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Search for "quantum yield" in Full Text gives 198 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry.

CuAAC-inspired synthesis of 1,2,3-triazole-bridged porphyrin conjugates: an overview

  • Dileep Kumar Singh

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 349–379, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.29

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  • albumin and LDL. Furthermore, the Zn and Pd porphyrin complexes revealed a good capability to yield singlet oxygen (quantum yield >70%) and exhibited significant photoinduced cytotoxicity. In another report, Prakash Rao et al. [65] highlighted the click protocol to accomplish the synthesis of hydrogenated
  • transfer quantum yield of 0.98. These conjugates could be useful in light-harvesting applications because of their optical characteristics. In 2008, Liu et al. [67] nicely demonstrated Cu(I)-catalyzed click chemistry for the synthesis of tetrakis(PM-β-CD)-modified zinc(II) porphyrin 166a and tetra(β-CD
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Published 22 Mar 2023

Naphthalimide-phenothiazine dyads: effect of conformational flexibility and matching of the energy of the charge-transfer state and the localized triplet excited state on the thermally activated delayed fluorescence

  • Kaiyue Ye,
  • Liyuan Cao,
  • Davita M. E. van Raamsdonk,
  • Zhijia Wang,
  • Jianzhang Zhao,
  • Daniel Escudero and
  • Denis Jacquemin

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 1435–1453, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.149

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  • can be controlled. The singlet oxygen quantum yield (ΦΔ) of NI-PTZ is moderate in n-hexane (HEX, ΦΔ = 19%). TADF was observed for the dyads, the biexponential luminescence lifetime are 16.0 ns (99.9%)/14.4 μs (0.1%) for the dyad and 7.2 ns (99.6%)/2.0 μs (0.4%) for the triad. Triplet state was
  • were recorded with an FS5 spectrofluorometer (Edinburgh instruments Ltd., U.K.). Fluorescence quantum yields (ΦF) were measured by an absolute photoluminescence quantum yield spectrometer (Quantaurus-QY Plus C13534-11, Hamamatsu Ltd., Japan). Luminescence lifetimes of compounds were recorded with an
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Published 11 Oct 2022

Ionic multiresonant thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters for light emitting electrochemical cells

  • Merve Karaman,
  • Abhishek Kumar Gupta,
  • Subeesh Madayanad Suresh,
  • Tomas Matulaitis,
  • Lorenzo Mardegan,
  • Daniel Tordera,
  • Henk J. Bolink,
  • Sen Wu,
  • Stuart Warriner,
  • Ifor D. Samuel and
  • Eli Zysman-Colman

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 1311–1321, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.136

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  • for other donor decorated MR-TADF emitters [34][35][36]. The photoluminescence quantum yield, ΦPL, in MeCN for DiKTa-OBuIm is 48% which decreases in air to 34%. The emission is much weaker in DiKTa-DPA-OBuIm, reflecting both the smaller oscillator strength of the transition to S1 and the greater non
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Published 22 Sep 2022

Thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters: sensing and boosting spin-flipping by aggregation

  • Ashish Kumar Mazumdar,
  • Gyana Prakash Nanda,
  • Nisha Yadav,
  • Upasana Deori,
  • Upasha Acharyya,
  • Bahadur Sk and
  • Pachaiyappan Rajamalli

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 1177–1187, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.122

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  • base fumes, etc. [10][11]. However, the fluorescence quantum yield of such emitters in the solid state is relatively low due to the aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) effect [12][13][14] and limits practical applications. Hence, metal-free emitters with high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) in
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Published 08 Sep 2022

Synthesis, optical and electrochemical properties of (D–π)2-type and (D–π)2Ph-type fluorescent dyes

  • Kosuke Takemura,
  • Kazuki Ohira,
  • Taiki Higashino,
  • Keiichi Imato and
  • Yousuke Ooyama

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 1047–1054, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.106

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  • and fluorescence maximum wavelengths (λmax,abs and λmax,fl) of OTT-2 appear in a longer wavelength region than those of OTK-2. The fluorescence quantum yield (Φfl) of OTT-2 is 0.41, which is higher than that (Φfl = 0.36) of OTK-2. In the solid state OTT-2 shows relatively intense fluorescence
  • fluorescence quantum yield (Φfl) of OTK-2 are comparable to those of the (D–π)2A-type fluorescent dyes. More recently, we found that the (D–π)2-type fluorescent dye OTT-2 consisting of two D–π moieties is derived by oxidative homocoupling of a stannyl D–π unit. There is an obvious structural difference between
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Published 18 Aug 2022

Introducing a new 7-ring fused diindenone-dithieno[3,2-b:2',3'-d]thiophene unit as a promising component for organic semiconductor materials

  • Valentin H. K. Fell,
  • Joseph Cameron,
  • Alexander L. Kanibolotsky,
  • Eman J. Hussien and
  • Peter J. Skabara

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 944–955, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.94

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  • a certain application, for example where charge transport is more important than photoluminescence quantum yield or vice versa. Introducing alkyl chains can provide solubility, enabling facile solution processing, such as device printing techniques [13]. Hence, there is an ongoing interest in
  • , we published a series of ‘bent’ diindenodithienothiophene derivatives (2–4, Figure 2) [16]. It was observed that oxidising the central sulfur atom significantly increased the solution photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) from 0.004 (3) to 0.72 (4). The diketo derivative 5 of compound 2 has been
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Published 01 Aug 2022

Thiophene/selenophene-based S-shaped double helicenes: regioselective synthesis and structures

  • Mengjie Wang,
  • Lanping Dang,
  • Wan Xu,
  • Zhiying Ma,
  • Liuliu Shao,
  • Guangxia Wang,
  • Chunli Li and
  • Hua Wang

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 809–817, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.81

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  • obviously differ because of changes in their molecular configuration and equal to 2.86, 3.15, and 3.81 eV, respectively [27][28]. As the number of selenium atoms increases from DH-1 to DH-3, the fluorescence intensity (Figure S19 in Supporting Information File 1) and the fluorescence quantum yield (ΦF
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Published 08 Jul 2022

Substituent effect on TADF properties of 2-modified 4,6-bis(3,6-di-tert-butyl-9-carbazolyl)-5-methylpyrimidines

  • Irina Fiodorova,
  • Tomas Serevičius,
  • Rokas Skaisgiris,
  • Saulius Juršėnas and
  • Sigitas Tumkevicius

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 497–507, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.52

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  • fluorescence quantum yield (ΦF) as well as radiative (kr) and non-radiative (knr) fluorescence decay rates (see Table 2). The ΦPF was typical for carbazole–pyrimidine TADF compounds [31][43][44], in the range of 0.01–0.07 and decreased for compounds with stronger acceptor units (see Figure S28b in Supporting
  • profiles of the DF decay. Unfortunately, TADF decay rates were inaccessible. Similar emission decay transients were also estimated for RTP compounds 2a and 2d both at singlet and triplet emission peaks (see Figure S31 in Supporting Information File 1). The largest DF quantum yield, ranging from 0.34–0.49
  • easily minimized, enabling rather efficient TADF. We have shown that electron-withdrawing substituents connected directly to the pyrimidine unit have a larger impact on TADF efficiency in comparison with those attached through a phenylene bridge. The largest delayed fluorescence quantum yield, ranging
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Published 05 May 2022

Comparative study of thermally activated delayed fluorescent properties of donor–acceptor and donor–acceptor–donor architectures based on phenoxazine and dibenzo[a,j]phenazine

  • Saika Izumi,
  • Prasannamani Govindharaj,
  • Anna Drewniak,
  • Paola Zimmermann Crocomo,
  • Satoshi Minakata,
  • Leonardo Evaristo de Sousa,
  • Piotr de Silva,
  • Przemyslaw Data and
  • Youhei Takeda

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 459–468, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.48

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  • the D–A compound 1 compared to POZ-DBPHZ reflects the contribution of an additional donor to relaxation of the molecular geometry in the excited state. The photoluminescence quantum yield (ΦPL) of the D–A compound 1 is lower (0.13 in cyclohexane) than that of the D–A–D compound POZ-DBPHZ (0.33) [17
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Published 25 Apr 2022

Effect of a twin-emitter design strategy on a previously reported thermally activated delayed fluorescence organic light-emitting diode

  • Ettore Crovini,
  • Zhen Zhang,
  • Yu Kusakabe,
  • Yongxia Ren,
  • Yoshimasa Wada,
  • Bilal A. Naqvi,
  • Prakhar Sahay,
  • Tomas Matulaitis,
  • Stefan Diesing,
  • Ifor D. W. Samuel,
  • Wolfgang Brütting,
  • Katsuaki Suzuki,
  • Hironori Kaji,
  • Stefan Bräse and
  • Eli Zysman-Colman

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 2894–2905, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.197

Graphical Abstract
  • nm compared to that of ICzTRZ at 475 nm and showed a comparable photoluminescence quantum yield of 57.1% in a 20 wt % CzSi film versus 63.3% for ICzTRZ. The emitter was then incorporated within a solution-processed organic light-emitting diode that showed a maximum external quantum efficiency of 8.4
  • % doped CzSi film of DICzTRZ emits in the blue at 488 nm and shows a photoluminescence quantum yield of 57.1%. The ΦPL of DICzTRZ is slightly lower than that of ICzTRZ (63% under N2 [14]), in line with its lower computed oscillator strength. DICzTRZ shows both prompt and delayed fluorescence, with a τp
  • , b) EL spectra and c) current density-voltage-luminance properties. Device efficiency simulation of the fabricated OLEDs depicting the variation in EQE with varied PL quantum yield (vertical axis) and anisotropy factor (horizontal axis). The predicted EQEs are indicated with pink and blue rectangular
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Published 08 Dec 2021

Photophysical, photostability, and ROS generation properties of new trifluoromethylated quinoline-phenol Schiff bases

  • Inaiá O. Rocha,
  • Yuri G. Kappenberg,
  • Wilian C. Rosa,
  • Clarissa P. Frizzo,
  • Nilo Zanatta,
  • Marcos A. P. Martins,
  • Isadora Tisoco,
  • Bernardo A. Iglesias and
  • Helio G. Bonacorso

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 2799–2811, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.191

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  • attributed to a greater electronic conjugation provided by the imine function present in the molecules of the series 3. Photostability and singlet oxygen quantum yield (ΦΔ) assays In order to be efficient for applications in photobiology, organic dyes must be stable when subjected to light irradiation for
  • -aminoquinolines and salicylaldehydes and an easy purification methodology with yields of up to 91%. Photophysical experiments with the derivatives exhibited common transitions in these heterocycle units and corroborated the aromatic structures and good fluorescence quantum yield values for all compounds
  • −5 M). Photooxidation rate constants and singlet oxygen quantum yield of compounds 3aa–fa and 3bb–be in DMSO solution. Supporting Information Supporting Information File 270: NMR spectra of the compounds, IR spectra, crystallographic data, photophysical and singlet oxygen spectra of new structures
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Published 01 Dec 2021

Synthesis and investigation on optical and electrochemical properties of 2,4-diaryl-9-chloro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroacridines

  • Najeh Tka,
  • Mohamed Adnene Hadj Ayed,
  • Mourad Ben Braiek,
  • Mahjoub Jabli and
  • Peter Langer

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 2450–2461, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.162

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  • given in Figure 4 and Figure 5, respectively. In addition, their plots of fluorescence intensities against absorbances are shown in Figure 6A and 6B. The tetrahydroacridine derivative 4b gave the highest fluorescence quantum yield of 8.2%. In order to elucidate the experimental observations and to
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Published 20 Sep 2021

Chemical approaches to discover the full potential of peptide nucleic acids in biomedical applications

  • Nikita Brodyagin,
  • Martins Katkevics,
  • Venubabu Kotikam,
  • Christopher A. Ryan and
  • Eriks Rozners

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 1641–1688, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.116

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  • emission intensity (dependent on the sequence context) upon hybridization with complementary DNA and RNA [145]. Another analogue, 5,6-BenzopC (Figure 10) had high quantum yield and superior base pairing properties, but its fluorescence was completely quenched upon hybridization with DNA and RNA [146
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Published 19 Jul 2021

2,4-Bis(arylethynyl)-9-chloro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroacridines: synthesis and photophysical properties

  • Najeh Tka,
  • Mohamed Adnene Hadj Ayed,
  • Mourad Ben Braiek,
  • Mahjoub Jabli,
  • Noureddine Chaaben,
  • Kamel Alimi,
  • Stefan Jopp and
  • Peter Langer

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 1629–1640, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.115

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  • , including the maximum of absorption and emission, fluorescence quantum yield, stokes shift, onset of the absorption wavelengths and optical band gap are summarized in Table 3. Aiming to understand the impact of substituents at arylethynyl groups, spectra of diversely substituted tetrahydroacridines were
  • relative method using quinine sulfate [70]. Tetrahydroacridine derivative 4g containing an electron-donating methoxy substituent gave the highest fluorescence intensity as shown in Figure 3 and a quantum yield of 20%. DFT studies The arylethynyl substituents showed an impact on the absorption and emission
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Published 16 Jul 2021

Recent advances in the application of isoindigo derivatives in materials chemistry

  • Andrei V. Bogdanov and
  • Vladimir F. Mironov

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 1533–1564, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.111

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  • [120]. At the same time, in vivo experiments have shown the high efficiency of low-molecular-weight isoindigo 71 in oxygen sensitization for cancer therapy [121]. Therein, a high value (84%) of the singlet oxygen quantum yield was obtained. Conclusion To summarize, it can be concluded that isoindigo is
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Published 06 Jul 2021
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  • ]. More interestingly, the high fluorescence quantum yield as well as the excellent photoluminescence quantum efficiency in addition to extraordinary thermal stability are the most significant characteristics of these systems. Interestingly, this versatile C3-symmetric aromatic framework can also formally
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Published 02 Jun 2021

A new glance at the chemosphere of macroalgal–bacterial interactions: In situ profiling of metabolites in symbiosis by mass spectrometry

  • Marine Vallet,
  • Filip Kaftan,
  • Veit Grabe,
  • Fatemeh Ghaderiardakani,
  • Simona Fenizia,
  • Aleš Svatoš,
  • Georg Pohnert and
  • Thomas Wichard

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 1313–1322, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.91

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  • . mutabilis germlings were stained with SYBR Gold, a sensitive probe forming a complex with DNA with high fluorescence quantum yield [36]. In the axenic callus-like form, the nuclei of algal cells and the bacterial cells accumulated around the rhizoidal tissue and exhibited the specific fluorescence after
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Published 19 May 2021

Synthesis of 10-O-aryl-substituted berberine derivatives by Chan–Evans–Lam coupling and investigation of their DNA-binding properties

  • Peter Jonas Wickhorst,
  • Mathilda Blachnik,
  • Denisa Lagumdzija and
  • Heiko Ihmels

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 991–1000, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.81

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  • deactivation of the excited state by conformational changes, e.g., torsional relaxation [42][43]. Since the fluorescence quantum yield of the parent berberine (1a) does not correlate well with the viscosity of the medium [40], it was concluded that the weak light-up effect in glycerol is mainly caused by the
  • suppressed rotation about the Ar–O bond. Nevertheless, as the emission quantum yield of the derivatives 5a–e still remained low, even at high viscosity of the medium, there obviously exist additional relaxation pathways in the excited state, most likely a photo-induced electron transfer (PET) from the 10
  • -aryl substituent to the berberine chromophore. The latter has been shown to operate also in resembling cationic, biaryl-type dyes [42][43]. Along the same lines, the low intrinsic emission quantum yield of the parent berberine (1a) has been suggested to result from an internal charge transfer (ICT
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Published 04 May 2021

Synthetic reactions driven by electron-donor–acceptor (EDA) complexes

  • Zhonglie Yang,
  • Yutong Liu,
  • Kun Cao,
  • Xiaobin Zhang,
  • Hezhong Jiang and
  • Jiahong Li

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 771–799, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.67

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  • form the EDA complex, affording acylation product 123 under blue-light irradiation (Scheme 42). The quantum yield of the reaction was determined to be 0.08, suggesting that the reaction proceeded via radical coupling rather than a radical propagation. Moreover, the reaction was compatible with amides
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Published 06 Apr 2021

Synthesis, structural characterization, and optical properties of benzo[f]naphtho[2,3-b]phosphoindoles

  • Mio Matsumura,
  • Takahiro Teramoto,
  • Masato Kawakubo,
  • Masatoshi Kawahata,
  • Yuki Murata,
  • Kentaro Yamaguchi,
  • Masanobu Uchiyama and
  • Shuji Yasuike

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 671–677, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.56

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  • approximately 50 nm longer than that of our oxide 3 [16]. The fluorescence wavelength, including the maximum emission (λem), and the quantum yield depend on the nature of the P-modification. Phosphine oxide 3, cation 5, and boron complex 6 emitted blue fluorescence in the visible-light region, with λem at 395
  • –426 nm (Table 2). P-methylated cation 5 exhibited the longest wavelength and the highest quantum yield. The electrochemical properties of benzonaphthophosphoindoles were investigated by using cyclic voltammetry, and the electrochemical data are summarized in Table 3 and Figure S4, Supporting
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Published 05 Mar 2021

Insight into functionalized-macrocycles-guided supramolecular photocatalysis

  • Minzan Zuo,
  • Krishnasamy Velmurugan,
  • Kaiya Wang,
  • Xueqi Tian and
  • Xiao-Yu Hu

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 139–155, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.15

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  • satisfy the following criteria: i) a reaction-ready configuration, i.e., a substrate orientation in a configuration favorable for photochemical transformations, ii) in the supramolecular photocatalytic reaction (within the cavity), the quantum yield should be higher than both the unimolecular and
  • bimolecular photoreaction quantum yield in an isotropic medium, and iii) the substrate and the products should be released from the supramolecular system via a dynamic exchange, which directs to a better yield and catalytic efficiency. To strengthen the above concepts, supramolecular photocatalysis needs a
  • to determine the kinetic rates of the forward and reverse reactions. Instead, the supramolecular photochemical transformation efficiency is calculated via quantum yield and reaction velocity experiments. In addition, the thermodynamic and kinetic functions of the supramolecular systems can be
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Published 18 Jan 2021

The fluorescence of a mercury probe based on osthol

  • Guangyan Luo,
  • Zhishu Zeng,
  • Lin Zhang,
  • Zhu Tao and
  • Qianjun Zhang

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 22–27, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.3

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  • therefore the thermodynamic parameters show that the binding process between OST and Hg2+ was mainly determined by ΔH, with an action ratio of 1:1 and a K value of 1.552 × 105 L ∙ mol−1. Measurement of the fluorescence quantum yield The fluorescence quantum yield of ʟ-tryptophan at an excitation wavelength
  • of 293 nm was 0.14, which was taken as the standard (Figure S5, Supporting Information File 1) [29][30]. The integration range of ʟ-tryptophan was 280–540 nm and that of OST–Hg2+ was 300–540 nm, and the fluorescence quantum yield of the aqueous probe solution was measured to be 0.08. Although this
  • quantum yield is not high, the selectivity and sensitivity for the fluorescence analysis are good. This can be better used to detect Hg2+ ions and has a certain analytical value. Determination of Hg2+ in a water sample Tap water was directly used for the determination of Hg2+ using the standard addition
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Published 05 Jan 2021

Metal-free synthesis of biarenes via photoextrusion in di(tri)aryl phosphates

  • Hisham Qrareya,
  • Lorenzo Meazza,
  • Stefano Protti and
  • Maurizio Fagnoni

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 3008–3014, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.250

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  • phosphates examined were barely fluorescent in methanol, with an emission quantum yield (Φem) in the 0.005–0.06 range (see Table 2 and Supporting Information File 1 for further details). We thus focused on compounds 1e, 1h, 3a and 3c as the model substrates. In the case of compounds 1e and 1h, we observed
  • of the biradical intermediate 6 [55] preceding the loss of ROP(O)(OH)2 (paths (b), (c), Scheme 3). The long irradiation time required to achieve a complete consumption of the substrates 1 and 3 is in accordance with the low quantum yield values reported for this process [58][61]. Furthermore, a
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Published 08 Dec 2020

Selected peptide-based fluorescent probes for biological applications

  • Debabrata Maity

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 2971–2982, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.247

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  • use of pyrene as a fluorophore has two major disadvantages such as poor quantum yield and an emission in the blue region, which is unfavorable for potential applications in biological systems. The Schmuck group successfully developed several peptide-based probes using these approaches for targeting
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Published 03 Dec 2020

Naphthalonitriles featuring efficient emission in solution and in the solid state

  • Sidharth Thulaseedharan Nair Sailaja,
  • Iván Maisuls,
  • Jutta Kösters,
  • Alexander Hepp,
  • Andreas Faust,
  • Jens Voskuhl and
  • Cristian A. Strassert

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 2960–2970, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.246

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  • singlet state. In the case of H, the quantum yield rises for increasing water content from 0% to 70%, which is attributed to the AIEE effect. Once it reaches 70%, a growing water fraction leads to an ACQ effect and hence the quantum yield decreases from 80% onwards (Table 2). A similar trend is observed
  • of water, and later they drop due to ACQ. Also, it is possible to observe that the lifetimes follow a similar trend, where an increase of the emission intensity accompanies a minor prolongation of the lifetime and subsequently a drop of the quantum yield along with a shortening of the lifetimes
  • , we observe a drastic drop in quantum yield when the water fractions are raised from 0% to 30%. As NMe2 is a pure push–pull system, the excited state can interact strongly with the solvent and due to the high polarity of water, a solvent quenching (SQ) effect is expected and also explains the observed
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Published 02 Dec 2020
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