Recent advances in the electrochemical construction of heterocycles

• Robert Francke

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 2858–2873, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.303

• hypervalent iodine reagents [9][10][11][12], and homogeneously or heterogeneously catalyzed multicomponent reactions [13][14]. Moreover, radical cyclizations predominantly conducted using Bu3SnH in the presence of azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) play a crucial role [15][16]. However, all these methods require

One-pot four-component reaction for convenient synthesis of functionalized 1-benzamidospiro[indoline-3,4'-pyridines]

• Chao Wang,
• Yan-Hong Jiang and
• Chao-Guo Yan

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 2671–2676, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.281

• efficient and practical synthetic procedures have emerged for the synthesis of versatile spirooxindole-fused heterocycles [5][6][7][8][9]. In recent years, because of the emphasis on the development of green and sustainable chemistry, multicomponent reactions have been developed as efficient and potent

• tools for the preparation of structurally diverse molecules. Practically, multicomponent reactions based on the versatile reactivity of isatins and their 3-methylene derivatives have emerged in large numbers and become the new efficient protocols for the synthesis of various spirooxindoles [10][11][12

• [indoline-3,4'-pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazoles] have been developed very recently by several groups [25][26][27]. Against this background and in continuation of our efforts toward the development of practical multicomponent reactions based on the reactivity of isatin and its derivatives [28][29][30][31][32][33][34

Facile synthesis of 1H-imidazo[1,2-b]pyrazoles via a sequential one-pot synthetic approach

• András Demjén,
• Márió Gyuris,
• János Wölfling,
• László G. Puskás and
• Iván Kanizsai

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 2338–2344, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.243

• -imidazo[1,2-b]pyrazole; isocyanide; multicomponent reaction; N-heterocycles; Introduction For the relatively rapid design and construction of a diverse, large pharmacophore library, the basic concepts of diversity-oriented synthesis and isocyanide-based multicomponent reactions, such as the Ugi four

Synthesis of α-amino amidines through molecular iodine-catalyzed three-component coupling of isocyanides, aldehydes and amines

• Praveen Reddy Adiyala,
• D. Chandrasekhar,
• Jeevak Sopanrao Kapure,
• Chada Narsimha Reddy and
• Ram Awatar Maurya

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 2065–2070, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.214

• methods provide amidines in acceptable yields, they suffer from limitations such as limited structural diversity of the final products. Since multicomponent reactions (MCRs) are expected to provide a rich structural diversity, much attention was paid on the development of multicomponent-coupling

• strategies for the synthesis of amidines. The Ugi reaction is probably one of the best multicomponent reactions to provide huge structural diversification of the products [12]. Thus, several modifications of the Ugi reaction were explored recently. As depicted in Figure 1, diamides, α-amino amides, and α

Synthesis of trifluoromethyl-substituted pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridines – sequential versus multicomponent reaction approach

• Barbara Palka,
• Angela Di Capua,
• Maurizio Anzini,
• Gyté Vilkauskaité,
• Algirdas Šačkus and
• Wolfgang Holzer

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 1759–1764, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.183

• all obtained products. Keywords: microwave-assisted reactions; multicomponent reactions; NMR (1H; 13C; 15N; 19F); Sonogashira coupling; trifluoromethylpyrazoles; Introduction Fluorine-containing compounds play an important role in medicinal and pharmaceutical chemistry as well as in agrochemistry [1

• afforded the corresponding pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine 5-oxides 7a–c by a regioselective 6-endo-dig cyclisation [30] in high yields. Moreover, we tested an alternative approach to access compounds 7 through multicomponent reactions (MCR). Attempts to react chloroaldehyde 2 with hydroxylamine hydrochloride and

Multicomponent reactions in nucleoside chemistry

• Mariola Koszytkowska-Stawińska and
• Włodzimierz Buchowicz

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 1706–1732, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.179

• Mariola Koszytkowska-Stawinska Wlodzimierz Buchowicz Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, ul. Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warszawa, Poland 10.3762/bjoc.10.179 Abstract This review covers sixty original publications dealing with the application of multicomponent reactions (MCRs) in

• ][9], anti-infective agents [10][11][12], or molecular probes [13][14]. Taking into account the importance of nucleoside analogs in medicine and biotechnology, there is a considerable interest in the development of simple and efficient synthesis of these compounds. Multicomponent reactions (MCRs

• carbon atom. Conclusion In this comprehensive review application of multicomponent reactions (MCRs) in nucleoside chemistry has been presented. In recent years, growing interest in the construction of novel nucleoside scaffolds by MCR has been observed. This conclusion is supported by the fact that 23

Asymmetric Ugi 3CR on isatin-derived ketimine: synthesis of chiral 3,3-disubstituted 3-aminooxindole derivatives

• Giordano Lesma,
• Fiorella Meneghetti,
• Alessandro Sacchetti,
• Mattia Stucchi and
• Alessandra Silvani

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 1383–1389, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.141

• methodologies to access chiral 3,3-disubstituted 3-aminooxindoles [16][17][18][19], we looked at isocyanide-based multicomponent reactions as a possible efficient tool to quickly prepare oxindole-based peptidomimetic compounds [20][21][22]. Despite the synthetic efficiency of the Ugi reaction and its wide

• application in combinatorial and medicinal chemistry [23][24][25][26][27][28], to the best of our knowledge a synthesis of 3,3-disubstituted 3-aminooxindoles which relies on isocyanide-based multicomponent reactions has not been unexplored yet. Although in this kind of reaction a new stereogenic center is

Tandem Cu-catalyzed ketenimine formation and intramolecular nucleophile capture: Synthesis of 1,2-dihydro-2-iminoquinolines from 1-(o-acetamidophenyl)propargyl alcohols

• Gadi Ranjith Kumar,
• Yalla Kiran Kumar,
• Ruchir Kant and
• Maddi Sridhar Reddy

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 1255–1260, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.125

• groups (including the discoverers) have utilized the reaction for the synthesis of diverse chemical compounds by trapping the thus formed ketenimine inter- and intramolecularly. Various multicomponent reactions using external nucleophiles like H2O, alcohols, amines, imines, etc., have been reported while

Consecutive isocyanide-based multicomponent reactions: synthesis of cyclic pentadepsipeptoids

• Angélica de Fátima S. Barreto,
• Otilie E. Vercillo,
• Ludger A. Wessjohann and
• Carlos Kleber Z. Andrade

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 1017–1022, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.101

• sansalvamide A is described. An efficient and fast synthetic strategy was developed using a combination of consecutive isocyanide-based multicomponent reactions (Ugi and Passerini reactions). This methodology can be used to access a variety of cyclic oligodepsipeptoids. Keywords: depsipeptoids; multicomponent

• the Ugi four-component reaction (U-4CR) [8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. It has been demonstrated that the combination of multicomponent reactions with the use of microwave irradiation is able to efficiently produce complex molecules with a reduced number of steps and short reaction times [15][16][17][18

• significantly reduced number of steps in short reaction times, and high yields in most of the steps. The strategic combination of two isocyanide-based multicomponent reactions and microwave irradiation makes this a very useful and attractive protocol. The obtained depsipeptoids will be tested for different

The Ugi four-component reaction as a concise modular synthetic tool for photo-induced electron transfer donor-anthraquinone dyads

• Sarah Bay,
• Gamall Makhloufi,
• Christoph Janiak and
• Thomas J. J. Müller

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 1006–1016, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.100

• approximation. Keywords: absorption spectroscopy; cyclic voltammetry; chromophores; fluorescence; multicomponent reactions; photo-induced electron transfer; Introduction Chromophores, fluorophores, and electrophores, are functional organic materials [1] and constitute active components in molecular

• rigid Do–Acc dyads [55]. Nevertheless, a modular and rapid access by multicomponent reactions to these types of functional targets has never been explored prior to our recent studies [56]. For instance, the Ugi four-component reaction (Ugi 4CR) [57][58][59][60] establishes the chemically robust α

• multicomponent reactions should as well be applicable to functional Do–Acc dyads. Therefore, we set out to place electron-rich phenothiazinyl and carbazolyl derivatives 4 as amino component in the Ugi 4CR, whereas the electron acceptor was introduced as anthraquinone-2-carbaldehyde (5). Acetic acid (6) and tert

Rapid pseudo five-component synthesis of intensively blue luminescent 2,5-di(hetero)arylfurans via a Sonogashira–Glaser cyclization sequence

• Fabian Klukas,
• Alexander Grunwald,
• Franziska Menschel and
• Thomas J. J. Müller

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 672–679, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.60

• interesting due to their bright blue luminescence with remarkably high quantum yields. The electronic structure of the title compounds is additionally studied with DFT computations. Keywords: C–C coupling; copper; DFT; fluorescence; furans; mircowave-assisted synthesis; multicomponent reactions; palladium

• ; Introduction Multicomponent reactions (MCRs) [1][2][3][4][5] are conceptually diversity-oriented syntheses (DOS) [6][7] and have been developed to powerful tools for exploring broad ranges of different structural and functional characteristics. In addition, MCRs address the very fundamental principles of

One-pot three-component synthesis and photophysical characteristics of novel triene merocyanines

• Christian Muschelknautz,
• Robin Visse,
• Jan Nordmann and
• Thomas J. J. Müller

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 599–612, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.51

• convergent strategies paved the way to luminescent push–pull dienes 1–4 with conformationally flexible and fixed acceptor units (Figure 1) [30][31][32], pyrazoles [33][34], benzodiazepines [35], furans and pyrroles [36][37] by consecutive multicomponent reactions and to highly emissive spirocycles [38][39

• -en-1-ylideneindolones are essentially nonemissive in films or in the solid state. TD-DFT computations rationalize the charge-transfer nature of the characteristic broad long-wavelength absorptions bands. Keywords: alkynes; cross coupling; enamines; fluorescence; heterocycles; multicomponent

• reactions; Introduction Functional organic materials [1], such as chromophores, fluorophores, and electrophores, constitute the active components in molecular electronics [2], photonics [3], and bioanalytics [4][5][6]. Among many chromophores the class of merocyanines [7][8][9], i.e. α-donor-ω-acceptor

Isocyanide-based multicomponent reactions towards cyclic constrained peptidomimetics

• Gijs Koopmanschap,
• Eelco Ruijter and
• Romano V.A. Orru

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 544–598, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.50

• peptidomimetics usually a sequence of multiple reactions has been applied, which makes it difficult to easily introduce structural diversity necessary for fine tuning the biological activity. A promising approach to tackle this problem is the use of multicomponent reactions (MCRs), because they can introduce both

• structural diversity and molecular complexity in only one step. Among the MCRs, the isocyanide-based multicomponent reactions (IMCRs) are most relevant for the synthesis of peptidomimetics because they provide peptide-like products. However, these IMCRs usually give linear products and in order to obtain

• -components that bear an additional alkene, alkyne or azide moiety and can be cyclized via either a deprotection–cyclization strategy, a ring-closing metathesis, a 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition or even via a sequence of multiple multicomponent reactions. The sequential IMCR-cyclization reactions can afford small

Silver and gold-catalyzed multicomponent reactions

• Giorgio Abbiati and
• Elisabetta Rossi

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 481–513, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.46

• multicomponent reactions. Keywords: A3-coupling; gold; multicomponent reactions; silver; Introduction Coinage metals (copper, silver and gold) are extensively used in the homogenous catalysis of organic reactions. Similarities and differences in the catalytic activity of these elements have been recently

• comprehensive for copper than for silver and gold. However, silver and gold experienced a continuous growth in interest by the scientific community. This also holds true in the field of multicomponent reactions (MCRs). A rough investigation of the literature dealing with Ag or Au-mediated MCRs published since

• 2000 reveals an exponential growth in the number of published papers. A deeper analysis allows discriminating between a specific class of multicomponent reactions, the A3-coupling reactions, which are subjected to systematic investigations, and a plethora of miscellaneous reactions. Thus, this review

A catalyst-free multicomponent domino sequence for the diastereoselective synthesis of (E)-3-[2-arylcarbonyl-3-(arylamino)allyl]chromen-4-ones

• Pitchaimani Prasanna,
• Pethaiah Gunasekaran,
• Subbu Perumal and
• J. Carlos Menéndez

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 459–465, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.43

• –Hilman condensation, and a final deoxygenation. The deoxygenation is assumed to be induced by carbon monoxide resulting from the thermal decomposition of the dimethylformamide solvent. Keywords: chromones; domino reactions; Michael additions; multicomponent reactions; transfer hydrogenation

• allows their application in the synthesis of important heterocycles such as indole [28], dihydropyridine [29], quinoline [30], pyrrole [31] and pyridinone [32]. Furthermore, they can take part in one-pot multicomponent reactions with both nucleophilic and electrophilic reactants, leading to a fast access

The Flögel-three-component reaction with dicarboxylic acids – an approach to bis(β-alkoxy-β-ketoenamides) for the synthesis of complex pyridine and pyrimidine derivatives

• Mrinal K. Bera,
• Moisés Domínguez,
• Paul Hommes and
• Hans-Ulrich Reissig

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 394–404, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.37

• . Keywords: alkoxyallenes; condensations; DFT calculations; β-ketoenamides; multi-component reactions; olefin metathesis; pyridines; pyrimidines; Introduction Multicomponent reactions (MCRs) generally allow a diversity-oriented fast and efficient access to complex synthetic intermediates and are thus

• E- and Z-configured enamide moieties [51][52], finally leading to identical products. After these successful multicomponent reactions we investigated the intramolecular condensations of the bis(β-ketoenamides) 13–15 to pyridine and pyrimidine derivatives. Enamides 13 and 14 were treated with

• addition we exemplarily investigated subsequent transformations of these compounds either by palladium-catalyzed cross-couplings or by oxidations of the 4-methyl groups of the pyrimidine subunits. Although the yields for the crucial initial multicomponent reactions leading to the bis(β-methoxy-β

Secondary amine-initiated three-component synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidinones and thiones involving alkynes, aldehydes and thiourea/urea

• Jie-Ping Wan,
• Yunfang Lin,
• Kaikai Hu and
• Yunyun Liu

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 287–292, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.25

• ; enamine activation; multicomponent reactions; Introduction DHPMs are well-known heterocyclic scaffolds with abundant biological relevance [1][2][3]. The DHPM backbone has been found in a class of marine natural products possessing anti-HIV activity [4]. What’s more, diversified other biological

• patterns has become an issue of central importance. During the last decade, tremendous endeavours have been made to devise efficient synthetic routes to access structurally diverse DHPMs by employing multicomponent reactions (MCRs) [24][25][26]. Interestingly, in the process of designing new MCRs yielding

Boron-substituted 1,3-dienes and heterodienes as key elements in multicomponent processes

• Ludovic Eberlin,
• Fabien Tripoteau,
• François Carreaux,
• Andrew Whiting and
• Bertrand Carboni

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 237–250, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.19

• , CS 50837, 35708 Rennes Cedex 7, France Centre for Sustainable Chemical Processes, Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, U.K. 10.3762/bjoc.10.19 Abstract In the last few years, multicomponent reactions involving boron substituted 1,3-dienes have emerged as important

• tools in synthetic organic chemistry. The most significant recent results and developments obtained in this area are reported in this review. Keywords: allylboration; boron compounds; Diels–Alder; 1,3-dienes; multicomponent reactions; Petasis borono–Mannich; Suzuki couplings; Introduction

• Multicomponent reactions involving catalytic or non-catalytic step(s) have become essential tools in the field of synthetic organic chemistry [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. Several of these, which now bear the name of their inventors: Strecker, Hantzsch, Biginelli, Mannich, Passerini or Ugi, have been known and

Diversity-oriented synthesis of dihydrobenzoxazepinones by coupling the Ugi multicomponent reaction with a Mitsunobu cyclization

• Lisa Moni,
• Luca Banfi,
• Andrea Basso,
• Alice Brambilla and
• Renata Riva

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 209–212, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.16

• derivatives. Keywords: benzoxazepines; diversity-oriented synthesis; multicomponent reactions; Mitsunobu reaction; Ugi reaction; Introduction Although the classical Ugi 4-component reaction (U-4CR) leads to acyclic peptide-like compounds, post-condensation cyclizations can afford a huge variety of drug-like

Multicomponent reactions II

• Thomas J. J. Müller

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 115–116, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.7

• Thomas J. J. Muller Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Institut für Makromolekulare Chemie und Organische Chemie, Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany 10.3762/bjoc.10.7 Keywords: multicomponent; The concept of multicomponent reactions (MCR) [1] has

• challenging for academia, in particular for the minute and sophisticated fine-tuning of reactivity and selectivity, which is required to concatenate elementary steps to novel sequences. This Thematic Series on multicomponent reactions is a continuation of the previously released series two years ago [6] and

Studies on the interaction of isocyanides with imines: reaction scope and mechanistic variations

• Ouldouz Ghashghaei,
• Consiglia Annamaria Manna,
• Esther Vicente-García,
• Marc Revés and
• Rodolfo Lavilla

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 12–17, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.3

• ring system. The scope of the reaction regarding the imine and isocyanide ranges has been determined, and also some mechanistic variations and structural features have been described. Keywords: azetidines; heterocycles; imines; isocyanides; multicomponent reactions; Introduction The interaction of

Four-component reaction of cyclic amines, 2-aminobenzothiazole, aromatic aldehydes and acetylenedicarboxylate

• Hong Gao,
• Jing Sun and
• Chao-Guo Yan

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2013, 9, 2934–2939, doi:10.3762/bjoc.9.330

• sequentially with other reagents to give cycloaddition products [1][2]. From then on much developments on the chemistry of Huisgen 1,4-dipoles have been achieved [3][4]. In the past few years, Huisgen 1,4-dipoles have been recognized as key components for designing practical multicomponent reactions and domino

Efficient synthesis of dihydropyrimidinones via a three-component Biginelli-type reaction of urea, alkylaldehyde and arylaldehyde

• Haijun Qu,
• Xuejian Li,
• Fan Mo and
• Xufeng Lin

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2013, 9, 2846–2851, doi:10.3762/bjoc.9.320

• Biginelli [3][4]. Among them, the Biginelli multicomponent reaction, involving a multicomponent condensation of aldehyde, β-ketoester, and urea, provides an easy access to the preparation of DHPMs, because multicomponent reactions (MCRs) are considered with high facileness, efficiency and economy in organic

An overview of the synthetic routes to the best selling drugs containing 6-membered heterocycles

• Marcus Baumann and
• Ian R. Baxendale

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2013, 9, 2265–2319, doi:10.3762/bjoc.9.265

Post-Ugi gold-catalyzed diastereoselective domino cyclization for the synthesis of diversely substituted spiroindolines

• Amit Kumar,
• Dipak D. Vachhani,
• Sachin G. Modha,
• Sunil K. Sharma,
• Virinder S. Parmar and
• Erik V. Van der Eycken

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2013, 9, 2097–2102, doi:10.3762/bjoc.9.246

• ) involves short reaction sequences, a strong focus on bond construction, and functional group compatibility [1][2][3]. Reactions that involve multiple bond formation, such as multicomponent reactions [4][5][6][7][8][9] and tandem reactions [10][11][12][13][14][15][16], are very useful in this context. As an

• materials. Based on this work and our continuous interest in transition metal catalysis [45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54], multicomponent reactions [55][56][57] and the chemistry of the indole core [58][59][60], we herein report a post-Ugi gold-catalyzed intramolecular domino cyclization sequence for