizophila and Staphylococcus aureus, Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli and Rhizobium radiobacter, a yeast Candida albicans, and two fungi Glomerella cingulata and Trichophyton
- rubrum (Table 2). All compounds exhibited moderate activity against Gram-positive bacteria with MICs of 6.25–12.5 μg/mL but were inactive against Gram-negative bacteria. The compounds 1–4 were also active against the yeast and fungi, with MIC values ranging from 6.25–25 μg/mL. In addition, the compounds
Palladium nanoparticles supported on chitin-based nanomaterials as heterogeneous catalysts for the Heck coupling reaction
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 2477–2483, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.201
- has attracted similar attention to cellulose. Found primarily in squid, insects, fungi, and the shells of crustaceans (shrimp, crab, and lobster), chitin is the second-most abundant biopolymer after cellulose, with an annual availability of over 6 million tons from crustacean shell waste alone [12
Muyocopronones A and B: azaphilones from the endophytic fungus Muyocopron laterale
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 2100–2107, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.177
- fungal metabolites produced by Muyocopron spp. Thus, as part of our research into the natural products produced by plant-associated fungi [13][14][15], we isolated two new azaphilones from the cultures of an endophytic fungus, namely Muyocopron laterale ECN279. Herein, the isolation, structural
Synthesis, docking study and biological evaluation of ᴅ-fructofuranosyl and ᴅ-tagatofuranosyl sulfones as potential inhibitors of the mycobacterial galactan synthesis targeting the galactofuranosyltransferase GlfT2
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 1853–1862, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.152
- galactofuranose (Galf) residues linked by alternating β-(1→5)- and β-(1→6)-glycosidic bonds [4]. The Galf monomer is restricted to some bacteria, fungi and a few protozoan species, and it seems to be absent in humans [5]. The enzymes participating in the galactan build-up could thus be considered as potential
Antibacterial scalarane from Doriprismatica stellata nudibranchs (Gastropoda, Nudibranchia), egg ribbons, and their dietary sponge Spongia cf. agaricina (Demospongiae, Dictyoceratida)
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 1596–1605, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.132
- for a wide chemodiversity of terpenoid natural products [14][81]. Besides, the marine fungi Penicillium spp. and Aspergillus spp. are often associated with sponge hosts and were found to produce various terpenoids as well [15][82][83]. Hence, if sponges are not the origin of these metabolites, it is
4-Hydroxy-3-methyl-2(1H)-quinolone, originally discovered from a Brassicaceae plant, produced by a soil bacterium of the genus Burkholderia sp.: determination of a preferred tautomer and antioxidant activity
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 1489–1494, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.124
- basically free-living aerobes inhabiting soil and freshwater, but some are also found in the tissues of animals, plants, or fungi as pathogens or beneficial symbionts [12]. Not only as the subjects of human/animal health care and plant pathology [13], but they are now gathering significant attention as an
- immunity [33], among which redox enzymes and antioxidants are the direct countermeasures to neutralize the toxicity of ROS [34]. Limited examples of antioxidants include catecholamine melanin from a fungus Cryptococcus neoformans [35], 1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene melanin from fungi Wangiella dermatitidis and
- Alternaria alternata [36], staphyloxanthin from a firmicute Staphylococcus aureus [37], vitamin B6 from fungi Cercospora nicotianae, [38] and Rhizoctonia solani [39], and a melanin-like pigment from Burkholderia cenocepacia [40]. The antioxidant activity of 1 was evaluated using the luminol chemiluminescence
Fabclavine diversity in Xenorhabdus bacteria
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 956–965, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.84
- . budapestensis and X. szentirmaii, and a 50 kb biosynthesis gene cluster (BGC) was identified to be responsible for their formation (Figure 1) [20]. These compounds were of special interest because of their broad-spectrum bioactivity against Gram-positive and -negative bacteria, fungi, and protozoa [20][21
Absolute configurations of talaromycones A and B, α-diversonolic ester, and aspergillusone B from endophytic Talaromyces sp. ECN211
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 290–296, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.28
- first time in over 50 years. Keywords: absolute configuration; endophytic fungus; glauconic acid; Talaromyces; tetrahydroxanthone; xanthenedione; Introduction The xanthones, which are a class of phenolic compounds produced by many different organisms, including plants, lichens, fungi, and bacteria
- , occur as completely aromatized (xanthones in the narrow sense), dihydro, tetrahydro, and hexahydro derivatives [1]. Tetrahydroxanthones produced by fungi are encountered as the monomeric units of multiple dimeric xanthones, including the actinoplanones, albofungins, beticolins, and ergochromes (synonyms
- ) lack the evidence that supports their assignments, i.e., the absolute configurations of α-diversonolic ester (3), aspergillusone B (4), and their related compounds are still unknown. As part of our research into compounds produced by endophytic fungi in Japan [7][8][9], we isolated two new diversonolic
Pigmentosins from Gibellula sp. as antibiofilm agents and a new glycosylated asperfuran from Cordyceps javanica
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 2968–2981, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.293
- , Thailand Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90112, Thailand 10.3762/bjoc.15.293 Abstract In the course of our exploration of the Thai invertebrate-pathogenic fungi for biologically active metabolites, pigmentosin A (1) and a new bis(naphtho-α-pyrone
- products; spider-parasitic fungi; Introduction Nosocomial infections are often associated with the presence of S. aureus, generally transmitted either by direct contact with carriers or by medical procedures [1]. S. aureus is commonly considered as a cause of tissue-associated and medical device-related
- in combination with biofilm inhibitors [7]. Since finding an effective strategy to control biofilm formation remains a challenge, the effort to search for an effective antibiofilm agent was herein made. Invertebrate-pathogenic fungi, in particular the spider-pathogenic fungi, have recently proved to
Two new aromatic polyketides from a sponge-derived Fusarium
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 2941–2947, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.289
- program from marine fungi, two new aromatic polyketides karimunones A (1) and B (2) and five known compounds (3–7) were isolated from sponge-associated Fusarium sp. KJMT.FP.4.3 which was collected from an Indonesian sponge Xestospongia sp. The structures of these compounds were determined by the analysis
- sponges in massive amounts leads to environmental disturbance since marine sponges play a key role in building coral reefs [3][4]. As a filter feeder, sponges host an enormous amount of microorganisms including algae, bacteria, actinomycetes, and fungi [5][6][7]. Many of these microorganisms produce
- structurally unique secondary metabolites with various biological activities [8][9]. Specifically, sponge-associated fungi are attracting substantial attention because of their high capability of producing a wide range of bioactive compounds [5][10][11]. As a tropical country, Indonesia is known as the second
Bacterial terpene biosynthesis: challenges and opportunities for pathway engineering
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 2889–2906, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.283
- metabolites on the planet. To date more than 70,000 terpenoids (dictionary of natural products) have been characterized and grouped into more than 400 structural families – the vast majority of which have been isolated from plants and fungi [1]. Their structural diversity reflects the breadth of their
- reported [40]. In fact, different pathways have evolved in plants, fungi, and bacteria for this fascinating compound family in an extreme case of convergent evolution [41][42]. While the plant and fungal biosynthetic pathways are well studied [42], the bacterial pathway was studied to a lesser degree until
Emission and biosynthesis of volatile terpenoids from the plasmodial slime mold Physarum polycephalum
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 2872–2880, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.281
- communication [1][2]. Rapid progress has been made in our understanding of the VOC world of microbes, especially bacteria [3][4] and fungi [5][6]. Not only the chemical diversity of microbial VOCs is continuingly to be discovered, our understanding of their biosynthesis is also growing rapidly [7][8]. Among the
- and gene expression patterns, the products of most DdTPSs were released as volatiles from D. discoideum at the multicellular developmental stage [14][15]. TPS genes previously were known to exist only in bacteria, fungi, and plants [13][17][18]. The identification of TPS genes in dictyostelid social
- (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S2). Relatedness of PpolyTPSs to the TPSs from dictyostelid social amoebae, fungi, and bacteria When individual PpolyTPS genes were used as query to search against the nonredundant protein database at NCBI, the top hits for PpolyTPS2 and PpolyTPS3 were all from bacteria
Skeletocutins M–Q: biologically active compounds from the fruiting bodies of the basidiomycete Skeletocutis sp. collected in Africa
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 2782–2789, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.270
- 3 and 5 were observed to weakly inhibit the biofilm formation by S. aureus and constrain inhibitory activity of ʟ-Leu-AMC hydrolysis in KB 3.1 cells. There have been relatively few studies on the production of secondary metabolites in mycelial cultures vs fruiting bodies in higher fungi, but so far
Nanangenines: drimane sesquiterpenoids as the dominant metabolite cohort of a novel Australian fungus, Aspergillus nanangensis
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 2631–2643, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.256
- bacteria, fungi, mammalian cells and plants. Bioinformatics analysis, including comparative analysis with other acyl drimenol-producing Aspergilli, led to the identification of a putative nanangenine biosynthetic gene cluster that corresponds to the proposed biosynthetic pathway for nanangenines. Keywords
- , sponges, molluscs and other fungi as well and possess a wide range of bioactivities [24]. The drimane sesquiterpenoids isolated from Aspergillus spp. have exhibited in vitro anti-inflammatory [5] and antiviral [22] activities as well as cytotoxicity against several mammalian cell lines [4][16][22
- Aspergillus type species) and unidentified but metabolically talented fungi (>60,000 spectra from 3,000 species) returned no similar metabolite cohorts, suggesting an unknown species. Individual retention time/UV–vis searches of the dominant 15 secondary metabolites against our in-house pure metabolite
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