Homolytic substitution at phosphorus for C–P bond formation in organic synthesis

• Hideki Yorimitsu

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2013, 9, 1269–1277, doi:10.3762/bjoc.9.143

• phosphorylation of carboxylic thiohydroxamic mixed anhydrides (Scheme 13) [41]. Radical addition of a phenylsulfanyl radical to the thiocarbonyl generates the corresponding alkyl radical R•, which undergoes homolytic substitution at the phosphorus of P(SPh)3 to furnish (PhS)2P–R as the initial product (Scheme 14

• . Thiophosphination with S-thiophosphinyl O-ethyl dithiocarbonate. Photoinduced selenophosphination of allenes. Photoinduced tellurophosphination. Decarboxylative phosphorylation of carboxylic acid derivatives. Plausible mechanism of decarboxylative phosphorylation. Radical phosphination of PTOC esters with white

Amyloid-β probes: Review of structure–activity and brain-kinetics relationships

• Todd J. Eckroat,
• Abdelrahman S. Mayhoub and
• Sylvie Garneau-Tsodikova

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2013, 9, 1012–1044, doi:10.3762/bjoc.9.116

• neurons and acetylcholine (ACh) levels, plaques caused by aggregation of the protein fragment amyloid-β (Aβ), tangles associated with irregular phosphorylation of tau protein, inflammation and increased oxidative stress from reactive oxygen species (ROS), as well as dyshomeostasis and

Methylidynetrisphosphonates: Promising C₁ building block for the design of phosphate mimetics

• Vadim D. Romanenko and
• Valery P. Kukhar

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2013, 9, 991–1001, doi:10.3762/bjoc.9.114

• , structure, reactions, and potential medicinal applications of these compounds. Keywords: biomimetic synthesis; C1 building blocks; phosphorylation; polyphosphonates; synthetic methods; Introduction Methylidynetrisphosphonic acid, HC(PO3H2)3, or more commonly methylidynetrisphosphonates, XC(PO3R2)3, also

Recent progress in the discovery of small molecules for the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)

• Allison S. Limpert,
• Margrith E. Mattmann and
• Nicholas D. P. Cosford

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2013, 9, 717–732, doi:10.3762/bjoc.9.82

• reduce phosphorylation of the transcription factor Nrf2, a known activator of cellular stress genes as well as an upregulator of SOD1 transcription [24]. A similar high-throughput screen was performed by Wright et al. [25], who assayed 30,000 small molecules for SOD1 transcriptional repression by

A new synthetic protocol for coumarin amino acid

• Xinyi Xu,
• Xiaosong Hu and
• Jiangyun Wang

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2013, 9, 254–259, doi:10.3762/bjoc.9.30

• the dye BODIPY-Fl to study the dynamics of protein–protein interactions [2]. Wang and co-workers genetically incorporated 1a to a position near to amino acids, which can be phosphorylated to investigate how phosphorylation affects the fluorescence properties of 1a, and the variation in the

• fluorescence intensity can be used to probe the phosphorylation status of certain amino acids [3]. Chapman and co-workers studied the FtsZ protein with genetically incorporated 1a [4]. The fluorescence of 1a was utilized to study the assembling of FtsZ in vivo, especially how the Z-ring is formed by FtsZ. This

Glycosylation efficiencies on different solid supports using a hydrogenolysis-labile linker

• Mayeul Collot,
• Steffen Eller,
• Markus Weishaupt and
• Peter H. Seeberger

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2013, 9, 97–105, doi:10.3762/bjoc.9.13

• such as sulfation or phosphorylation, as well as non-native features for biological experiments, such as linkers for glycoconjugation. This results in a high requirement concerning the chemical stability of the linker and solid support. Orthogonal linker 1 (Scheme 2) was designed to address these

Studies on the substrate specificity of a GDP-mannose pyrophosphorylase from Salmonella enterica

• Lu Zou,
• Ruixiang Blake Zheng and
• Todd L. Lowary

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2012, 8, 1219–1226, doi:10.3762/bjoc.8.136

• ]. In the other phosphorylation reactions reported in this paper, the anomeric stereochemistry was determined in an analogous manner. Compound 18 was then deprotected in two steps, namely catalytic hydrogenolysis and then, without further purification, treatment with a mixture of CH3OH–H2O–Et3N 5:2:1 to

• % yield. Acetolysis of 27 to the corresponding glycosyl acetate 28, followed by reaction with ethanethiol and BF3·OEt2, yielded thioglycoside 29, in a modest 39% yield from 27 over two steps. This compound was then converted to 11, in 56% yield, as outlined above, by successive phosphorylation and

• formed in 70% yield by phosphorylation as described for the synthesis of 9–11. Catalytic hydrogenolysis in the presence of NaHCO3 was used to cleave all the benzyl groups, which gave the 6-methoxy Manp-1P derivative 12 in 91% yield. The second route to 12 began with methyl 2,3,4-tri-O-benzoyl-α-D

Fifty years of oxacalix[3]arenes: A review

• Kevin Cottet,
• Paula M. Marcos and
• Peter J. Cragg

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2012, 8, 201–226, doi:10.3762/bjoc.8.22

• ]. Recently, Marcos reported the synthesis of an oxacalix[3]arene ketone derivative (Scheme 14) [39]. Treatment of 3a with 1-adamantyl bromomethyl ketone and NaH in THF under reflux afforded adamantyl ketone 24 in the cone conformation only. 3.1.3 Phosphorus derivatives: Complete phosphorylation of 3a was

Marilones A–C, phthalides from the sponge-derived fungus Stachylidium sp.

• Celso Almeida,
• Stefan Kehraus,
• Miguel Prudêncio and
• Gabriele M. König

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2011, 7, 1636–1642, doi:10.3762/bjoc.7.192

• Phosphorylation & Disease, CNRS, Roscoff, France) for performing the protein kinases assays and Dr. C. Pannecouque (Rega Institute for Medical Research, Leuven, Belgium) for performing the HIV-1 and HIV-2 antiviral assays; we also kindly thank Indra Bergval (KIT Biomedical Research, Royal Tropical Institute

Approaches towards the synthesis of 5-aminopyrazoles

• Ranjana Aggarwal,
• Vinod Kumar,
• Rajiv Kumar and
• Shiv P. Singh

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2011, 7, 179–197, doi:10.3762/bjoc.7.25

• this reaction and the 3-aminopyrazole intermediate 136 was obtained in excellent yield (93%) as a single isomer. The new derivatives 137 were shown to inhibit intracellular phosphorylation of hsp27 as well as LPS-induced TNFa release in cells (Scheme 37) [79]. The potassium salt of ethyl cyanopyruvate

• hsp27-phosphorylation and TNFa-release. Synthesis of the diglycylpyrazole 142. Synthesis of 5-amino-1-aryl-4-benzoylpyrazole derivatives. Synthesis of 4-benzoyl-3,5-diamino-1-(2-cyanoethyl)pyrazole. Synthesis of the 5-aminopyrazole derivative 150. Synthesis of 3,5-diaminopyrazoles 153. Synthesis of 5

Novel 2-(ω-phosphonooxy-2-oxaalkyl)acrylate monomers for self-etching self-priming one part adhesive

• Joachim E. Klee and
• Uwe Lehmann

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2010, 6, 766–772, doi:10.3762/bjoc.6.95

• acrylate and formaldehyde, and subsequent etherification of the obtained product with diols and phosphorylation using POCl3. The polymerization enthalpy of 2-(ω-phosphonooxy-2-oxaalkyl)acrylates 3 as measured by DSC ranges from −29 to −53 kJ·mol−1. The shear bond strength of adhesive compositions 4

• , comprising of polymerizable acids 3, ranges from 5.8 to 19.3 MPa on enamel and from 8.7 to 16.9 MPa on dentin. Keywords: adhesion to enamel and dentin; hydrolysis stable 2-(ω-phosphonooxy-2-oxaalkyl)acrylates; phosphorylation using POCl3; polymerization enthalpy; shear bond strength; Introduction Dental

• , comprising of phosphoric acid ester moieties, were synthesized via a three step synthesis via Baylis–Hillman reaction of ethyl acrylate and formaldehyde, and subsequent etherification of the obtained product with diols and phosphorylation using POCl3 (Scheme 1, Table 1). The double bonds in 3 are evident in

Synthesis of 6-PEtN-α-D-GalpNAc-(1–>6)-β-D-Galp-(1–>4)-β-D-GlcpNAc-(1–>3)-β-D-Galp-(1–>4)-β-D-Glcp, a Haemophilus influenzae lipopolysacharide structure, and biotin and protein conjugates thereof

• Andreas Sundgren,
• Martina Lahmann and
• Stefan Oscarson

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2010, 6, 704–708, doi:10.3762/bjoc.6.80

• -neotetraose structure that we have experience of from, i.a., former synthetic work related to Streptococcus pneumoniae type 14 CPS structures [11]. To allow for the introduction of the GalNAc residue at the 6IV-position and the subsequent phosphorylation of the 6V-hydroxy group, two new galactosyl donors were

• thioglycoside 4 [14] yielded the 6-O-silylated compound 5 (92%), benzylation of which gave donor 6 (85%). A benzyl group in the 4-position was preferred to an ester group to avoid the risk of acyl migration during subsequent reactions; desilylation, glycosidation and phosphorylation. 3II,4II-Diols of lactose

• phosphorylation step. Activation of 21 with pivaloyl chloride in the presence of 19 afforded the H-phosphonate diester, which was oxidised with I2/pyridine in water to afford the phosphate diester 22 [30]. Deprotection with sodium methoxide followed by catalytic hydrogenolysis then afforded the still Boc

(−)-Complanine, an inflammatory substance of marine fireworm: a synthetic study

• Kazuhiko Nakamura,
• Yu Tachikawa and
• Daisuke Uemura

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2009, 5, No. 12, doi:10.3762/bjoc.5.12

• . These results suggest that complanine can bind PKC at the same site as phosphatidylserine, a co-activation factor with Ca2+ and TPA. It is known that signal transduction leads to an inflammation mediator TNF-α and its downstream signal molecules, which occurs by phosphorylation through the action of PKC

N-1 regioselective Michael- type addition of 5-substituted uracils to (2-hydroxyethyl) acrylate

• Sławomir Boncel,
• Dominika Osyda and
• Krzysztof Z. Walczak

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2007, 3, No. 40, doi:10.1186/1860-5397-3-40

• literature for acyclic nucleosides.[1] Acyclic units containing hydroxyl groups are capable of phosphorylation and building into a growing nucleic acid, thus perturbing its replication. Several acyclic nucleosides, like HEPT (1-[2-hydroxyethoxymethyl]-6-(phenylthio)thymine),[2] or MKC-442 (1-ethoxymethyl-5